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Hanna R, Dalvi S, Bensadoun RJ, Raber-Durlacher JE, Benedicenti S. Role of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Neurological Primary Burning Mouth Syndrome. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1838. [PMID: 34834253 PMCID: PMC8624276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for energy production and neuronal survival in neurological primary burning mouth syndrome (npBMS). Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been utilised in npBMS management, however, its role of intervention remains controversial. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis of CRD 42020198921 PROSPERO registration reference was to oversee and determine the efficacy of PBMT in patients with npBMS, identifying the gaps and bridge them by proposing recommendations for future studies purposes. PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Collaboration recommendations followed. Various search engines employed to analyse a total of 351 studies of which 12 were included. A wide range of utilised PBM wavelengths was between 635-980 nm and the power output ranged between 30 mW and 4000 mW. A high risk of bias (RoB) was noted in 7 out of 12 included studies (58.3%), as results of qualitative analysis. Meta-analysis findings of 4 out of 12 studies showed statistically significant intergroup differences (SSID) for visual analogue scale (VAS) values (MD = -1.47; 95% CI = -2.40 to -0.53; Z = 3.07 (p = 0.002) whereas meta-analysis on 5 out of 12 studies revealed SSID for anxiety/depression and quality of life (MD = -1.47; 95% CI = -2.40 to -0.53; Z = 3.07 (p = 0.002), favouring PBMT group to the control treatment strategies. Despite the inconsistency and diversity in PBM parameters (wavelength, power, light source, spot size, emission mode, energy per point, total energy) and treatment protocols (exposure time, number of sessions, time interval between sessions, treatment duration)-majority of the included studies showed positive PBM results. The high RoB and meta-analytical heterogeneity in the eligible studies warrant the necessity to perform well-designed and robust RCTs after acknowledging the drawbacks of the available scientific literature and addressing our suggested recommendations highlighted in our review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hanna
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Institute, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Snehal Dalvi
- Department of Periodontology, Swargiya Dadasaheb Kalmegh Smruti Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur 441110, India;
| | - Rene Jean Bensadoun
- Centre De Haute Energie, Department of Oncology Radiology, 10 Boulevard Pasteur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Judith E. Raber-Durlacher
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Oral Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Benedicenti
- Laser Therapy Centre, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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Orliaguet M, Misery L. Neuropathic and Psychogenic Components of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081237. [PMID: 34439903 PMCID: PMC8393188 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) has been extensively debated but is poorly understood despite a large number of hypotheses attempting to explain its etiopathogenic mechanisms. The aim of the present work was to systematically review papers that could provide arguments in favour of the neuropathic and psychogenic components of primary BMS for a better understanding of the disease. This systematic review (SR) was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021224160). The search was limited to articles in English or French from 1990 to 01 December 2020. A total of 113 articles were considered for data extraction. We divided them into four subgroups: pharmacological and nonpharmacological management studies (n = 23); neurophysiological studies (n = 35); biohistopathological studies (n = 25); and questionnaire-based studies (n = 30). Several of these studies have shown neuropathic involvement at various levels of the neuraxis in BMS with the contribution of quantitative sensory testing (QST), functional brain imaging, and biohistopathological or pharmacologic studies. On the other hand, the role of psychological factors in BMS has also been the focus of several studies and has shown a link with psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Depending on the patient, the neuropathic and psychogenic components may exist simultaneously, with a preponderance of one or the other, or exist individually. These two components cannot be dissociated to define BMS. Consequently, BMS may be considered nociplastic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Orliaguet
- LIEN, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Western Brittany, F-29200 Brest, France;
| | - Laurent Misery
- LIEN, Department of Dermatology, University of Western Brittany, F-29200 Brest, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-9888-3527
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de Pedro M, López‐Pintor RM, Casañas E, Hernández G. Effects of photobiomodulation with low‐level laser therapy in burning mouth syndrome: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1764-1776. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Pedro
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties ORALMED Research Group School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Rosa María López‐Pintor
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties ORALMED Research Group School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Elisabeth Casañas
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties ORALMED Research Group School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hernández
