The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on the push-out bond strength of RealSeal self-etch sealer

Photo-induced photoacoustic streaming and pineapple peel extract as final irrigant on extrusion bond strength of root filling material to canal wall

Objective

Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with pineapple peel extract (PPE) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a final endodontic irrigant on the push-out bond strength (PBS) of root filling material to conventional irrigation NaOCl with EDTA.

Methods

An in vitro study at Dar Al Uloom University was conducted over three months. Root canal preparation was performed. Based on final irrigation, all the specimens were divided randomly into four groups (n=10) Group 1: 2.25% NaOCl+ 17% EDTA (control), Group-2: 2.25% NaOCl+PIPS + 6.25% PPE, Group-3: 2.25% NaOCl+PIPS + 17% EDTA, Group-4: 2.25% NaOCl + 6.25% PPE. Canals were obturated and sealed with AH Plus sealer. Root sectioning was performed at 1mm thickness and PBS testing was performed using the universal testing machine. The debonded samples were analyzed for failure mode. ANOVA compared the means and standard deviations (SD) of all investigated group. Assessment of multiple comparisons was performed using Tukey's post hoc test.

Results

The maximum PBS was demonstrated by the coronal section of Group-2 (2.25%NaOCl +PIPS+6.25%PPE) specimens (8.21±0.81MPa). The apical section of Group-1 (2.25% NaOCl+17% EDTA) specimens demonstrated minimum bond strength (2.80±0.18 MPa). The intergroup comparison revealed that Group-3 (2.25% NaOCl +PIPS +17% EDTA) and Group-2 demonstrated comparable outcomes (p>0.05). Group-4 (2.25% NaOCl +6.25% PPE) specimens established significantly lower values than Group-3 and Group-4 (p<0.05).

Conclusion

Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming with pineapple peel extract and EDTA demonstrated better bond strength of root canal sealer and have the potential to be used as the final irrigant.

Adjunctive use of Er, Cr: YSGG laser, Potassium titanyl Phosphate laser, and photosensitizer on extrusion bond strength of radicular dentin to bioceramic sealers

AIM

To assess the impact of adjunctive final root canal disinfection regime curcumin photosensitizer (CP) activated by Photodynamic therapy (PDT), Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECL), and Potassium titanyl Phosphate (KTP) laser on the bond integrity of two endodontic Bioceramic (BC) sealers.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Decoration of eighty human single-rooted teeth was performed up to a cementoenamel junction. After instrumentation, all samples were irrigated with 2.25% NaOCl solution followed by 17% EDTA. The specimens were divided arbitrarily into 8 groups (n = 10) based on the adjunctive final irrigation method used. Group 1 and 5 (Control): No adjunctive regime, cleaned using 2.25% NaOCl + 17% EDTA, group 2 and group 6: CP activated by PDT, Group 3 and Group 7 using ECL, Group 4 and Group 8: KTP laser. Following disinfection samples in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were obturated using Sankin apatite root canal sealer (SARS). Specimens in groups 5, 6, 7, and 8 were obturated using Pro-root endo sealer (PRES). Sectioning of samples was performed. The sectioned specimens were subjected to a compressive loading exerted via a steel plunger moving at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed till debonding. Means and standard deviations (SD) of EBS of BC sealer with the root canal dentin were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Post Hoc Tukey multiple comparison tests. The level of significance was measured at p = 0.05.

RESULTS

The coronal section of samples in group 5 (Na-E-PRES) exhibited the highest bond value. The lowest PBS was displayed by the middle third of specimens in group 6. Group 1 (Na-E-SARS), group 3 (Na-E-ECL-SARS), group 5 (Na-E-PRES), and group 7 (Na-E-ECL-PRES) exhibited comparable bond values (p>0.05). Whereas, group 2 (Na-E-PDT-SARS) and group 4 (Na-E-PTPL-SARS), group 6 (Na-E-PDT-PRES), and group 8 (Na-E-PTPL-PRES) were found to be comparable (p>0.05).

CONCLUSION

Adjunctive use of Er, Cr: YSGG laser displayed better extrusion bond strength with BC root canal sealer compared to CP activated by PDT and KTP laser. Bond strength is influenced by the type of irrigation.

Evaluation of Bond Strength of Four Different Root Canal Sealers

The purposes of the study were to evaluate the influence of the sealer’s chemical composition on the interfacial strength between root canal dentin and root filling material, for two different classes of endodontic sealers, and to assess their failure modes. Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups using the following endodontic sealers: RealSeal SE and Resilon (RSSE); EndoSequence BC sealer and BC Point (EBCS); Endoseal MTA and gutta-percha (EDS); Bioroot RCS and gutta-percha (BRS). Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, and the roots were sectioned horizontally into 1 mm slices. For each slice, the perimeter was measured. A push-out test was performed using an Instron universal testing machine. For each sample, bond strength was calculated. Specimens were examined by SEM investigation in order to analyze the dentin−sealer−core interface. Results were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey and Bonferroni test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that EDS and gutta-percha had significantly higher resistance to dislodgement compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). EBCS and BC Point showed significantly greater push-out bond strength values compared to RSSE and Resilon (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bioceramic endodontic sealers showed a higher bond strength to root dentin than methacrylate resin-based endodontic sealer.

Efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic activation during endodontic treatment: a Meta-analysis of in vitro studies

OBJECTIVE

To ensure a successful endodontic treatment, it is important to have a proper disinfection of the root canal. The current study compares the root canal cleanliness and smear layer score between sonic and ultrasonic activation.

METHOD

Systematic literature review was implemented, using 12 databases. All in vitro studies comparing the efficacy of sonic and ultrasonic activation and reporting at least one outcome of interest were included.

RESULTS

At the apical level, pooling the data in the random-effects model (I²=64%, p = .1) revealed a statistically significant lower smear layer score within the sonic activation group (MD-0.48; 95% CI-0.92, -0.04; p = .03). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant lower push-out bond strength value among the sonic group, in contrast to the ultrasonic group at the middle (MD-0.69; 95% CI-1.13, -0.25; p = .002) and at the apical levels (MD-0.78; 95% CI-1.09, -0.46; p < .0001) of the root canal.

CONCLUSIONS

Sonic activation accomplished advancement relative to ultrasonic agitation in removing the smear layer, while ultrasonic activation resulted in significant cohesion between the sealers and the dentine tubules, decreasing the vulnerability of apical leakage and tooth fracture.

Design Variability of the Push-out Bond Test in Endodontic Research: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION

There is limited literature on the impact of testing variables on the push-out bond test (POBT). This review identified designs of the POBT used in the endodontic literature and aimed to determine which experimental variables may influence the push-out bond strength (POBS).

METHODS

A systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines was performed by searching the PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane library databases using terms including push-out and dislocation resistance and descriptions of endodontic materials. Test variables assessed included method of root preparation, timing of sectioning compared with filling, thickness, diameter and taper of sections, and plunger size and velocity. The POBS of 3 common materials (gutta-percha and AH Plus, mineral trioxide aggregate, and Biodentine) were collected from investigations, and a comparison was attempted.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty-three studies assessed the POBS of root-filling materials, 68 assessed root repair cements/root-end filling materials, and 16 assessed orifice barrier materials other than mineral trioxide aggregate. There was significant variation in all of the assessed variables, resulting in a large range of reported values for the POBS of the various materials. Because of this heterogeneity in study design, no further statistical analysis of the impact of the test variables on POBS was possible.

CONCLUSIONS

There was considerable variation in the POBT design used in endodontic research. Greater standardization is required for future research as well as accurate reporting for all test variables to assess the impact of specific design variables on POBS.

1064-nm Nd:YAG and 980-nm Diode Laser EDTA Agitation on the Retention of an Epoxy-Based Sealer to Root Dentin

Root canal irrigants are used to minimize the negative effects of smear layer on endodontic sealer retention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of agitation of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with ultrasonic, 1064-nm Nd:YAG and 980-nm diode laser on the retention of an epoxy-based sealer to the root canal walls. Forty single-rooted bovine teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary system and divided into four groups according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 10): (1) 17% EDTA (control); (2) 17% EDTA with 50-s ultrasonic agitation; (3) 17% EDTA with 50-s diode laser (2-W) agitation; and (4) 17% EDTA with 50-s Nd:YAG (1.5-W) laser agitation. After endodontic filling with gutta-percha F5 master cone and Sealer 26, the roots were sectioned at the cervical, middle, and apical root thirds to obtain 1.5-mm slices. Push-out tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a 1 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α=0.05). Apical root thirds had significant higher retention values than cervical and middle thirds (p < 0.05). EDTA with 1064-nm Nd:YAG or 980-nm diode laser presented the highest retention values and was significantly different from EDTA with ultrasonic agitation and EDTA only (p < 0.05). Adhesive failures were predominant to EDTA only group. Mixed failures were predominant to all agitation groups. 1064-nm Nd:YAG and 980-nm diode laser EDTA agitation enhanced the retention of the epoxy-based sealer to the root canal walls compared with that due to EDTA only or EDTA with ultrasonic agitation.

Efficacy of Er,Cr:YSGG laser in removing smear layer and debris with two different output powers

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser in removing debris and the smear layer using two different output powers on the apical, middle, and coronal segments of root canal walls.

BACKGROUND DATA

Previous literature has failed to evaluate the exclusive effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on the quality of smear layer and debris removal in all three segments of the root canal space.

METHODS

Sixty extracted teeth were included in the study. After instrumentation, samples were divided into three experimental groups and one positive control group with no further treatment. In group 1, a final irrigation was performed using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), sequentially. In group 2, the samples were treated with a 2.78 μm Er,Cr:YSGG laser with an output power of 1.5 W. The same laser was used in group 3, but with an output power of 2.5 W. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images from the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the roots were prepared and evaluated for both smear layer and debris removal by three blinded observers.

RESULTS

The results showed no differences between groups 1 and 2 regarding the quality of smear layer removal in all areas. However, the 2.5 W laser failed to remove the smear layer effectively. Regarding debris removal, the EDTA and NaOCl irrigation showed significantly better outcomes (adjusted p<0.05) in all areas.

CONCLUSIONS

This study raises questions about the overall cleaning abilities of Er,Cr:YSGG lasers.