1
|
Zhong Q, Zhou Q, Xiao T, Li X, Xu W, Li Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Zhou Z, Wong HM, Li QL. Er:YAG Laser Physical Etching and Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Cross-Linked Sodium Polyacrylate Chemical Etching for a Reliable Dentin Dry Bonding. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:39127-39142. [PMID: 37565782 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Dentin bond interface stability is the key issue of dental adhesion in present clinical dentistry. The concept of selective extrafibrillar demineralization has opened a new way to maintain intrafibrillar minerals to prevent interface degradation. Here, using ultra-high-molecular-weight sodium polyacrylate [Carbopol (Carbo) > 40 kDa] as a calcium chelator, we challenge this concept and propose a protocol for reliable dentin dry bonding. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed periodic bands of 67 nm dentin collagen fibrils after Carbo etching, and the hydroxyproline concentration increasing with prolonged chelating time denied the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization. The results that wet and dry bonding with Carbo-based demineralization produced a weaker bond strength than the traditional phosphoric acid wet adhesion suggested that the Carbo-based demineralization is an unreliable adhesion strategy. A novel protocol of Er:YAG laser physical etching followed by Carbo chemical etching for dentin adhesion revealed that a micro-/nano-level rough, rigid, and non-collagen exposed dentin surface was produced, the micro-tensile bond strength was maintained after aging under dry and wet bonding modes, and in situ zymography and nanoleakage within the hybrid layers presented lower signals after aging. Cell culture in vitro and a rabbit deep dentin adhesion model in vivo proved that this protocol is safe and biocompatible. Taken together, the concept of extrafibrillar demineralization is limited and insufficient to use in the clinic. The strategy of Er:YAG laser physical etching followed by Carbo chemical etching for dentin adhesion produces a bonding effect with reliability, durability, and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Tao
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Leping Wu
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- School of Dentistry, University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan 48208-2576, United States
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Quan-Li Li
- Key Lab. of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Stomatology, Longgang Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui Q, Wei M, Xiong Z, Hu S, Jiang J, Wang L, Cheng T, Wu X, Jiang H. Effects of Dentin Ablation by a Q-Switching Er:YSGG Laser with a High Pulse Repetition Rate. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 39:390-394. [PMID: 33297822 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the characteristics of dentin ablation with a high pulse repetition rate Q-switching 2.79 μm laser. Materials and methods: Dentin was ablated using a homemade Q-switching Er:YSGG laser with a high pulse repetition rate. Er:YSGG radiation was applied with a pulse energy of 1 or 10 mJ for 100 or 3 Hz pulse repetition rate, respectively. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microstructures of dentin samples after ablation. Teeth were irradiated in vitro with a 100 Hz pulse repetition rate under two different modes: free running and Q-switching. A thermocouple was applied to measure the temperature in the pulp cavity during ablation. Results: A 100 or 3 Hz Q-switching laser was used to irradiate dentin for 30 and 100 sec, respectively. There was no significant difference in ablation mass loss between the two conditions. The SEM photographs showed more dentinal tubules and no damage in the ablation area when using the 100 Hz Q-switching laser. The temperature of the pulp cavity was maintained below 41°C when using a Q-switching laser. Conclusions: The Q-switching Er:YSGG laser with a high pulse repetition rate exhibited greater ablation efficiency and better morphology than the low pulse repetition rate Q-switching laser. The experimental results also demonstrate the significant advantage of the Q-switching laser over free-running lasers for protecting dental pulp tissue. The Q-switching Er:YSGG laser with a high pulse repetition rate is expected to become an efficient new dental tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Cui
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mengen Wei
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengdong Xiong
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuwu Hu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiantao Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tingqing Cheng
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianyou Wu
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Haihe Jiang