- Department of Dental Clinical Specialties ORALMED Research Group School of Dentistry Complutense University Madrid Spain
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Škrinjar I, Lončar Brzak B, Vidranski V, Vučićević Boras V, Rogulj AA, Pavelić B. Salivary Cortisol Levels and Burning Symptoms in Patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome before and after Low Level Laser Therapy: a Double Blind Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:44-50. [PMID: 32523156 PMCID: PMC7233125 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/1/5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disorder which is described as burning sensation of the oral mucosa without pathological changes. Most of the patients have some underlying stressful conditions. Stress induces an increase in secretion of different endocrine glands resulting in higher levels of glucocorticoids. One of the options for treatment of BMS includes low level laser therapy (LLLT). The aim of this research was to determine salivary cortisol levels and intensity of burning symptoms in BMS patients before and after LLLT. Materials and Methods Twenty-three participants were allocated by randomization in two groups: 12 patients in the study group and 11 patients in the placebo group. Cortisol levels in all patients were analyzed from the sample of saliva collected without stimulation. In both groups, the LLLT was performed once a day for ten consecutive days (excluding weekend) with Ga-Al-As light-emitting diode type of laser, with a wavelength of 685nm. In the control group, LLLT was done with inactive laser probe which was only emitting audio signal. The intensity of burning symptoms was measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS and unstimulated saliva were measured at baseline and on the last day of the LLLT. A quantitative analysis of saliva was performed using competitive commercial ELISA-kit. Results VAS scores and salivary cortisol levels were significantly lower in both groups after LLLT. Conclusions LLLT can be useful in patients with BMS for reducing burning symptoms and salivary cortisol level. Future studies on a larger number of patients should clarify whether the positive results are an outcome of laser effectiveness or of placebo effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrinjar
- Department of Oral Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božana Lončar Brzak
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Valentina Vidranski
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Clinical Hospital Sisters of Mercy, Vinogradska cesta 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vučićević Boras
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine University of Zagreb and University Clinical Hospital Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Andabak Rogulj
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Božidar Pavelić
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb and University Hospital Zagreb, Gundulićeva 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Kalhori KA, Vahdatinia F, Jamalpour MR, Vescovi P, Fornaini C, Merigo E, Fekrazad R. Photobiomodulation in Oral Medicine. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:837-861. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farshid Vahdatinia
- Dental Implants Research Center, Dental School of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Jamalpour
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Implants Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, UFR d'Odontologie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- Laboratoire MicOralIS (Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé) EA7354, UFR d'Odontologie, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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Merigo E, Rocca JP, Pinheiro ALB, Fornaini C. Photobiomodulation Therapy in Oral Medicine: A Guide for the Practitioner with Focus on New Possible Protocols. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:669-680. [PMID: 31589560 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is the term to define the wide range of laser applications using low-energy densities and based on photochemical mechanisms where the energy is transferred to the intracellular mitochondrial chromophores and respiratory chain components. In literature, a great number of works are reported showing the advantages of PBM use in many oral diseases such as recurrent aphthous stomatitis, herpes infections, mucositis, and burning mouth syndrome. Different factors may explain the increasing reported use of PBM in oral medicine: the absence of side effects, the possibility of safely treating compromised patients such as oncologic patients, the possibility of a noninvasive approach not associated with pain or discomfort, and the possibility of performing short sessions. The review's aim is to describe the possible applications of PBM in oral medicine, giving practitioners simple guide for practice together with the information of a new treatment possibility "at home" performed by the patient himself under supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Merigo
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Jean-Paul Rocca
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | | | - Carlo Fornaini
