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Mohseni-Dargah M, Falahati Z, Pastras C, Khajeh K, Mukherjee P, Razmjou A, Stefani S, Asadnia M. Meniere's disease: Pathogenesis, treatments, and emerging approaches for an idiopathic bioenvironmental disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:116972. [PMID: 37648189 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Meniere's disease (MD) is a severe inner ear condition known by debilitating symptoms, including spontaneous vertigo, fluctuating and progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness or pressure within the affected ear. Prosper Meniere first described the origins of MD in the 1860s, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive today. Nevertheless, researchers have identified a key histopathological feature called Endolymphatic Hydrops (ELH), which refers to the excessive buildup of endolymph fluid in the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear. The exact root of ELH is not fully understood. Still, it is believed to involve several biological and bioenvironmental etiological factors such as genetics, autoimmunity, infection, trauma, allergy, and new theories, such as saccular otoconia blocking the endolymphatic duct and sac. Regarding treatment, there are no reliable and definitive cures for MD. Most therapies focus on managing symptoms and improving the overall quality of patients' life. To make significant advancements in addressing MD, it is crucial to gain a fundamental understanding of the disease process, laying the groundwork for more effective therapeutic approaches. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology of MD with a focus on old and recent theories. Current treatment strategies and future translational approaches (with low-level evidence but promising results) related to MD are also discussed, including patents, drug delivery, and nanotechnology, that may provide future benefits to patients suffering from MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mohseni-Dargah
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Falahati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
| | - Christopher Pastras
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; The Meniere's Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Khosro Khajeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payal Mukherjee
- RPA Institute of Academic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amir Razmjou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sebastian Stefani
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mohsen Asadnia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Tkach AV, Kutia SA, Tkach VV. [Anatomical and clinical characteristics of the chorda tympani]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:113-117. [PMID: 37966449 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123101113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The article presents information about the applied and clinical anatomy of the chorda tympani. Brief information is given about the history of its discovery, embryonic and postnatal development, features of anatomy, topography and morphology. The clinical aspects of the lesion and methods of studying the function of the chorda tympani are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Tkach
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - S A Kutia
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - V V Tkach
- Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
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Wang SJ, Yang H, Yao YY, Gu HY, Lin LL, Zhang C, Luo J. The Clinical Benefit of Device Therapy for Meniere's Disease in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 15:121-129. [PMID: 31058601 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2019.5937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the clinical benefit of device therapy on controlling the symptoms of Meniere's disease (MD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data before January 13, 2018. We selected randomized controlled clinical trials, case-controlled studies, and cohort studies that dealt with outcomes of device therapy for the treatment of MD. RESULTS Sixteen trials met our inclusion criteria. The use of device therapy resulted in improved vertigo control, which was described as a reduction in the number of vertigo days by month (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.00-4.31), in the number of vertigo episodes by month (WMD: 7.37, 95% CI: 2.40-12.35), and in the vertigo visual analog score (WMD: 41.51, 95% CI: 34.68-48.34). In addition, the overall complete vertigo control (class A) rate was 50% (95% CI: 37%-64%). The device therapy also reduced the number of sick days by month (WMD: 4.56, 95% CI: 2.15-6.97), and the functional level improved (WMD: 2.66, 95% CI: 2.15-3.17). The electrocochleographic parameters decreased. The device therapy proved beneficial for hearing changes (WMD: 3.19, 95% CI: 0.66-5.71). No publication bias was found in the funnel plot and the results of Egger's test. CONCLUSION This study showed that the device therapy might reduce vertigo attacks and sick days in patients with MD. Additionally, the function level and hearing level may improve after the device therapy. In addition, the decrease in electrocochleographic parameters showed that inner ear electrophysiology improved after device therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jia Wang
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Hui-Yun Gu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Lu-Lu Lin
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Shiyan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurology, Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
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Montazeri K, Mahmoudian S, Razaghi Z, Farhadi M. Alterations in Auditory Electrophysiological Responses Associated With Temporary Suppression of Tinnitus Induced by Low-Level Laser Therapy: A Before-After Case Series. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 8:S38-S45. [PMID: 29071034 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2017.s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tinnitus is the phantom auditory perception of sound in the absence of an external or internal acoustic stimulus. The treatment is difficult due to multiple etiologies and great psychological influence. The purpose of this study was to determine alterations in auditory physiological and electrophysiological responses associated with temporary suppression of tinnitus induced by low-level laser (LLL) irradiation. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 subjects with subjective tinnitus. All subjects signed the informed consent form and satisfied all the study eligibility criteria. Visual analog scale (VAS) for loudness, loudness matching of tinnitus (LMT), pitch matching of tinnitus (PMT), Persian-tinnitus questionnaire (P-TQ) and Persian-tinnitus handicap inventory (P-THI) were conducted pre- and post-low level laser therapy (LLLT) for all the subjects. Electrocochleography (ECochG) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were recorded in 11 subjects. Continuous wave diode lasers, including red (630 nm) and infra-red (808 nm) were applied, and were both designed by the Canadian Optic and Laser (COL) Center. Twelve sessions of laser therapy were performed, 2 sessions per week for each subject. Total dose was 120 Joule/ ear/session. Results: LLL irradiation could cause a significant decrease in subjective tests scores consisting of VAS for loudness, PMT, P-TQ, P-THI, but did not result in a significant improvement of objective evaluating parameters except for compound action potential (CAP) amplitude. Conclusion: LLLT might be a subjectively effective treatment for short-term improvement of tinnitus. Defining a new protocol for optimizing LLLT parameters may be an option to improve parameters of objective tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Montazeri
- Laboratory for Auditory Neuroscience, ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mahmoudian
- Laboratory for Auditory Neuroscience, ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center (LAMSRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farhadi
- Laboratory for Auditory Neuroscience, ENT and Head & Neck Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tamura A, Matsunobu T, Mizutari K, Niwa K, Kurioka T, Kawauchi S, Satoh S, Hiroi S, Satoh Y, Nibuya M, Tamura R, Shiotani A. Low-level laser therapy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss in rats. Neurosci Lett 2015; 595:81-6. [PMID: 25797186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is neuroprotective, but the mechanism of this effect is not fully understood. In this study, the use of LLLT as a novel treatment for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to intense noise and their right ears were irradiated with an 808nm diode laser at an output power density of 110 or 165mW/cm(2) for a 30min period for 5 consecutive days. Measurement of the auditory brainstem response revealed an accelerated recovery of auditory function in the groups treated with LLLT compared with the non-treatment group at days 2, 4, 7 and 14 after noise exposure. Morphological observations also revealed a significantly higher outer hair cell survival rate in the LLLT groups. Immunohistochemical analyses for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cleaved caspase-3 were used to examine oxidative stress and apoptosis. Strong immunoreactivities were observed in the inner ear tissues of the non-treatment group, whereas these signals were decreased in the LLLT group at 165mW/cm(2) power density. Our findings suggest that LLLT has cytoprotective effects against NIHL via the inhibition of iNOS expression and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunobu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan.
| | - Kunio Mizutari
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Katsuki Niwa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kurioka
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Shunichi Satoh
- Division of Biomedical Information Sciences, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Hiroi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Masashi Nibuya
- Department of Psychiatry, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Risa Tamura
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
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Goodman SS, Bentler RA, Dittberner A, Mertes IB. The effect of low-level laser therapy on hearing. ISRN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2013; 2013:916370. [PMID: 24024040 PMCID: PMC3658388 DOI: 10.1155/2013/916370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
One purported use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is to promote healing in damaged cells. The effects of LLLT on hearing loss and tinnitus have received some study, but results have been equivocal. The purpose of this study was to determine if LLLT improved hearing, speech understanding, and/or cochlear function in adults with hearing loss. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, subjects were assigned to a treatment, placebo, or control group. The treatment group was given LLLT, which consisted of shining low-level lasers onto the outer ear, head, and neck. Each laser treatment lasted approximately five minutes. Three treatments were applied within the course of one week. A battery of auditory tests was administered immediately before the first treatment and immediately after the third treatment. The battery consisted of pure-tone audiometry, the Connected Speech Test, and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions. Data were analyzed by comparing pre- and posttest results. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for any of the auditory tests. Additionally, no clinically significant differences were found in any individual subjects. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01820416).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn S. Goodman
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ruth A. Bentler
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Ian B. Mertes
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 1, 2010.Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness, and tinnitus or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of surgical modalities, of varying levels of invasiveness, have been developed to reduce the symptoms of Ménière's disease, but it is not clear whether or not these are effective. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of surgical options for the treatment of Ménière's disease. All surgical interventions used in the treatment of Ménière's disease, either to alter the natural history of the disease or to abolish vestibular function, were considered for this review. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 7 November 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled studies of a surgical modality versus a placebo therapy in Ménière's disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for further information. MAIN RESULTS The only surgical intervention which has been evaluated in randomised controlled trials and met the inclusion criteria was endolymphatic sac surgery. We identified two randomised trials, involving a total of 59 patients; one comparing endolymphatic sac surgery with ventilation tubes and one with simple mastoidectomy. Neither study reported any beneficial effect of surgery either in comparison to placebo surgery or grommet insertion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The two trials included in this review provide insufficient evidence of the beneficial effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in Ménière's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Pullens
