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Xiao W, Zhou Q, Wen X, Wang R, Liu R, Wang T, Shi J, Hu Y, Hou J. Small-Molecule Inhibitors Overcome Epigenetic Reprogramming for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702360. [PMID: 34603017 PMCID: PMC8484527 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment is a significant challenge for the global health system, although various pharmacological and therapeutic discoveries have been made. It has been widely established that cancer is associated with epigenetic modification, which is reversible and becomes an attractive target for drug development. Adding chemical groups to the DNA backbone and modifying histone proteins impart distinct characteristics on chromatin architecture. This process is mediated by various enzymes modifying chromatin structures to achieve the diversity of epigenetic space and the intricacy in gene expression files. After decades of effort, epigenetic modification has represented the hallmarks of different cancer types, and the enzymes involved in this process have provided novel targets for antitumor therapy development. Epigenetic drugs show significant effects on both preclinical and clinical studies in which the target development and research offer a promising direction for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the different types of epigenetic enzymes which target corresponding protein domains, emphasize DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA-mediated cooperation with epigenetic modification, and highlight recent achievements in developing targets for epigenetic inhibitor therapy. This article reviews current anticancer small-molecule inhibitors targeting epigenetic modified enzymes and displays their performances in different stages of clinical trials. Future studies are further needed to address their off-target effects and cytotoxicity to improve their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaodan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonic, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Information Department of Medical Security Center, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command of PLA, Chengdu, China
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Idrissou M, Boisnier T, Sanchez A, Houfaf Khoufaf FZ, Penault-Llorca F, Bignon YJ, Bernard-Gallon D. Implementation of the TIP60/P400/H4K12ac Structure in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 25:202-205. [PMID: 33337282 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamed Idrissou
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Boisnier
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sanchez
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fatma Zohra Houfaf Khoufaf
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Department of Biopathology, Centre Jean Perrin, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, UFR de medécine, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INSERM-UMR 1240-Molecular Imaging and Theranostic Strategies (IMOST), Clermont-Ferrand, France
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