- Micoralis Research Laboratory EA 7354, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Dentistry, Special Needs and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Hospital Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy.,GAEM, Group of Applied ElectroMagnetics, Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Spanemberg JC, Segura-Egea JJ, Rodríguez-de Rivera-Campillo E, Jané-Salas E, Salum FG, López-López J. Low-level laser therapy in patients with Burning Mouth Syndrome: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e162-e169. [PMID: 30805121 PMCID: PMC6383904 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluate the effect of LLLT in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Material and Methods Twenty-one BMS patients were randomly assigned to two groups: 12 in the laser group (LG) and 9 in the control group (CG). Patients in the LG underwent 2-week sessions of LLLT for 4 weeks. The spot tip area of this tool is 0.088cm2, semi-conductor GaAlAs, with a wavelength of 808nm ±5nm (infrared), 200 mW output power, 1.97W/cm2 of power density, 3 J energy per point and application time 15 seconds per point. LLLT was applied punctually, in continuous emissions, on each of the sites where there was a symptom. Symptoms were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) and patient psychological profiles were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety-Depression Scale. No side effects were recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out via ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results The initial VAS score mean was 8.9 for the LG and 8.3 for the CG (p >0.05). After the eighth session the VAS score was 5.5 and 5.8 respectively, and at two months it was 4.7 and 5.1 respectively. Improvement variables were established by dichotomizing the pain scales. We obtained levels of significance for the improvement variable for the LG at the two-month follow-up (p=0.0038) and for the univariate analysis of the treatment. The improvement was marginally significant in the multivariant analysis of: dry mouth, dysgeusia, pain and the treatment (p=0.0538). Conclusions LLLT may be an alternative treatment for the relief of oral burning in patients with BMS. Key words:Burning mouth syndrome, oral pain, laser dentistry, laser therapy, low intensity laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana-Cassol Spanemberg
- PhD. Postdoctoral Research Fellow. Specialist in Stomatology and Public Health. Department of Odontoestomatology - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (School of Dentistry)
| | - Juan-Jose Segura-Egea
- PhD, MD, DDS, Doctor Specialist in Stomatology. Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Spain
| | | | - Enric Jané-Salas
- MD, DDS, PhD. Doctor, Specialist in Stomatology. Professor of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain / Oral Health and Masticatory System Group (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute) IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernanda-Gonçalves Salum
- PhD, Senior Lecturer, School of Dentistry, Oral Medicine Division, São Lucas Hospital, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jose López-López
- Facultative Director and Clinical Head of the Surgical Medical Area of the Odontological Hospital University of Barcelona
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How Do You Treat Burning Mouth Syndrome in Your Practice? Med Acupunct 2019; 31:49-56. [DOI: 10.1089/acu.2019.29107.cpl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Mussttaf RA, Jenkins DFL, Jha AN. Assessing the impact of low level laser therapy (LLLT) on biological systems: a review. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:120-143. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1524944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaidah A. Mussttaf
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - David F. L. Jenkins
- School of Computing, Electronics and Mathematics, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Sikora M, Včev A, Siber S, Vučićević Boras V, Rotim Ž, Matijević M. The Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Burning Mouth Syndrome - A Pilot Study. Acta Clin Croat 2018; 57:312-315. [PMID: 30431725 PMCID: PMC6531994 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2018.57.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY – The aim of this clinical study was to compare low-level laser therapy (LLLT) switched on and switched off in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). BMS is a debilitating condition for patients and highly demanding for physicians, characterized by burning symptoms in the oral cavity. Despite extensive research, so far only cognitive behavioral therapy and clonazepam have been proven successful for its treatment in randomized controlled trials. Forty-four patients with BMS were randomly assigned to the study laser group (LLLT) or the sham laser group. LLLT was performed with the GaAlAs laser (830 nm) used in non-contact mode on the site in the mouth where burning symptoms were present; study patients received 10 sessions (10 days). Each participant filled out the visual analog scale (VAS) and oral health impact on the quality of life scale (OHIP-CRO 14) before and after either therapy protocol. There were no significant differences between the groups before and after LLLT (switched on and off) in the quality of life (OHIP CRO 14 scores) (p>0.05). There was significant decrease in pain symptoms (VAS) in both LLLT switched on and LLLT switched off groups (p<0.05). Both LLLT switched on and switched off decreased pain symptoms (VAS) in patients with BMS; however, neither LLLT switched off or switched on improved the OHIP-CRO 14 scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandar Včev
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Siber
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Vanja Vučićević Boras
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željko Rotim
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Matijević
- School of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
