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Han F, Qian L, Zhang Y, Liu P, Li R, Chen M. C2CD4A/B variants in the predisposition of lung cancer in the Chinese Han population. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:331-340. [PMID: 35212842 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mRNA levels of C2CD4A and C2CD4B were dysregulation in lung cancer (LC). We aimed to evaluate the role of C2CD4A/B variants in LC susceptibility. METHODS There were 710 cases with LC and 710 healthy controls enrolled in the study. The genotyping of twelve variants in C2CD4A/B was carried out by Agena MassARRAY system. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to assess the relationship between these variants and LC predisposition. RESULTS Rs8037894 (OR = 0.81, p = 0.005), rs7172432 (OR = 0.83, p = 0.013), rs11856307 (OR = 0.86, p = 0.043), and rs1436953 (OR = 0.79, p = 0.002) were related to the reduced risk of LC. Besides, the relation of rs7172432 with LC risk in subjects aged > 60 years was observed. Rs4502156 conferred to the increased LC risk, while rs1436953 was associated with the lower susceptibility to LC among males. Rs731820, rs4502156, rs11071657, rs7172432, and rs11856307 contributed to the predisposition of LC among subjects with BMI > 24 kg/m2, while rs7495253 was associated with an increased risk of LC in subjects with BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2. The increased LC risk was found in rs4502156, while the protective risk effect of rs8037894, rs7172432, rs11856307, and rs1436953 on the occurrence of LC was observed in smokers and non-drinkers. Moreover, rs7495253 and rs7495931 had a higher risk of lymphatic metastasis. Rs1436953 was related to the reduced risk of lung adenocarcinoma, while rs4502156, rs8037894, rs7172432, rs11856307, and rs1436953 were related to the risk of small cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results first display that C2CD4A/B polymorphisms served as protective factors for LC predisposition in a Chinese Han population. These findings could provide new biological insight into the understanding of C2CD4A/B genes on LC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, #277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, 710018, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xi'an No.5 Hospital, Xi'an, 710082, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, #277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Padilla-Martínez F, Collin F, Kwasniewski M, Kretowski A. Systematic Review of Polygenic Risk Scores for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1703. [PMID: 32131491 PMCID: PMC7084489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have led to considerable advances in the identification of genetic variants associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. An approach for converting genetic data into a predictive measure of disease susceptibility is to add the risk effects of loci into a polygenic risk score. In order to summarize the recent findings, we conducted a systematic review of studies comparing the accuracy of polygenic risk scores developed during the last two decades. We selected 15 risk scores from three databases (Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed) enrolled in this systematic review. We identified three polygenic risk scores that discriminate between type 1 diabetes patients and healthy people, one that discriminate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, two that discriminate between type 1 and monogenic diabetes and nine polygenic risk scores that discriminate between type 2 diabetes patients and healthy people. Prediction accuracy of polygenic risk scores was assessed by comparing the area under the curve. The actual benefits, potential obstacles and possible solutions for the implementation of polygenic risk scores in clinical practice were also discussed. Develop strategies to establish the clinical validity of polygenic risk scores by creating a framework for the interpretation of findings and their translation into actual evidence, are the way to demonstrate their utility in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Padilla-Martínez
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (M.K.)
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Francois Collin
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Data Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland; (F.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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Asamoah EA, Obirikorang C, Acheampong E, Annani-Akollor ME, Laing EF, Owiredu EW, Anto EO. Heritability and Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3198671. [PMID: 32685554 PMCID: PMC7352126 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3198671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is observing an accelerating prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influenced by gene-environment interaction of modifiable and nonmodifiable factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the heritability and genetic risk of T2DM in SSA. METHODS We reviewed all published articles on T2DM in SSA between January 2000 and December 2019 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies that reported on the genetics and/or heritability of T2DM or indicators of glycaemia were included. Data extracted included the study design, records of family history, pattern and characteristics of inheritance, genetic determinants, and effects estimates. RESULTS The pattern and characteristics of T2DM heritability in SSA are preference for maternal aggregation, higher among first degree compared to second-degree relatives; early age-onset (<50 years), and inherited abnormalities of beta-cell function/mass. The overall prevalence of T2DM was 28.2% for the population with a positive family history (PFH) and 11.2% for the population with negative family history (NFH). The pooled odds ratio of the impact of PFH on T2DM was 3.29 (95% CI: 2.40-4.52). Overall, 28 polymorphisms in 17 genes have been investigated in relation with T2DM in SSA. Almost all studies used the candidate gene approach with most (45.8%) of genetic studies published between 2011 and 2015. Polymorphisms in ABCC8, Haptoglobin, KCNJ11, ACDC, ENPP1, TNF-α, and TCF7L2 were found to be associated with T2DM, with overlapping effect on specific cardiometabolic traits. Genome-wide studies identified ancestry-specific signals (AGMO-rs73284431, VT11A-rs17746147, and ZRANB3) and TCF7L2-rs7903146 as the only transferable genetic risk variants to SSA population. TCF7L2-rs7903146 polymorphism was investigated in multiple studies with consistent effects and low-moderate statistical heterogeneity. Effect sizes were modestly strong [odds ratio = 6.17 (95% CI: 2.03-18.81), codominant model; 2.27 (95% CI: 1.50-3.44), additive model; 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18-2.59), recessive model]. Current evidence on the heritability and genetic markers of T2DM in SSA populations is limited and largely insufficient to reliably inform the genetic architecture of T2DM across SSA regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Adu Asamoah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Christian Obirikorang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Edwin Ferguson Laing