- Chinese Academy of Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei, China.,Science Island Branch of Graduate School, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Badreddine AH, Couitt S, Donovan J, Cantor-Balan R, Kerbage C, Rechmann P. Demineralization Inhibition by High-Speed Scanning of 9.3 µm CO 2 Single Laser Pulses Over Enamel. Lasers Surg Med 2020; 53:703-712. [PMID: 33161599 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the use of an automated system for high-speed scanning of single 9.3 µm CO2 laser pulses in the inhibition of caries-like lesion formation in the enamel of extracted human molars. The effect of the laser in generating an acid-resistant layer and the effect of the layer on inhibiting surface mineral loss during pH cycling was explored. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser irradiation was performed with fluences of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 J/cm2 for single pulses of 1 mm diameter (1/e2 ), with pulse durations of 17, 22, and 27 microseconds, respectively. The laser was scanned at a 750 Hz pulse repetition rate in an automated pattern covering an area of 7 mm2 in 0.3 sec. Six treatment groups were investigated: three groups for each fluence for laser-only and three for laser irradiation with additional fluoride from a toothpaste slurry (sodium fluoride at 1100 ppm). Each group used non-irradiated areas, which included untreated controls for the laser-only groups and a fluoride-only treatment for the groups with additional fluoride. pH cycling was performed on both groups, followed by microhardness testing to determine the relative mineral loss (∆Z) from a caries-like formation and surface mineral loss (∆S). RESULTS Laser irradiation with the 9.3 µm CO2 laser generated an acid-resistant layer of about 15 µm in depth. For the laser-irradiated samples with additional fluoride application, the relative mineral loss (∆Z) was 113 ± 63 vol%-µm, while for those with only fluoride application ∆Z was 572 ± 172 vol%-µm. At the highest fluence (1.0 J/cm2 ) used, an 80.2% inhibition of caries-like lesion was measured by ∆Z. Using only laser irradiation at the highest fluence resulted in an inhibition of caries-like lesion of 79.5% for the irradiated samples (∆Z = 374 ± 149 vol%-µm) relative to the control (∆Z = 1826 ± 325 vol%-µm). Surface microhardness tests resulted in an inhibition of surface softening, as measured by the Knoop Hardness Value (KHN) (108 ± 33 KHN for laser irradiated with additional fluoride, for non-irradiated controls with fluoride only 52 ± 16 KHN). Inhibition of surface loss was observed for all laser fluences, but the maximum surface loss for the untreated control group was only 2.2 ± 0.49 µm. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate a significant benefit of the 9.3 µm CO2 laser at fluences of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 J/cm2 in caries-like lesion inhibition as measured by the relative mineral loss in depth and surface mineral loss, without significant damage to the enamel. Additionally, inhibition of surface softening and surface loss during pH cycling was observed. The surface loss was small compared with the overall lesion depth and thickness of the generated acid-resistant layer. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Badreddine
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Stephen Couitt
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Julia Donovan
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Roni Cantor-Balan
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Charles Kerbage
- Convergent Dental, Inc., 140 Kendrick St Bldg C3, Needham, Massachusetts, 02494
| | - Peter Rechmann
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California, 94143
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jain S, Mathur S, Jhingan P, Sachdev V. Evaluation of temperature rise and efficacy of cavity disinfection with diode laser: An in vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2020; 22:583-587. [PMID: 33088070 PMCID: PMC7542083 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_78_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Management of caries using minimally invasive dentistry is prevalent in dentistry today. A newer technology is to disinfect/sterilize caries in depth of the dental tissue with diode laser. However, to have a bactericidal effect, increased energy density of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (LASER) may be required which in turn may lead to higher thermal load causing harmful effects on vital pulpal tissue. Aims The aim was to evaluate temperature rise and efficacy of cavity disinfection with diode laser. Materials and Methods Twenty permanent molar teeth with dentinal caries were randomly assigned into two groups on the basis of LASER irradiation: Group 1 - at 1 W, Group 2 - at 2 W. The elevation of subsurface temperature during irradiation was measured using thermocouples positioned in the center of a prepared cavity. Dentinal samples were collected before and after disinfection of the cavity. These samples were subjected to microbiological evaluation for Streptococcus mutans on Mutans-Sanguis agar and Lactobacilli on Rogosa agar. Statistical Analysis Log transformed "t"-test and paired "t"-test were used for the statistical analysis. Results Although the reduction in microbial count revealed insignificant difference at two different wattages, the rise in temperature with 1 W was less than that with 2 W. Conclusion Efficacy of 1 W and 2 W is similar, but 1 W causes less thermal changes, thus, 1 W is recommended over 2 W.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Jain
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivani Mathur
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pulkit Jhingan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zarpellon DC, Runnacles P, Maucoski C, Coelho U, Rueggeberg FA, Arrais CAG. Controlling In Vivo, Human Pulp Temperature Rise Caused by LED Curing Light Exposure. Oper Dent 2019; 44:235-241. [DOI: 10.2341/17-364-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effectiveness of air spray to reduce pulp temperature rise during exposure of intact premolars to light emitted by a high-power LED light-curing unit (LCU).