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Stein S, Schauseil M, Hellak A, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. Influence of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Gingivitis Induced by Multi-Bracket Appliances: A Split-Mouth Randomized Controlled Trial. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:399-405. [PMID: 29775553 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-mouth trial was to investigate the influence of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on adjuvant treatment of gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients (mean age 16.15 years; standard deviation ±2.12 years) who had completed active orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances in an orthodontic clinic were included on a randomized basis. At time point T0, after bracket debonding and professional tooth cleaning, the papilla bleeding index (PBI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were assessed in the upper jaw by the blinded investigator (M.S.), who was not aware at any time of which quadrant received PBMT. The study was based on a patient-blinded split-mouth design. In each patient, PBMT was administered by a practitioner (S.S.) in one upper quadrant (wavelength: 660 nm; Power: 100 mW; Power density: 100 mW/cm2; Energy density per application point = 2 J/cm2; Energy per application point = 2 J; Total dose = 52 J/cm2; Total energy = 52 J; Irradiation time: 26 × 20 sec), while the other upper quadrant received a simulated laser application with the laser system turned off. Randomized equal allocation of the sides was accomplished. The second PBI and BOP assessment followed 4-6 days after laser irradiation (T1) by M.S. RESULTS No statistical differences were observed between the sides with regard to PBI and BOP values at T0 (p > 0.05). The PBI and BOP values decreased significantly between T0 and T1 on both sides (p < 0.05). At T1, the PBI and BOP values were significantly lower in the laser side in comparison with the control side (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of these results and study parameters, adjuvant PBMT is able to accelerate the healing process in patients with gingivitis induced by multi-bracket appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stein
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schauseil
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hellak
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Braun
- 2 Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, University of Marburg , Marburg, Germany
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Barbosa NG, Gonzaga AKG, de Sena Fernandes LL, da Fonseca AG, Queiroz SIML, Lemos TMAM, da Silveira ÉJD, de Medeiros AMC. Evaluation of laser therapy and alpha-lipoic acid for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1255-1262. [PMID: 29502160 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and secondary oral burning (SOB) by unstimulated sialometry, symptom assessment, and measurement of salivary TNF-α levels. Forty-four patients were randomized into four treatment groups: BMS/laser (n = 10), BMS/ALA (n = 5), SOB/laser (n = 15), and SOB/ALA (n = 14). The control group consisted of eight healthy female subjects. Unstimulated salivary flow was measured before and after treatment, and the collected saliva was stored at - 20 °C for the analysis of TNF-α. Symptoms were evaluated before and after treatment using a pain visual analog scale. Most patients were women (81.8%) during menopause (72.2%). LLLT and ALA were efficient in increasing salivary flow only in BMS but provided symptom relief in both conditions. TNF-α levels did not differ between patients with BMS and SOB or between those patients and the control group. No differences were observed in posttreatment TNF-α levels in either condition. The results of this study suggest that LLLT and ALA are efficient therapies in reducing burning mouth symptoms, with LLLT being more efficient than ALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Guimarães Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. .,Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP 59056-000, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Leiros de Sena Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Technological Development and Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aldilane Gonçalves da Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Technological Development and Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Telma Maria Araújo Moura Lemos
- Postgraduate Program in Technological Development and Innovation in Medicines, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Stein S, Kleye A, Schauseil M, Hellak A, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Braun A. 445-nm diode laser-assisted debonding of self-ligating ceramic brackets. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2017; 62:513-520. [PMID: 28076292 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2016-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives:This study determined the influence of irradiation on aesthetic ceramic brackets with a novel 445-nm diode laser prior to debonding on the bracket failure mode.Materials and methods:Thirty ceramic brackets (In-Ovation® C, GAC) were standard-bonded to the oral and buccal planed and polished enamel surfaces of 15 caries-free human 3Results:In the laser group, the ARI-score was statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05) at 10-fold and 20-fold magnifications compared to the conventional group, while enamel fractures were not found at any magnification in either group at T1. Enamel fractures and grinding marks were increasingly found in the conventional group by SEM at T2.Conclusion:Irradiation with the novel diode laser prior to debonding of ceramic brackets significantly changes bonding failure in terms of less remaining adhesive. This is of clinical importance as the risk of enamel fractures and chair time can be reduced.
