Relationships Between IL-13 and IL-4 Genotypes and Aeroallergens with Risk of Allergic Rhinitis in Iranian-Azeri

Polymorphisms and AR: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an especially common disorder associated with both environmental and genetic factors, and a lot of researchers have attempted to find polymorphisms which predisposed to the disease. We conducted a meta-analysis of the most frequently researched polymorphisms to find those genes which may be susceptible to AR and then may be of value in diagnosis.

Methods: Pubmed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched to screen out eligible studies focusing on the correlation between polymorphisms and AR susceptibility, and then polymorphisms cited in at least 3 studies were selected.

Results: The 142 papers originally selected cited 78 genes. Twelve genes (coinciding with 23 polymorphisms) were reported in more than three papers. Twenty-three polymorphisms were involved in the meta-analysis. Among the 23 polymorphisms, only 4 were found to be related to the risk of AR: IL-13 rs20541, CTLA-4 rs11571302, IL-4R RS1801275 and ACE (I/D). The remaining 19 of the 23 polymorphisms were not associated with AR.

Conclusion: We found polymorphisms that could be used for AR diagnosing and those that were unrelated to AR. This may be the first step in detecting polymorphic combinations susceptible to AR (IL-13 RS20541, CTLA-4 RS11571302, IL-4R RS1801275 and ACE (I/D). In addition, our results may improve AR diagnosis and contribute to the intensive study of AR.

Polymorphic Variants of Interleukin-13 R130Q and Interleukin-4 T589C in Children with and without Cow's Milk Allergy

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most frequent types of food allergy. The aim of the study was to investigate whether IL-13 R130Q and IL-4 T589C polymorphisms are associated with the risk of CMA in young Ukrainian children. A total of 120 children (age range: 1−3 years) participated in the study and were divided into two groups: CMA (n = 60) and healthy controls (CNT, n = 60). The CMA group had two subgroups: specific oral tolerance induction (SOTI, n = 30) and milk elimination diet (MED, n = 30). The CNT group had two subgroups: positive family history of allergy (+FHA, n = 24) and negative family history of allergy (−FHA, n = 36). In the CMA group, molecular genetic testing of CC, CT, and TT genotypes of single nucleotide IL-4 T589C gene polymorphisms showed significantly higher rates of the CC genotype compared to healthy controls (92.2% vs. 58.8%; p < 0.01). In the CMA group, molecular genetic testing of GG, GA, and AA genotypes of single nucleotide IL-13 R130Q gene polymorphisms showed significantly higher rates of GA and AA polymorphic locus genotypes compared to healthy controls (43.5% vs. 22.4%, p < 0.05 and 8.7% vs. 0%, p < 0.05, respectively). In future studies, the genotypic and allelic distribution of these polymorphic variants will be determined in children with CMA and healthy children.

IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis

Objective: The relationship between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and the risk of allergic rhinitis is not clear at present. The present study aims to evaluate the exact association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis by a meta-analysis.

Methods: The studies about IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis were searched using PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Wanfang databases. The last search time was on March 1, 2021. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software.

Results: Nine documents were enrolled, from which 1709 patients with allergic rhinitis were included. Among them, six genotype frequencies in the control group conformed to Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The meta-analysis of all included studies showed significant heterogeneity of each gene model. After omitting the studies whose genotype frequency in the control group did not meet the requirements of HWE, no significant heterogeneity was found in each gene model. The meta-analysis results of the control group genotypes in line with the HWE showed statistically significant differences in the pooled odds ratio (OR) of allele model (T vs. C), recessive model (TT vs. TC+CC) and homozygous model (TT vs. CC), which were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.04–1.35), 1.28 (95%CI: 1.06–1.55) and 1.56 (95%CI: 1.13–2.17), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in dominant and heterozygous genetic models.

Conclusion: IL-4 rs2243250 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis, allele T and genotype TT could increase the risk of allergic rhinitis.