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Eddie-Williams Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Enoch Odame Anto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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Doumatey AP, Ekoru K, Adeyemo A, Rotimi CN. Genetic Basis of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Africans: Impact on Precision Medicine. Curr Diab Rep 2019; 19:105. [PMID: 31520154 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent advances in genomics provide opportunities for novel understanding of the biology of human traits with the goal of improving human health. Here, we review recent obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related genomic studies in African populations and discuss the implications of limited genomics studies on health disparity and precision medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Genome-wide association studies in Africans have yielded genetic discovery that would otherwise not be possible; these include identification of novel loci associated with obesity (SEMA-4D, PRKCA, WARS2), metabolic syndrome (CA-10, CTNNA3), and T2D (AGMO, ZRANB3). ZRANB3 was recently demonstrated to influence beta cell mass and insulin response. Despite these promising results, genomic studies in African populations are still limited and thus genomics tools and approaches such as polygenic risk scores and precision medicine are likely to have limited utility in Africans with the unacceptable possibility of exacerbating prevailing health disparities. African populations provide unique opportunities for increasing our understanding of the genetic basis of cardiometabolic disorders. We highlight the need for more coordinated and sustained efforts to increase the representation of Africans in genomic studies both as participants and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12A, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD, 20862, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12A, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD, 20862, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12A, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD, 20862, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Building 12A, Room 4047, Bethesda, MD, 20862, USA.
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Viscoelasticity as a measurement of clot structure in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes patients: towards a precision and personalized medicine approach. Oncotarget 2018; 7:50895-50907. [PMID: 27447972 PMCID: PMC5239445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 2 diabetes patients (T2D) have a considerably higher cardiovascularrisk, which is closely associated with systemic inflammation, and an accompanying pathologic coagulation system. Due to the complexity of the diabetic profile, we suggest that we need to look at each patient individually and particularly at his or her clotting profile; as the healthiness of the coagulation system gives us an indication of the success of clinical intervention. Results T2D coagulability varied markedly, although there were no clear difference in medication use and the standards of HbA1c levels. Research design and methods Our sample consisted of 90 poorly controlled T2D and 71 healthy individuals. We investigated the medication use and standards of HbA1c levels of T2D and we used thromboelastography (TEG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study their clot formation. Conclusion The latest NIH guidelines suggest that clinical medicine should focus on precision medicine, and the current broad understanding is that precision medicine may in future, provide personalized targets for preventative and therapeutic interventions. Here we suggest a practical example where TEG can be used as an easily accessible point-of-care tool to establish a comprehensive clotting profile analysis for T2D patients; and additionally may provide valuable information that may be used in the envisaged precision medicine approach. Only by closely following each individual patient's progress and healthiness and thereby managing systemic inflammation, will we be able to reduce this pandemic.
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Özdemir V, Patrinos GP. David Bowie and the Art of Slow Innovation: A Fast-Second Winner Strategy for Biotechnology and Precision Medicine Global Development. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2017; 21:633-637. [PMID: 29064337 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Original ideas and innovation cannot always be ordered like a courier service and delivered fresh to our desk at 9 am. Yet, most creativity-based organizations, careers, and professions, science and biotechnology innovation included, emphasize the speed as the prevailing ideology. But a narrow focus on speed has several and overlooked shortcomings. For example, it does not offer the opportunity to draw from, and stitch together disparate concepts and practices for truly disruptive innovation. Preventing false starts, learning from others' or our own mistakes, and customizing innovations for local community needs are difficult in a speed-hungry innovation ecosystem. We introduce a new strategy, the Fast-Second Winner, specifically in relation to global development of biotechnologies and precision medicine. This à la carte global development strategy envisions a midstream entry into the innovation ecosystem. Moreover, we draw from the works of the late David Bowie who defied rigid classifications as an artist and prolific innovator, and introduce the concept and practice of slow innovation that bodes well with the Fast-Second Winner strategy. A type of slow innovation, the Fast-Second Winner is actually fast and sustainable in the long term, and efficient by reducing false starts in new precision medicine application contexts and geographies, learning from other innovators' failures, and shaping innovations for the local community needs. The establishment of Centers for Fast-Second Innovation (CFSIs), and their funding, for example, by crowdfunding and other innovative mechanisms, could be timely for omics and precision medicine global development. If precision medicine is about tailoring drug treatments and various health interventions to individuals, we suggest to start from tailoring new ideas, and focus not only on how much we innovate but also what and how we innovate. In principle, the Fast-Second Winner can be applied to omics and other biotechnology responsible development in medical practice or any field of applied innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vural Özdemir
- 1 Independent Writer and Researcher, Innovation in Global Governance for Science, Technology and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University) , Kollam, India
| | - George P Patrinos