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Al-Maweri SA, Javed F, Kalakonda B, AlAizari NA, Al-Soneidar W, Al-Akwa A. Efficacy of low level laser therapy in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 17:188-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Stein S, Korbmacher-Steiner H, Popovic N, Braun A. Pain reduced by low-level laser therapy during use of orthodontic separators in early mixed dentition. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 76:431-9. [PMID: 26272170 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-015-0306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this work was to investigate whether low-level laser therapy (LLLT) applied at a defined distance from the gingiva has a pain-reducing effect in young patients undergoing orthodontic separation during the early mixed-dentition stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 40 children in early mixed dentition (mean age 8.05 years) who required separation of molars were included. The study comprised a group of 20 patients whose treatment included laser application on the day of separation and a control group of 20 patients not receiving LLLT. All patients recorded their maximum pain intensities on the day of separation (day 1) and on the following 4 days. RESULTS Compared to the control group, pain perception was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the LLLT group on day 1 and continued to be reduced on day 2. Equivalent pain levels were recorded in both groups on days 3-5. CONCLUSION Given our findings of a pain-reducing effect in young patients undergoing orthodontic separation during the early mixed-dentition stage, LLLT is an interesting alternative option of providing analgesia even in very young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stein
- Department of Orthodontics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Braun
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Philipps University Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
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Effect of photobiomodulation on ischemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage in diabetic rats. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1943-1948. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sotorra-Figuerola D, Sánchez-Torres A, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Gay-Escoda C. Continuous neurophatic orofacial pain: A retrospective study of 23 cases. J Clin Exp Dent 2016; 8:e153-9. [PMID: 27034755 PMCID: PMC4808310 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To determine the clinical characteristics of Continuous Neuropathic Orofacial Pain in patients that suffer Persistent Idiopathic Facial Pain (PIFP), Painful Post-Traumatic Trigeminal Neuropathy (PPTTN) or Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and to describe their treatment. Material and Methods A retrospective observational study was made, reviewing the clinical history of the patients diagnosed with Continuous Neuropathic Orofacial Pain between 2004 and 2011 at the Orofacial Pain Unit of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology of the University of Barcelona and at the Orofacial Pain Unit of the Teknon Medical Center of Barcelona. Results The average age of the patients with Continuous Neuropathic Orofacial Pain was 54.5, with a clear female predominance (86.9%, n=20). Of all patients, 60.9% (n=14) were suffering a PIFP, 21.7% (n=5) had a BMS and 17.4% (n=4) were presenting a PPTTN. The pain quality described by the patients with Continuous Neuropathic Orofacial Pain was oppressive (43.47%, n=10), widely represented by patients with PIFP, and burning (39.13%, n=9) being the only quality that described patients with BMS. The treatment carried out with the patients was only pharmacologic. The most used drugs for the treatment of PIFP and PPTTN were clonazepam (50%, n=9) and amitriptyline (44.44%, n=8). However, a 55.5% (n=10) of the patients with PIFP or PPTTN required the association of two or more drugs for a correct pain control. All the patients with BMS responded satisfactorily to clonazepam. Conclusions Continuous Neuropathic Orofacial Pain is a little known condition among the general population, physicians and dentists. This favors a late diagnosis and inaccurate treatments which entail unnecessary suffering. It is important to inform both the general population and health professionals concerning this painful condition. Key words:Continuous neuropathic orofacial pain, persistent idiopathic facial pain, painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy, burning mouth syndrome, atypical odontalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dídac Sotorra-Figuerola
- DDS. Student of Oral Surgery and Implantology Department. School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Sánchez-Torres
- DDS. Student of Oral Surgery and Implantology Department. School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Valmaseda-Castellón
- DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS. Professor of Oral Surgery. Professor of Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona; Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute. Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cosme Gay-Escoda
- MD, DDS, MS, PhD, EBOS. Chairman and Full Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Director of the Master of Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona; Researcher/Coordinator of the IDIBELL Institute; Head of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona, Spain
