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VIOLET LED DENTAL WHITENING: EFFECTIVENESS AND BIOLOGICAL SAFETY: AN IN VITRO STUDY. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102965. [PMID: 35732243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The light-emitting diode (Led) in the violet spectrum associated or not with hydrogen peroxide (HP) has been suggested as a promising technique for dental bleaching. Violet led has a wavelength of 405-410 nm, which is very close to that of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and this has raised biological safety concerns. AIM To investigate the effectiveness of the violet led dental bleaching technique by evaluating color parameters, enamel surface microhardness, and biological safety analysis. METHODS One hundred bovine dental blocks were divided into groups according to the bleaching technique (G1 - only HP; G2 - HP associated with blue led; G3 - only blue led; G4 - HP associated with a violet led; and G5 - only violet led). The color analysis (ΔE, ΔL, and WID) and enamel surface microhardness were assessed before and after bleaching (immediately, 5, 14, and 30 days). The biological safety of the violet led irradiation was assessed by measuring the number of micronuclei formed in human cells in culture in response to irradiation. Data analysis included Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS In groups G4 and G5 there was the formation of precipitates on the enamel surface. At the time of 14 days, it was observed that the G2 group had lower values of microhardness than G5. ΔL and ΔE showed differences between groups in experimental times. Mean percentages of micronuclei occurrence were similar in the control group and the violet led group. CONCLUSION The violet led irradiation can be applied for dental bleaching because this approach produces significant color changes preserving tooth enamel integrity and causes no genotoxic effects on vital cells.
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Savian TG, Oling J, Soares F, Rocha RO. Vital Bleaching Influences the Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems to Enamel and Dentin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E80-E97. [PMID: 34157122 DOI: 10.2341/20-035-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vital bleaching impairs the bonding of adhesive systems to enamel and dentin. Thus, restoration placement should be delayed for at least two weeks after completion of bleaching procedures. SUMMARY Objective: This systematic review evaluates the influence of vital bleaching on the bond strength of adhesive systems to enamel and dentin.Methods: This review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). In vitro studies comparing the bond strength of bleached and unbleached enamel and dentin were searched at the electronic databases-PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science-with no limit on year or language. The studies were screened and had data extracted by two reviewers independently. Bond strength data were meta-analyzed using the inverse variance method and the random effect model (p≤0.05).Results: The electronic search provided 4941 eligible studies, and 52 were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. The global meta-analysis showed that bleaching impairs the bond strength of adhesive systems to enamel and dentin (p<0.001; mean difference [MD]: -0.96; confidence interval [CI]: -1.18 to -0.73), regardless of the bleaching agent (p<0.001; MD: -9.98; CI: -1.37 to -0.58) or substrate (p<0.001; MD: -0.89; CI: -1.12 to -0.66). The detrimental effect of bleaching on bond strength was not observed after two and three weeks after bleaching (p=0.1; MD: -0.39; CI: -0.84 to 0.65; and p=0.18; MD: -0.99; CI: -2.45 to 0.47, respectively).Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that vital bleaching impairs the bonding of adhesive systems to enamel and dentin, and this adverse effect persists for two weeks.
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Cheng YL, Musonda J, Cheng H, Attin T, Zheng M, Yu H. Effect of surface removal following bleaching on the bond strength of enamel. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 30917809 PMCID: PMC6437994 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A reduction in bond strength of bleached enamel has been confirmed in the literature. Although limited information is available, it is conceivable that the veneer preparation process may remove the impacted enamel and further eliminate the compromised bond strength between the composite resin and bleached enamel. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of surface removal following bleaching on the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of bleached enamel. Methods Forty-eight specimens were prepared from bovine incisors and were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 24): group B (bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide for 2 × 45 min with a 1-week interval) and group C (control group without bleaching treatment). Immediately after receiving the treatments, 0.5 mm of the enamel was removed from the specimen surface, followed by bonding of composite resin to the enamel surface. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups of 12 specimens each: subgroup T (with 5000 thermocycles in water baths at 5 °C and 55 °C), and subgroup N (without thermocycling). The μSBS values were measured using a universal testing machine and subjected to two-way analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The fracture modes of the specimens were observed using a stereomicroscope. Results The μSBS values of the different groups ranged from 21.42 to 25.21 MPa. Following a surface reduction of 0.5 mm, bleaching treatment and thermocycling did not significantly affect the μSBS values (P = 0.348 and P = 0.507, respectively). No significant interaction was found between the bleaching treatment and thermocycling (P = 0.514). All the groups exhibited a high percentage of mixed failures. Compared with group C, group B exhibited higher percentage of adhesive failure. Conclusion The results suggested that the bonding procedure could be performed on the bleached enamel following a surface reduction of 0.5 mm immediately after the bleaching treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Cheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Joseph Musonda