- University Medical Centre UtrechtENT SurgeryHeidelberglaan 100UtrechtNetherlands3584 CX
| | - Hendrik P Verschuur
- Medical Center HaaglandenDepartment of OtolaryngologyWesteindeLijnbaan 32The HagueNetherlands2501 CK
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Salahaldin AH, Abdulhadi K, Najjar N, Bener A. Low-level laser therapy in patients with complaints of tinnitus: a clinical study. ISRN OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2012; 2012:132060. [PMID: 23724264 PMCID: PMC3658799 DOI: 10.5402/2012/132060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in treating patients who were suffering from long-term complaints of tinnitus with well-understood etiology and who were not responding to conventional therapy in Qatar. Design. This is a prospective clinical study conducted during the period from May 2010 and February 2011. Setting. Audiology Clinic, Outpatient Department, Hamad General Hospital. Subjects and Methods. The study included 65 patients aged 15–76 years with chronic unilateral or bilateral tinnitus with a minimum duration of illness of one year. The investigation included 101 ears of 65 patients. A 5 mW laser with a wavelength of 650 nm was applied transmeatally for 20 minutes once daily for 3 months. The study was based on a face-to-face interview with a designed questionnaire that recorded the diagnosis of patients, clinical evaluation and audiometric test results, and side effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and scored their symptoms loudness on five-point scale every two weeks. A decrease of one scale point regarding the loudness duration and degree of annoyance of tinnitus was accepted to represent an improvement; at the same time, a pure tone audiometric test was carried out and the results recorded. In addition, a record of the side effect was taken. Results. Over half of the patients (56.9%) had some form of improvement in their tinnitus symptoms. Mild improvement was reported in 33.8% of patients, moderate improvement was reported in 16.9%, and full improvement was reported in 6.15%. Of the patients who reported dizzy spells as a symptom of their tinnitus condition, 27.7% reported mild improvement and 16.9% reported full improvement. Common side effects of LLLT were noted among 20% of patients; however, all of them were mild and disappeared within a few days. Conclusion. Low-level laser therapy was found to be useful for treatment of chronic tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Salahaldin
- ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department, Audiology and Balance Unit, Rumaillah Hospital and Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Yıldırım G, Berkiten G, Uğraş H, Saltürk Z. Changes in Audiometry Results Following
Laser Therapy for Tinnitus. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/82757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lukowicz M, Zalewski P, Bulatowicz I, Buszko K, Klawe JJ. The impact of laser irradiation on global stability in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency: a clinical report. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17:CR517-22. [PMID: 21873949 PMCID: PMC3560514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.881939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether laser stimulation can improve microcirculation in the posterior regions of the brain in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI). Material/Methods We studied 25 patients (20 female, 5 male, mean age 64) diagnosed with chronic VBI. All were evaluated using the De Klyn test, followed by qualitative assessment of stability using a Berg Balance Scale and evaluation of global stability using an electronic balance platform. A CTL-1100 low power laser was used with standard parameters. We established a protocol for laser irradiation at 5 points along the vertebral artery in the cervical region bilaterally. Irradiation was performed 10 times over two weeks. Results Significant improvement occurred after therapy in headache (p=0.0005), vertigo (p<0.0000), and tinnitus (p=0.0387). No significant differences were observed in nausea or nystagmus caused by head rotation. The Berg Balance Scale results showed significant differences in almost all features. There was a tendency towards improved stability in all parameters, and statistically significant differences in the total surface of support and the spread surface of support for the left foot. Conclusions Laser stimulation as applied in this study can be useful in the treatment of patients with VBI. The main reason for improvement in global stability, balance, and other VBI symptoms is better blood perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Lukowicz
- Department of Laser Therapy and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum-Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness, and tinnitus or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of surgical modalities, of varying levels of invasiveness, have been developed to reduce the symptoms of Ménière's disease, but it is not clear whether or not these are effective. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of surgical options for the treatment of Ménière's disease. All surgical interventions used in the treatment of Ménière's disease, either to alter the natural history of the disease or to abolish vestibular function, were considered for this review. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group Trials Register; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; BIOSIS Previews; Cambridge Scientific Abstracts; mRCT and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the most recent search was 25 February 2009. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled studies of a surgical modality versus a placebo therapy in Ménière's disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Study authors were contacted for further information. MAIN RESULTS The only surgical intervention which has been evaluated in randomised controlled trials and met the inclusion criteria was endolymphatic sac surgery. We identified two randomised trials, involving a total of 59 patients; one comparing endolymphatic sac surgery with ventilation tubes and one with simple mastoidectomy. Neither study reported any beneficial effect of surgery either in comparison to placebo surgery or grommet insertion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The two trials included in this review provide insufficient evidence of the beneficial effect of endolymphatic sac surgery in Ménière's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Pullens
- ENT Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584 CX
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 17:412-8. [PMID: 19755872 DOI: 10.1097/moo.0b013e3283318f24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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