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Karam-Palos S, Andrés-Blasco I, Campos-Borges C, Zanón-Moreno V, Gallego-Martínez A, Alegre-Ituarte V, García-Medina JJ, Pastor-Idoate S, Sellés-Navarro I, Vila-Arteaga J, Lleó-Perez AV, Pinazo-Durán MD. Oxidative Stress Mediates Epigenetic Modifications and the Expression of miRNAs and Genes Related to Apoptosis in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 38202081 PMCID: PMC10780047 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on the underlying mechanisms and molecular targets for managing the ocular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains incomplete. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of irreversible visual disability worldwide. By using ophthalmological and molecular-genetic approaches, we gathered specific information to build a data network for deciphering the crosslink of oxidative stress (OS) and apoptosis (AP) processes, as well as to identify potential epigenetic modifications related to noncoding RNAs in the eyes of patients with T2DM. A total of 120 participants were recruited, being classified into two groups: individuals with T2MD (T2MDG, n = 67), divided into a group of individuals with (+DR, n = 49) and without (-DR, n = 18) DR, and a control group (CG, n = 53). Analyses of compiled data reflected significantly higher plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and significantly lower total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the +DR patients compared with the -DR and the CG groups. Furthermore, the plasma caspase-3 (CAS3), highly involved in apoptosis (AP), showed significantly higher values in the +DR group than in the -DR patients. The microRNAs (miR) hsa-miR 10a-5p and hsa-miR 15b-5p, as well as the genes BCL2L2 and TP53 involved in these pathways, were identified in relation to DR clinical changes. Our data suggest an interaction between OS and the above players in DR pathogenesis. Furthermore, potential miRNA-regulated target genes were identified in relation to DR. In this concern, we may raise new diagnostic and therapeutic challenges that hold the potential to significantly improve managing the diabetic eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Karam-Palos
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Arnau de Vilanova”, 25196 Valencia, Spain
| | - Irene Andrés-Blasco
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
| | - Cristina Campos-Borges
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vicente Zanón-Moreno
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Gallego-Martínez
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor Alegre-Ituarte
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose J. García-Medina
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Morales Meseguer”, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Ginecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology “IOBA”, University of Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Clinic Hospital of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sellés-Navarro
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
- Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Ginecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Reina Sofia”, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Jorge Vila-Arteaga
- Department of Ophthalmology, University and Polyclinic Hospital “La Fé”, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Innova Ocular Vila Clinic, 46004 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio V. Lleó-Perez
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital “Arnau de Vilanova”, 25196 Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria D. Pinazo-Durán
- Ophthalmic Research Unit “Santiago Grisolía”/FISABIO, 46017 Valencia, Spain; (S.K.-P.); (I.A.-B.); (C.C.-B.); (V.A.-I.); (A.V.L.-P.)
- Cellular and Molecular Ophthalmo-Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Net of Research in Inflammatory Diseases and Immunopathology of Organs and Systems “REI-RICORS” RD, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.J.G.-M.); (S.P.-I.); (I.S.-N.)
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