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China. .,Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Kiomarsi N, Arjmand Y, Kharrazi Fard MJ, Chiniforush N. Effects of Erbium Family Laser on Shear Bond Strength of Composite to Dentin After Internal Bleaching. J Lasers Med Sci 2017; 9:58-62. [PMID: 29399313 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2018.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of surface treatment with erbium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) and erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) lasers on shear bond strength of composite resin to recently bleached dentin. Methods: In this study, 40 extracted human premolars were selected. The teeth were cut 4 mm apical to the cusp tip and were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each group) for shear bond strength testing. For bleaching, 35% hydrogen peroxide (H2 o2 ) gel (Opalescence Endo, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) was applied to dentin surfaces of all specimens for 10 days. Before etching and bonding, in Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser groups, dentin surfaces were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG lasers, respectively. In Er,Cr:YSGG group, Er:YAG group and control group, composite restoration was performed immediately after bleaching while in common procedure group, composite restoration was performed after seven days. The teeth were then subjected to shear bond strength testing machine. The data were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test. Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of shear bond strength was 4.3 ± 1.4 MPa for control group, 6.7 ± 2.0 Mpa for Er,Cr:YSGG group, 14.4 ± 3.7 Mpa for Er:YAG group and 19.4 ± 2.6 Mpa for common procedure group. Conclusion: The shear strength of composite to Er:YAG laser-treated bleached dentin was significantly higher than control group while significantly lower than common procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Kiomarsi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Dental faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Arjmand
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Oliveira PH, Cassoni A, Brugnera A, Tenório IP, Rodrigues JA. Bond Strength of Abraded and Non-Abraded Bleached Enamel to Resin After Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:530-536. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro H.C. Oliveira
- Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Cassoni
- Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Aldo Brugnera
- Biomedicine Engineering Division, Camilo Castelo Branco University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- The National Institute of Science and Technology–INCT “Basic Optics and Applied to Life Sciences, São Carlos-SP Brazil
| | - Ilana P. Tenório
- Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - José A. Rodrigues
- Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
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Is It Necessary to Prepare the Enamel before Dental Bleaching? Int J Dent 2017; 2017:5063521. [PMID: 28280508 PMCID: PMC5322446 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5063521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of distinct surface treatments on the microhardness and color of enamel that will be bleached. Surface treatments are tested, accordingly: G1, no treatment; G2, 2% sodium fluoride; G3, casein phosphopeptide paste; G4, 2% fluoride+Nd:YAG laser. Forty blocks from bovine teeth composed the sample that were tested in Knoop microhardness (n = 10) and in color change (n = 10). After 24 h, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide was performed for 45 min. Microhardness and color changes (using parameters ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were assessed before and after bleaching. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Despite all surface treatments, a reduction of enamel microhardness occurred immediately after bleaching in all groups, being greater in G1. Enamel color changed in all groups. Immediately after bleaching, there was a decrease on enamel microhardness. However, after 7 days, some of those specimens previously treated before bleaching significantly recovered their initial microhardness without influencing the esthetic results of bleaching.
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Alencar MS, Bombonatti JFS, Maenosono RM, Soares AF, Wang L, Mondelli RFL. Effect of Two Antioxidants Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel. Braz Dent J 2016; 27:532-536. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201600757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the effect of sodium bicarbonate and sodium ascorbate on the microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse system to bleached bovine enamel. Sixty bovine enamel blocks (4x4 mm) were flattened and randomly allocated into 5 groups: G1 (negative control): without treatment; G2 (positive control): bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); G3: bleached and stored for 7 days in artificial saliva before restorative procedures; G4: bleached and treated with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution for 5 min; G5: bleached and treated with 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel for 15 min. HP gel was applied twice (20 min each, except in G1) and the adhesive restorations were performed. After 24 h, the specimens were sectioned into sticks and submitted to microtensile bond strength testing with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n=12). As a complementary visual observation, the enamel surfaces of the G1 and G2 specimens were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The means (standard deviation) were: G1: 24.22±7.74; G2: 18.29±5.88; G3: 40.88±7.95; G4: 19.95±5.67 and G5: 24.43±6.43. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. The comparison between the treatments indicates that waiting 7 days after bleaching is still the most effective approach. When this waiting period is not possible, application of sodium ascorbate or sodium bicarbonate seems to be a good alternative. Therefore, the practicality of obtaining sodium bicarbonate in the bleaching kits and its higher stability enables its clinical use.