Methods and Materials:
After local Ethics Committee approval (#255945), intact, upper first premolars requiring extraction for orthodontic reasons from five volunteers received infiltrative and intraligamental anesthesia. The teeth (n=9) were isolated using rubber dam, and a minute pulp exposure was attained. The sterile probe from a wireless, NIST-traceable, temperature acquisition system was inserted directly into the coronal pulp chamber. Real-time pulp temperature (PT) (°C) was continuously monitored, while the buccal surface was exposed to a polywave LED LCU (Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent) for 30 seconds with simultaneous application of a lingually directed air spray (30s-H/AIR) or without (30s-H), with a seven-minute span between each exposure. Peak PT values were subjected to one-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and PT change from baseline (ΔT) during exposure was subjected to paired Student's t-test (α=0.05).
Results:
Peak PT values of the 30s-H group were significantly higher than those of 30s-H/AIR group and those from baseline temperature (p<0.001), whereas peak PT values in the 30s-H/AIR group were significantly lower than the baseline temperature (p=0.003). The 30s-H/AIR group showed significantly lower ΔT values than did the 30s-H group (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Applying air flow simultaneously with LED exposure prevents in vivo pulp temperature rise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- DC Zarpellon
- Driellen Christine Zarpellon, DDS, MS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - P Runnacles
- Patricio Runnacles, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - C Maucoski
- Cristiane Maucoski, DDS, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - U Coelho
- Ulisses Coelho, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - FA Rueggeberg
- Frederick Allen Rueggeberg, DDS, MS, Dental Materials Section, Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - CAG Arrais
- Cesar Augusto Galvao Arrais, DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Trevelin LT, da Silva BTF, de Freitas PM, Matos AB. Influence of Er:YAG laser pulse duration on the long-term stability of organic matrix and resin-dentin interface. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1391-1399. [PMID: 30762196 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of Er:YAG laser irradiation with different pulse durations on the organic matrix, micromorphology of the hybrid layer (HL), and bond strength over time. Sixty caries-free human molars were cut to obtain flat dentin surfaces which were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (not irradiated-G1) and laser groups (80 mJ/2 Hz) with pulse duration ranging between 50 (G2), 300 (G3), and 600 μs (G4). A self-etch adhesive system (Universal 3M ESPE) was applied on pre-treated dentin surfaces and cylinders of resin composite were built up and stressed in a universal testing machine (μSBS) at 24 h and after12 months (n = 12). In addition, 3 other dentin-bonded specimens were prepared as previously described for each group with the adhesive doped with 0.1 wt% Rhodamine B to analyze hybrid layer morphology under Confocal Laser Microscope Scanning (CLMS). Organic matrix and collagen fibrils were analyzed by second harmonic generation (SGH). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test detected significantly higher μSBS values for the control group, whereas the lower values were observed in all laser groups at 24 h (p < 0.05). Storage in artificial saliva did not reduce μSBS in all groups. The low signal emitted by SHG images below the irradiated area demonstrated thermal damage of the collagen matrix. CLMS images of laser groups exhibited thicker and irregular resin-dentin interfaces than the control group. Regardless of the pulse duration, Er:YAG laser pre-treatment altered the organic matrix and HL formation which resulted in low μSBS values at 24 h. The alterations on dentin's organic structure did not jeopardize the μSBS after 1 year of saliva storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Tosi Trevelin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Cruzeiro do Sul, Av. Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, São Paulo, SP, 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Togoro Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moreira de Freitas
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Umana M, Heysselaer D, Tielemans M, Compere P, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Dentinal tubules sealing by means of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm): a preliminary in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:307-14. [PMID: 23756100 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on dentinal surfaces of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) at different parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four caries-free human impacted wisdom teeth were used. The crowns were sectioned transversely in order to expose the dentin. The smear layer was removed by a 1 min application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each surface was divided into four quadrants irradiated at a different output power setting for each kind of laser: 0.8, 1, 1.6, and 2 W (energy densities: 2547, 3184, 5092, and 6366 J/cm(2), irradiation speed 1 mm/sec; optical fiber diameter: 200 μm; continuous and noncontact mode). Half of the samples were stained with a graphite paste. All specimens were sent for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Pulp temperature increases in additional 20 teeth were measured by a thermocouple. RESULTS Diode laser irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W led to occlusion or narrowing of dentin tubules without provoking fissures or cracks. The application of graphite paste increased the thermal effects in dentin. Measurements of pulp temperature showed that irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W for a period of 10 sec in continuous mode increased pulp temperature (T ≤2°C). CONCLUSIONS Diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) used at 0.8 and 1 W for 10 sec in continuous mode were able to seal the dentin tubules. These parameters can be considered harmless for pulp vitality, and may be effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Umana
