Er:YAG Laser Ablation of Plantar Verrucae with Red LED Therapy–Assisted Healing

Laser therapy in cutaneous and genital warts: A review article

Traditional treatment modalities for wart require long-term treatment course and usually have high recurrence rates and unwanted side effects. In this review article, we evaluated different types of laser therapy in the treatment of warts. Published articles since 2000 up to July 2020 about laser therapy in genital and non-genital warts were searched and assessed. Fifty articles were selected for the final review, including 22 pulsed dye laser (PDL), 10 neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG), 3 erbium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er: YAG), 14 carbon dioxide (CO₂ ) laser and one systematic review. Complete response rates were different in terms of laser type used (0%-100%, 9.1%-100%, 83.3%-100%, and 59.15%-100% for PDL, Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, and CO₂ laser, respectively). There was no significant difference between conventional treatment modalities and laser therapy regarding efficacy and recurrence rate. Combination of lasers with keratolytic agents, immunomodulators and photodynamic therapy can be helpful especially in immunosuppressed patients, refractory, and recurrent lesions. PDL has the lowest occurrence of adverse effects relative to other types of lasers.

Efficacy of phototherapy to treat facial ageing when using a red versus an amber LED: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

INTRODUCTION

The skin undergoes morphological and physiological changes with the advancing age of an individual. These changes may be caused by intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to cellular ageing and consequent skin ageing. The term photoageing is used to characterise the ageing of the skin caused by solar radiation. Clinically, the skin becomes more flaccid, thicker and hyperpigmented, while there is an early appearance of wrinkles and other skin changes, such as skin cancer. Nowadays, there are numerous treatments for ageing skin, and one of them is with the use of phototherapy, which uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The objective of this study will be to evaluate the percentages of reduction in the volume of periocular wrinkles when treated with red and amber LEDs.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

All of the participants will receive photobiomodulation to treat their periocular wrinkles. They will be using red and amber LEDs, with one colour being used on each hemiface. The facial side to be treated with each colour will be randomised. After an interval of 180 days, the participants will receive a cross-treatment. The primary variable of the study is the volume of periocular wrinkles (crow's feet), which will be measured by a VisioFace equipment. The secondary variables are elasticity (measured by Cutometer) and hydration (measured by Corneometer). Quality of life and self-assessment of the participants will be measured using the adapted Melasma Quality of Life scale - Brazilian Portuguese adaption (MelasQoL-BP) and Skindex-29 questionnaires. All of the variables will be measured before and after a group of 10 sessions.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Nove de Julho University (acceptance number: 2.550.732). This trial has been registered in the Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry) (REBEC number: RBR-6YFCBM). This study is not recruiting yet.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER

RBR6YFCBM; Pre-results.

Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of led (λ627 ± 10 nm) on the initial phase of ankle sprain treatment: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial

Various therapies for the treatment of sprains have emerged as advances occur in biomedical engineering and photobiology. Therapy with coherent and non-coherent light is a treatment modality for various musculoskeletal injuries. The main certified phototherapy benefits are the reduction of nociceptive processes and the modulation of the inflammatory process, among others. The objective of this study was to analyse the changes caused by the use of light-emitting diodes (LED) (λ627 ± 10 nm) with an energy density of 10 J/cm² in 40 subjects divided into two groups (20 placebo and 20 LED). All of the volunteers had acute ankle sprains by inversion of grade II treated with the PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression and elevation) technique and were treated for 6 days with LED therapy and LED therapy turned off (placebo). Pain assessment was performed on the 1st, 3rd and 6th days using the visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, the McGill Pain Questionnaire and volumetry. The group treated with LED showed statistically decreased pain compared to the placebo group in both the VAS (85.79 vs 55.73%) and McGill questionnaire (83.33 vs 52.52%). The reduction of oedema in the LED group on the 3rd and 6th days after therapy was statistically superior to that in the placebo (p < 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, treatment with LED, using the tested dose, is effective for pain and oedema in the initial phase of ankle sprains.