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Miranda TAM, Moura SK, Amorim VHDO, Terada RSS, Pascotto RC. Influence of exposure time to saliva and antioxidant treatment on bond strength to enamel after tooth bleaching: an in situ study. J Appl Oral Sci 2014; 21:567-74. [PMID: 24473724 PMCID: PMC3891282 DOI: 10.1590/1679-775720130035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated the influence of different exposure times to saliva
in situ in comparison with an antioxidant treatment on
composite resin bond strength to human enamel restored after tooth bleaching. Material and Methods Forty human teeth specimens measuring 5x5 mm were prepared and randomly allocated
into 5 groups with 8 specimens each: Gct (control group, restored on unbleached
enamel); Gbl (restored immediately after bleaching); Gsa (bleached, treated with
10% sodium ascorbate gel for 60 min and restored); G7d (bleached, exposed to
saliva in situ for 7 days and restored); and G14d (bleached,
exposed to saliva in situ for 14 days and restored). Restored
samples were cut into 0.8 mm2 sticks that were tested in microtensile.
Specimens were microscopically analyzed and failure modes were classified as
adhesive, cohesive, or mixed. Pretest and cohesive failures were not considered in
the statistical analysis, which was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's
post-hoc test (α=0.05), with the dental specimen considered as
the experimental unit. Results Mean bond strength results found for Gbl in comparison with Gct indicated that
bleaching significantly reduced enamel adhesiveness (P<0.01). However, no
statistically significant differences were found between Gct, Gsa and G7d
(P>0.05). Bond strength found for G14d was significantly higher than for Gsa
(P<0.01). Fractures modes were predominantly of a mixed type. Conclusions Bonding strength to bleached enamel was immediately restored with the application
of sodium ascorbate and exposure to human saliva in situ for at
least 7 days. Best results were obtained with exposure to human saliva in
situ for 14 days. Treatment with sodium ascorbate gel for 60 min may
be recommended in cases patients cannot wait for at least 7 days for adhesive
techniques to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Kiss Moura
- University North of Paraná, Department of Dentistry, LondrinaPR, Brazil
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Wen X, Zhang L, Liu R, Deng M, Wang Y, Liu L, Nie X. Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on tensile bond strength and caries resistance of human enamel. Oper Dent 2013; 39:273-82. [PMID: 23919623 DOI: 10.2341/12-416-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of resin to human enamel and caries resistance of human enamel. A total of 201 human premolars were used in this in vitro study. A flat enamel surface greater than 4 × 4 mm in area was prepared on each specimen using a low-speed cutting machine under a water coolant. Twenty-one specimens were divided into seven groups for morphology observations with no treatment, 35% phosphoric acid etching (30 seconds), and laser irradiation (30 seconds) of pulsed Nd:YAG laser with five different laser-parameter combinations. Another 100 specimens were used for TBS testing. They were embedded in self-cured acrylic resin and randomly divided into 10 groups. After enamel surface pretreatments according to the group design, resin was applied. The TBS values were tested using a universal testing machine. The other 80 specimens were randomly divided into eight groups for acid resistance evaluation. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the enamel surfaces treated with 1.5 W/20 Hz and 2.0 W/20 Hz showed more etching-like appearance than those with other laser-parameter combinations. The laser-parameter combinations of 1.5 W/15 Hz and 1.5 W/20 Hz were found to be efficient for the TBS test. The mean TBS value of 14.45 ± 1.67 MPa in the laser irradiated group was significantly higher than that in the untreated group (3.48 ± 0.35 MPa) but lower than that in the 35% phosphoric acid group (21.50 ± 3.02 MPa). The highest mean TBS value of 26.64 ± 5.22 MPa was identified in the combination group (laser irradiation and then acid etching). Acid resistance evaluation showed that the pulsed Nd:YAG laser was efficient in preventing enamel demineralization. The SEM results of the fractured enamel surfaces, resin/enamel interfaces, and demineralization depths were consistent with those of the TBS test and the acid resistance evaluation. Pulsed Nd:YAG laser as an enamel surface pretreatment method presents a potential clinical application, especially for the caries-susceptible population or individuals with recently bleached teeth.
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