- 3 Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences , Patras, Greece .,4 Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Marzuillo P, Di Sessa A, Umano GR, Nunziata L, Cirillo G, Perrone L, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Grandone A. Novel association between the nonsynonymous A803G polymorphism of the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene and impaired glucose homeostasis in obese children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:478-484. [PMID: 27481583 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2 ) A803G polymorphism has been associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in a large adult population with the A allele associated with insulin-resistance-related traits. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the association of this polymorphism with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents. SUBJECTS A total of 748 obese children and adolescents were enrolled. METHODS Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected. During oral glucose tolerance test, the presence of a possible exaggerated plasma glucose excursion at 1 h (1HPG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was considered. Homeostasis model assessment, oral disposition index (oDI) and insulinogenic index (IDI) were calculated. Patients were genotyped for the NAT2 A803G polymorphism. RESULTS The prevalence of both IGT and elevated-1HPG was higher in children carrying the A803 allele (P = .02 and P = .03). Moreover, this allele was associated with both oDI and IGI reduction (P = .01). No differences among the NAT2 A803G genotypes for the other parameters were shown. Children homozygous for the A allele presented an odds ratio (OR), to show IGT of 4.9 (P = .01). Children both homozygous and heterozygous for the A allele had higher risk to show elevated-1HPG (OR of 2.7, P = .005; and OR = 2.3, P = .005) compared with patients homozygous for the NAT2 803G allele. CONCLUSIONS NAT2 A803 allele seems to play a role in worsening the destiny of obese children carrying it, predisposing them to elevated-1HPG and IGT and then to a possible future type 2 diabetes mellitus throughout an impairment of pancreatic β-cellular insulin secretion as suggested by oDI and IGI reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Marzuillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Di Sessa
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Rosaria Umano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigia Nunziata
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Grandone
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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Chikowore T, van Zyl T, Feskens EJM, Conradie KR. Predictive utility of a genetic risk score of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes in a black South African population. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2016; 122:1-8. [PMID: 27744072 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the predictive utility of polygenic risk scores of common variants associated with type 2 diabetes derived from the European and Asian ethnicities among a black South African population. METHOD Our study was a case-control study nested within the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study of 178 male and female cases, matched for age and gender with 178 controls. Four types of genetic risk scores (GRS) were developed from 66 selected SNPs. These comprised of beta cell related variants (GRSb), variants which had significant associations with T2D in our study (GRSn), variants from the trans-ethnic meta-analysis (GRStrans) and all the 66 selected SNPs (GRSt). RESULTS Of the GRS's, only GRSn was associated with increased risk of T2D as indicated by an OR (95CI) of 1.21 (1.02-1.43) p-value=0.015. Stratified analysis of age and BMI, indicated the GRSn to be significantly associated with T2D among the non-obese and participants less than 50years. The area under the ROC of the T2D risk factors only was 0.652 (p value<0.001) and with the addition of GRSn it was 0.665 (p value<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The GRS of European and Asian derived variants have limited clinical utility in the black South African population. The inclusion of population specific variants in the GRS is pivotal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe Chikowore
- Centre for Excellence in Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa.
| | - Tertia van Zyl
- Centre for Excellence in Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin R Conradie
- Centre for Excellence in Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, North West Province 2520, South Africa
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Braga CP, Boone CHT, Grove RA, Adamcova D, Fernandes AAH, Adamec J, de Magalhães Padilha P. Liver Proteome in Diabetes Type 1 Rat Model: Insulin-Dependent and -Independent Changes. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:711-726. [PMID: 27849439 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a major public health problem that continues to burden the healthcare systems worldwide, costing exponentially more as the epidemic grows. Innovative strategies and omics system diagnostics for earlier diagnosis or prognostication of DM1 are essential to prevent secondary complications and alleviate the associated economic burden. In a preclinical study design that involved streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM1, insulin-treated STZ-induced DM1, and control rats, we characterized the insulin-dependent and -independent changes in protein profiles in liver samples. Digested proteins were subjected to LC-MSE for proteomic data. Progenesis QI data processing and analysis of variance were utilized for statistical analyses. We found 305 proteins with significantly altered abundance among the control, DM1, and insulin-treated DM1 groups (p < 0.05). These differentially regulated proteins were related to enzymes that function in key metabolic pathways and stress responses. For example, gluconeogenesis appeared to return to control levels in the DM1 group after insulin treatment, with the restoration of gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme, FBP1. Insulin administration to DM1 rats also restored the blood glucose levels and enzymes of general stress and antioxidant response systems. These observations are crucial for insights on DM1 pathophysiology and new molecular targets for future clinical biomarkers, drug discovery, and development. Additionally, we underscore that proteomics offers much potential in preclinical biomarker discovery for diabetes as well as common complex diseases such as cancer, dementia, and infectious disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pereira Braga
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, Brazil .,2 Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Cory H T Boone
- 2 Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ryan A Grove
- 2 Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Dana Adamcova
- 2 Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Jiri Adamec
- 2 Redox Biology Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Pedro de Magalhães Padilha
- 1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University , Botucatu, Brazil
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