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Quai Godfroid Kurth, Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hubbezoglu I, Unal M, Zan R, Hurmuzlu F. Temperature rises during application of Er:YAG laser under different primary dentin thicknesses. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:201-5. [PMID: 23480272 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effects of the Er:YAG laser's different pulse repetition rates on temperature rise under various primary dentin thicknesses. BACKGROUND DATA The Er:YAG laser can be used for restorative approaches in clinics and is used to treat dental caries. There are some reports that explain the temperature rise effect of the Er:YAG laser. Recently, the Er:YAG laser has been found to play an important role in temperature rises during the application on dentin. METHODS Caries-free primary mandibular molars were prepared to obtain dentin discs with 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm thicknesses (n=10). These discs were placed between the Teflon mold cylinders of a temperature test apparatus. We preferred three pulse repetition rates of 10, 15, and 20 Hz with an energy density of 12.7 J/cm2 and a 230 μs pulse duration. All dentin discs were irradiated for 30 sec by the Er:YAG laser. Temperature rises were recorded using an L-type thermocouple and universal data loggers/scanners (E-680, Elimko Co., Turkey). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS Whereas the lowest temperature rise (0.44±0.09 °C) was measured from a 10 Hz pulse repetition rate at a dentin thickness of 2 mm, the highest temperature rise (3.86±0.43 °C) was measured from a 20 Hz pulse repetition rate at a 0.5 mm dentin thickness. CONCLUSIONS Temperature rise did not reach critical value for pulpal injury in any primary dentin thicknesses irradiated by a high repetition rate of the Er:YAG laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Hubbezoglu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
ZHU YJ, XU F, SU JH, ZHOU H, LU TJ. MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE PREDICTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF TOOTH THERMAL PAIN: A REVIEW. J MECH MED BIOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519411004095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tooth pain, especially tooth thermal pain, is one of the most important symptoms and signs in dental clinic and daily life. As a special sensation, pain has been studied extensively in both clinic and experimental research aimed at reducing or eliminating the possible negative effects of pain. Unfortunately, the full underlying mechanism of pain is still unclear, because the pain could be influenced by many factors, including physiological, psychological, physical, chemical, and biological factors and so on. Besides, most studies on pain mechanisms in the literature are based on skin pain sensation and only few are based on tooth pain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on both neurophysiology of tooth pain mechanism, and corresponding thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical behaviors of teeth. We also describe a multiscale modeling approach for quantifying tooth thermal pain by integrating the mathematic methods of engineering into the neuroscience. The mathematical model of tooth thermal pain will enable better understanding of thermal pain mechanism and optimization of existing diagnosis and treatment in dental clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y. J. ZHU
- Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - F. XU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - J. H. SU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - H. ZHOU
- Stomatological Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, P. R. China
| | - T. J. LU
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Comparison of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser with a chemical vapour deposition bur and conventional techniques for cavity preparation: a microleakage study. Lasers Med Sci 2010; 27:23-9. [PMID: 20842517 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-010-0833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser using chemical vapour deposition (CVD) bur cavity preparation with conventional preparation methods including a diamond bur and a carbide bur on the microleakage with two different adhesive systems. A total of 40 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four experimental groups according to the cavity preparation technique: group I diamond bur (Diatech); group II carbide bur (Diatech); group III Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase Millennium II); and group IV CVD bur (CVDentUS). Using the different preparation techniques, Class V standardized preparations were performed on the buccal and lingual surfaces with gingival margins on the dentin and occlusal margins on the enamel. Each preparation group was randomly assigned to two subgroups (five teeth, ten preparations) according to the type of adhesive: an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond), and a single-step self-etch adhesive (AdheSE One). All preparations were restored with a nanohybrid composite resin in a single increment. Following thermocycling (×500; 5-55°C), the teeth were immersed in basic fuchsin and sectioned in the orovestibular direction. Dye penetration was evaluated under a light microscope by two blinded examiners. Data were statistically analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the preparation techniques with either of the two adhesive systems (p>0.05). Comparing the enamel and dentin leakage scores within each group, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). The Er,Cr:YSGG laser cavity preparation did not differ from preparation with CVD, diamond or carbide bur in terms of microleakage with the different adhesive systems.