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Arduino PG, Cafaro A, Garrone M, Gambino A, Cabras M, Romagnoli E, Broccoletti R. A randomized pilot study to assess the safety and the value of low-level laser therapy versus clonazepam in patients with burning mouth syndrome. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:811-6. [PMID: 26873501 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Comparison between low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and clonazepam for treating burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients has never been documented; the aim of this study was to assess the effects of LLLT photobiomodulation versus medical therapy with clonazepam on BMS. Thirty-three patients (25 female, 8 male, mean age = 67.12) were randomly allocated to two different groups: the first one (group A, 18 patients) underwent two laser irradiation sessions weekly for 5 weeks, whereas the second one (group B, 15 patients) received topical clonazepam therapy [half a tablet (2 mg) in the mouth without swallowing for 3 min, three times a day for 21 days]. LLLT was delivered with a continuous wave 980-nm aluminum gallium arsenide (AlGaAs) diode laser and the output of 300 mW, delivering a Fluence of 10 J/cm(2), using a "spot technique," with an average power density of about 1 W/cm(2). The laser probe was held perpendicularly at a distance of about 2 mm from the mucosa. Visual analogue scale (VAS), McGill Pain Questionnaire, present pain intensity (PPI), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49) assessed sensation of pain. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale assessed levels of anxiety and depression. Twelve weeks after the end of treatment, patients treated with LLLT experienced a decrease in pain sensation reported for all the parameters analyzed: VAS (P = 0.004), McGill Pain Questionnaire (P = 0.002), PPI (P = 0.002), and OHIP-49 (P = 0.010). The group treated with clonazepam had less favorable results for VAS (P = 0.33), McGill Pain Questionnaire (P = 0.005), PPI (P = 0.013), and OHIP-49 (P = 0.25). Levels of anxiety and depression did not change statistically in any groups (P > 0.05). Comparing the two groups, LLLT appeared to be superior in improving pain perception, but statistically only at 8 weeks after the end of the protocol proposed (P = 0.026). Based on this preliminary trial, LLLT is capable of reducing the symptoms of patients with BMS with a constant and long-lasting effect, experienced since the end of the first applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo G Arduino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Adriana Cafaro
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Garrone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessio Gambino
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Cabras
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Ercole Romagnoli
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, Genoa University, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Broccoletti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Oral Medicine Section, University of Turin, Unito Lingotto Dental Institute c/o Lingotto, Via Nizza 230, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Cui Y, Xu H, Chen FM, Liu JL, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Chen QM. Efficacy evaluation of clonazepam for symptom remission in burning mouth syndrome: a meta-analysis. Oral Dis 2016; 22:503-11. [PMID: 26680638 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
- West China School of Public Health; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - FM Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - JL Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - L Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Y Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - QM Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases; West China Hospital of Stomatology; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan China
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SUGAYA NN, SILVA ÉFPD, KATO IT, PRATES R, GALLO CDB, PELLEGRINI VD. Low Intensity laser therapy in patients with burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Braz Oral Res 2016; 30:e108. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2016.vol30.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Arbabi-Kalati F, Bakhshani NM, Rasti M. Evaluation of the efficacy of low-level laser in improving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome. J Clin Exp Dent 2015; 7:e524-7. [PMID: 26535101 PMCID: PMC4628809 DOI: 10.4317/jced.52298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is common conditions that affects menopause women, patients suffer from sever burning sensation. Up to now there is no definitive treatment for this disease. Present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of low-level laser (LLL) in improving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome. Material and Methods Twenty patients with BMS were enrolled in this study; they were divided in two groups randomly. In the laser group, in each patient, 10 areas on the oral mucosa were selected and underwent LLL irradiation at a wavelength of 630 nm, and a power of 30 mW for 10 seconds twice a week for 4 weeks. In the placebo group, silent/off laser therapy was carried out during the same period in the same areas. Burning sensation and quality of life were evaluated. Results Burning sensation severity and quality of life in the two groups after intervention were different significant statistically, (p= 0.004, p= 0.01 respectively) .Patients in laser group had better results. Conclusions It can be concluded that low level laser might decrease the intensity of burning mouth syndrome. Key words:Pain, low-level laser, burning mouth syndrome, oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Arbabi-Kalati