Assessing the biochemical changes of tendons of rats in an experimental model of tenotomy under therapeutic ultrasound and LEDs (625 and 945 nm) by near-infrared Raman spectroscopy

Given the complexity of the tendon repair process, where the neoformed scar tissue tends to prevent or hamper the tendon from performing its normal functions, ultrasound (US) and light-emitting diode (LED) devices have been applied to modulate the tendon repair process. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory and healing effects of therapeutic US and LED in an experimental model of tenotomy using histomorphometry and Raman spectroscopy. Forty Wistar rats (235 ± 8.3 g) were separated into four groups: tenotomy (TC; control), tenotomy associated with ultrasound (US; 1 MHz, 0.5 W/cm(2)), tenotomy associated with LED at 625 nm (LR; 4 J/cm(2)), and tenotomy associated with LED at 945 nm (LIR; 4 J/cm(2)), in two experimental periods of 7 and 14 days. Histomorphometry showed a decrease of inflammatory cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes) for the group treated with US compared to the TC group (ANOVA, p < 0.0001) and the LIR group compared to the TC group (p < 0.05) at the seventh day, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect. In relation to the LR and TC groups, there was no significant difference. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the LR group presented an increased synthesis of collagen I compared to the other treatments and the TC groups on the 14th day (p < 0.01). US therapy showed an adjuvant effect with anti-inflammatory action, and the LED therapy at 625 nm showed an increase in collagen synthesis, contributing to the process of tendon healing.

Effects of low-power LED and therapeutic ultrasound in the tissue healing and inflammation in a tendinitis experimental model in rats

This work evaluated the anti-inflammatory response of low-power light-emitting diode (LED) and ultrasound (US) therapies and the quality and rapidness of tendon repair in an experimental model of tendinitis, employing histomorphometry and Raman spectroscopy. Tendinitis was induced by collagenase into the right tendon of 35 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 230 g. The animals were randomly separated into seven groups of five animals each: tendinitis without treatment-control (TD7 and TD14, where 1 and 2 indicated sacrifice on the 7th and 14th day, respectively), tendinitis submitted to US therapy (US7 and US14) and tendinitis submitted to LED therapy (LED7 and LED14). Contralateral tendons of the TD group at the 14th day were used as the healthy group (H). US treatment was applied in pulsed mode at 10 %, 1 MHz frequency, 0.5 W/cm(2), 120 s. LED therapy parameters were 4 J/cm(2), 120 s, daily dose at the same time and same point. Sacrifice was performed on the 7th or 14th day. Histomorphometric analysis showed lower number of fibroblasts on the 14th day of therapy for the US-treated group, compared to the TD and LED, indicating lower tissue inflammation. Raman showed that the LED group had an increase in the amount of collagen I and III from the 7th to the 14th day, which would indicate more organized fibers and a better quality of the healing, and US showed lower collagen I synthesis in the 14th day compared to H, indicating a lower tissue reorganization.

Dermaplaning, topical oxygen, and photodynamic therapy: a systematic review of the literature

BACKGROUND

Noninvasive procedures for facial rejuvenation are becoming an increasingly popular component of a comprehensive skin care regimen. Concurrently, many new treatment methods are now available to both the plastic surgeon and the aesthetician. Because these techniques have become an integral part of many cosmetic practices, this study aimed to assess the existing evidence-based literature as to their clinical efficacy; to provide an objective overview of some of the most popular noninvasive rejuvenation strategies such as dermaplaning, oxygen therapy, and light therapy; to discuss recent pertinent scientific evidence-based literature; and to provide treatment recommendations based on these findings.

METHODS

A systematic review was performed in August 2009 using PubMed and the following keywords: "dermaplaning," "oxygen therapy," and "light therapy." All peer-reviewed articles then were screened independently by three plastic surgeons.

RESULTS

The search identified 42 English-written, peer-reviewed manuscripts. The overall amount of scientific data supporting these methods was found to be scarce, anecdotal, and not well documented. Nevertheless, all three noninvasive therapies have become increasingly popular in the cosmetic market because many patients and physicians or surgeons report being pleased with their results.

CONCLUSION

Although the evidence supporting these nonsurgical methods is suboptimal, their uses continue to expand. As with any plastic surgery procedure, providing patients with realistic expectations is essential to achieving optimal outcomes and patient satisfaction. Therefore, critical investigation is warranted. In addition, these methods are most effective when included within a comprehensive skin care regimen consisting of sunscreen, vitamin therapy, and lifestyle modification.