Collapse
|
12
|
Baraba A, Miletic I, Krmek SJ, Perhavec T, Bozic Z, Anic I. Ablative potential of the erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser and conventional handpieces: a comparative study. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 27:921-7. [PMID: 19731997 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2008.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the ability of the Variable Square Pulse technology (VSP-technology)-based erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Er:YAG) laser working in maximum speed (MAX) mode (1000 mJ, 300 micros, 20 Hz) and the high-speed handpiece to ablate enamel, to compare the ability of for the VSP-technology-based Er:YAG laser working in MAX mode and the low-speed handpiece to ablate dentin, and to analyze in vitro effects of Er:YAG ablation of enamel and dentine surfaces using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). BACKGROUND DATA A VSP-technology-based Er:YAG laser operating in MAX mode should be appropriate for achieving the maximum ablating speed in hard dental tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment was conducted on extracted, cleaned, sterilized human molar teeth. Cavity preparations were made in hard dental tissues using the VSP-technology Er:YAG laser in MAX mode, in enamel using the high-speed handpiece, and in dentin using the low-speed handpiece at different time intervals. A laser triangulation profilometer was used to determine cavity volumes. The cavity surfaces of five specimens were examined using SEM. RESULTS The Er:YAG laser removed a volume of enamel that was 3.3 times as large as that removed by the high-speed handpiece in the same period of time. In dentin, the Er:YAG laser removed 8 to 18 times as much volume as the steel bur in the same period of time. The Er:YAG ablation rate in dentin was faster than in enamel. SEM of laser prepared cavities showed a well-defined surface, free of the smear layer. CONCLUSIONS The VSP-technology-based Er:YAG laser, working in MAX mode, is more efficient than mechanical drills for enamel and dentin ablation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baraba
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Krmek SJ, Bogdan I, Simeon P, Mehicić GP, Katanec D, Anić I. A three-dimensional evaluation of microleakage of class V cavities prepared by the very short pulse mode of the erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser. Lasers Med Sci 2009; 25:823-8. [PMID: 19593602 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-009-0707-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate microleakage along resin restoration in cavities prepared with an erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser, with and without acid etching, and to compare it with that in diamond-drilled cavities. Thirty intact molars were divided into three equal groups. In the teeth in group I, class V cavities were prepared with a diamond drill. Cavities in groups II and III were prepared with an Er:YAG laser (400 mJ/15 Hz for enamel and 250 mJ/10 Hz for dentine). The cavities in groups I and II were acid-etched and adhesive and flowable composite were applied to all cavities. The specimens were first immersed in dye for 24 h and then in 5% nitric acid for 72 h for softening. The fillings were extracted and photographed through a dissecting microscope. The leakage area was measured with specially designed software. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed that the best ranking was group II [mean range (m.r.) = 27.46], followed by group I (m.r. = 33.48) and, lastly, group III (m.r. = 45.15). The differences between groups I and III (P = 0.023) and between groups II and III were statistically significant (P = 0.080). The least microleakage was found in those cavities prepared by Er:YAG laser and subsequently acid-etched, whereas the most leakage was in the lased cavities that had not been etched; the traditional diamond-drilled acid-etched cavities produced medium leakage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Jukić Krmek
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|