- Oral Medicine Department, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran ; Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Nour-Mohammad Bakhshani
- Research Center for Children and Adolescent's Health, Baharan psychiatric center Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Spanemberg JC, López López J, de Figueiredo MAZ, Cherubini K, Salum FG. Efficacy of low-level laser therapy for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:098001. [PMID: 26359814 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.098001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). A diode laser was used in 78 BMS patients who were randomly assigned into four groups: IR1W, n = 20 (830 nm, 100 mW, 5 J, 176 J/cm2, 50 s, LLLT weekly sessions, 10 sessions); IR3W, n = 20 (830 nm, 100 mW, 5 J, 176 J/cm2, 50 s, three LLLT weekly sessions, 9 sessions); red laser, n = 19 (685 nm, 35 mW, 2 J, 72 J/cm2, 58 s, three LLLT weekly sessions, 9 sessions); and control-group (CG), n = 19. Symptoms were assessed at the end of the treatment and eight weeks later; quality of life related to oral health was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Statistical analysis was carried out using repeated measures analysis of variance followed by the posthoc Tukey test. There was significant reduction of the symptoms in all groups at the end of the treatment, which was maintained in the follow-up. The scores of the IR1W and IR3W laser groups differed significantly from those of the CG. There was also a decrease in the OHIP-14 scores in the four groups. The IR3W laser group scores differed significantly from those of the CG. LLLT reduces the symptoms of BMS and may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for the relief of symptoms in patients with BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cassol Spanemberg
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José López López
- University of Barcelona: Bellvitge University Campus, Oral Pathology Division, Departament of Odontoestomatology-School of Dentistry, Pabellón de Gobierno C/FeixaLLarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Zancanaro de Figueiredo
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen Cherubini
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Salum
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul-PUCRS, Oral Medicine Division, Avenida Ipiranga 6690, room 231, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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dos Santos LDFC, de Andrade SC, Nogueira GEC, Leão JC, de Freitas PM. Phototherapy on the Treatment of Burning Mouth Syndrome: A Prospective Analysis of 20 Cases. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:1231-6. [PMID: 26138316 DOI: 10.1111/php.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to report the effect of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). This prospective clinical study reports on preliminary outcomes of twenty volunteers diagnosed with BMS who have undergone the conventional treatment prior to laser phototherapy. LPT consisted of weekly sessions of LPT (660 nm), for a period of 10 weeks. The laser protocol consisted of the following parameters: 40 mW, 10 J cm(2) and 0.4 J per point, irradiation time of 10 s. In all sessions, the burning intensity was evaluated with a 10 cm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The burning intensity evaluation by VAS was performed immediately before and after each LPT session. Nonparametric test of Wilcoxon was used for statistical analysis, considering a significance level of 5%. All volunteers reported reduced burning intensity in all sessions when compared to the previous one and reduction in VAS scores by up to 49% in the last clinical session when compared to the first session. When only the VAS baseline of the first session was compared with the consecutive sessions, there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores in almost all sessions. The LPT may be an alternative treatment for the relief of oral burning symptoms in patients with BMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha C de Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Gessé E C Nogueira
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jair C Leão
- Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Preventiva, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Patrícia M de Freitas
- Laboratório Especial de Lasers em Odontologia (LELO), Departamento de Dentística, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Pandeshwar P, Roa MD, Das R, Shastry SP, Kaul R, Srinivasreddy MB. Photobiomodulation in oral medicine: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 7:114-26. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Padma Pandeshwar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre; Whitefield, Bangalore India
| | - Mahesh Datta Roa
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Dayananda Sagar College of Dental Sciences; Bangalore India
| | - Reshma Das
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre; Whitefield, Bangalore India
| | - Shilpa P. Shastry
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre; Whitefield, Bangalore India
| | - Rachna Kaul
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre; Whitefield, Bangalore India
| | - Mahesh B. Srinivasreddy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre; Whitefield, Bangalore India
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Milward MR, Holder MJ, Palin WM, Hadis MA, Carroll JD, Cooper PR. Low level light therapy (LLLT) for the treatment and management of dental and oral diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2014.41.9.763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Milward
- Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant in Periodontology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham
| | - Michelle J Holder
- Research Technician in Oral Biology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham
| | - William M Palin
- Reader in Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham
| | - Mohammed A Hadis
- Research Fellow in Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham
| | - James D Carroll
- Founder/CEO at THOR Photomedicine Ltd, 18A East Street, Chesham, HP5 1HQ
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Professor of Oral Biology, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN, UK
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Carroll JD, Milward MR, Cooper PR, Hadis M, Palin WM. Developments in low level light therapy (LLLT) for dentistry. Dent Mater 2014; 30:465-75. [PMID: 24656472 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low level light/laser therapy (LLLT) is the direct application of light to stimulate cell responses (photobiomodulation) in order to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and induce analgesia. There have been significant studies demonstrating its application and efficacy at many sites within the body and for treatment of a range of musculoskeletal injuries, degenerative diseases and dysfunction, however, its use on oral tissues has, to date, been limited. The purpose of this review is to consider the potential for LLLT in dental and oral applications by providing background information on its mechanism of action and delivery parameters and by drawing parallels with its treatment use in analogous cells and tissues from other sites of the body. METHODS A literature search on Medline was performed on laser and light treatments in a range of dental/orofacial applications from 2010 to March 2013. The search results were filtered for LLLT relevance. The clinical papers were then arranged to eight broad dental/orofacial categories and reviewed. RESULTS The initial search returned 2778 results, when filtered this was reduced to 153. 41 were review papers or editorials, 65 clinical and 47 laboratory studies. Of all the publications, 130 reported a positive effect in terms of pain relief, fast healing or other improvement in symptoms or appearance and 23 reported inconclusive or negative outcomes. Direct application of light as a therapeutic intervention within the oral cavity (rather than photodynamic therapies, which utilize photosensitizing solutions) has thus far received minimal attention. Data from the limited studies that have been performed which relate to the oral cavity indicate that LLLT may be a reliable, safe and novel approach to treating a range of oral and dental disorders and in particular for those which there is an unmet clinical need. SIGNIFICANCE The potential benefits of LLLT that have been demonstrated in many healthcare fields and include improved healing, reduced inflammation and pain control, which suggest considerable potential for its use in oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Carroll
- THOR Photomedicine Ltd., 18A East Street, Chesham HP5 1HQ, UK
| | | | | | - Mohammed Hadis
- Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK
| | - William M Palin
- Biomaterials, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St Chads Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
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Oliveira FAM, Moraes ACM, Paiva AP, Schinzel V, Correa-Costa M, Semedo P, Castoldi A, Cenedeze MA, Oliveira RSMF, Bastos MG, Câmara NOS, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Low-level laser therapy decreases renal interstitial fibrosis. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:705-13. [PMID: 23134313 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). BACKGROUND DATA Regardless of the etiology, CKD involves progressive widespread tissue fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and loss of kidney function. This process also occurs in kidney allograft. At present, effective therapies for this condition are lacking. We investigated the effects of LLLT on the interstitial fibrosis that occurs after experimental UUO in rats. METHODS The occluded kidney of half of the 32 Wistar rats that underwent UUO received a single intraoperative dose of LLLT (AlGaAs laser, 780 nm, 22.5 J/cm(2), 30 mW, 0.75 W/cm(2), 30 sec on each of nine points). After 14 days, renal fibrosis was assessed by Sirius red staining under polarized light. Immunohistochemical analyses quantitated the renal tissue cells that expressed fibroblast (FSP-1) and myofibroblast (α-SMA) markers. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Smad3. RESULTS The UUO and LLLT animals had less fibrosis than the UUO animals, as well having decreased expression inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we showed that LLLT had a protective effect regarding renal interstitial fibrosis. It is conceivable that by attenuating inflammation, LLLT can prevent tubular activation and transdifferentiation, which are the two processes that mainly drive the renal fibrosis of the UUO model.
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