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Silva MCR, Amaro LBR, Lima AT, Ferreira AC, de Farias Lelis D, Andrade JMO, Guimarães ALS. Light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation regulates thermogenesis and lipogenesis markers in adipose tissue and improves anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese mice. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:85. [PMID: 36920639 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) irradiation on the expression of thermogenesis and lipogenesis-associated markers in adipose tissue and metabolic parameters of obese mice. Twenty-four male mice were divided into four groups: i) ST fed standard diet; ii) HCD fed hyperglycemic diet; iii) LED + I fed hyperglycemic diet and irradiated with LED in the interscapular region; iv) LED + A fed hyperglycemic diet and irradiated with LED in the abdominal region. The first phase of the study comprehended the induction of obesity for 12 weeks. Next, the animals were submitted to six irradiation sessions (days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21) using a 660-nm LED (5.77 J/cm2 at 48,1 mW/cm2). Anthropometric, biochemical, and histological parameters and the expression of thermogenesis and lipogenesis-associated markers were assessed in adipose tissue. There was diminished weight gain between the HCD and LED + A groups (ST: 0.37 ± 0.65; HCD: 3.10 ± 0.89; LED + I: -1.26 ± 0.83; LED + A: -2.07 ± 1.27 g; p < 0.018). There was a 33.3% and 23.8% reduction in epidydimal adipose tissue weight and a 25% and 10.7% in the visceral adiposity for the LED + I and LED + A groups, respectively, when compared with HCD. There was a decreased accumulation of fat droplets in adipose tissue in LED + A and LED + I groups. Additionally, LED irradiation was associated with increased mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the brown adipose tissue (ST: 2.27 ± 0.19; HCD: 1.54 ± 0.12; LED + I: 2.44 ± 0.22; p = 0.014) and decreased fatty acid synthetase (FAS) expression in epidydimal adipose tissue (ST: 0.79 ± 0.13; HCD: 1.59 ± 0.13; LED + A: 0.85 ± 0.04; p = 0.0008). LED treatment improved anthropometric parameters, possibly associated with the histological alterations, thermogenesis and lipogenesis markers in white adipose tissue, and expression modulation in brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Célio Ribeiro Silva
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lílian Betânia Reis Amaro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Angeliny Tamiarana Lima
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Deborah de Farias Lelis
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Nursing, State University of Montes Claros (Unimontes), Campus Universitário Prof. Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Prof. Rui Braga, s/n - Vila Mauriceia, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39401-089, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Food and Health (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos e Saúde - PPGAS, Federal University of Minas Gerais (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde - PPGCS), State University of Montes Claros (Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros - Unimontes), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Unimontes, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Abdelaal AAM. Obesity Indices and Ventilatory Function Responses to High-Level Laser Therapy in Subjects with Abdominal Obesity. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:57-63. [PMID: 36780575 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of pulsed Nd:YAG high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) on body weight (Wt), body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in young adults with abdominal obesity (AO). Materials and methods: Thirty-seven young adult males (age 19-25 years) with BMI >30 kg/m2 and WC >102 cm participated in this 12-week, randomized controlled study and were randomly allocated into either Group I [received pulsed Nd:YAG HILT plus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (AET) program] or Group II (received placebo pulsed Nd:YAG HILT plus the same AET program). The variables were evaluated pre- and poststudy. Results: Poststudy mean values and percentages of changes were calculated for Wt [83.7 ± 6.58 kg (-6.14%) and 88.71 ± 5.09 kg (-4.29%)], BMI [29.27 ± 1.06 kg/m2 (-6.14%) and 30.09 ± 1.23 kg/m2 (-4.24%)], WC [105.44 ± 5.84 cm (-3.78%) and 109.42 ± 4.9 cm (-1.74%)], FVC [4.79 ± 0.4 L (+13.6%) and 4.39 ± 0.66 L (+5.89%)], and FEV1 [4.04 ± 0.22 L (+16.4%) and 3.82 ± 0.39 L (+8.8%)] for Group I and Group II, respectively. Between groups, there were significant differences in mean values of Wt (p = 0.014), BMI (p = 0.04), WC (p = 0.03), FVC (p = 0.03), and FEV1 (p = 0.04) at the end of the study, but in favor of Group I. Conclusions: Utilizing the pulsed Nd:YAG HILT as an adjunctive therapeutic modality proved to be effective in improving the anthropometric indices and ventilatory functions in subjects with AO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Abdelaal Mohamed Abdelaal
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/Respiratory Disorders and Geriatrics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Filippou A, Damianou C. Experimental evaluation of high intensity focused ultrasound for fat reduction of ex vivo porcine adipose tissue. J Ultrasound 2022; 25:815-825. [PMID: 35106735 PMCID: PMC9705658 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-022-00663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was stimulated by the continuous growth of commercially available high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) systems for fat reduction. Herein, HIFU was utilised for fat ablation using a single-element ultrasonic transducer operating in thermal mode. METHODS The custom-made concave transducer that operates at 1.1 MHz was assessed on excised porcine adipose tissue for its ability to reduce fat. Ultrasonic sonications were executed on the adipose tissue utilising acoustical power between 14 and 75 W and sonication time in the range of 1-10 min. The mass of the adipose tissue sample was weighed afore and after ultrasonic sonications and the effect of the sonication on the mass change was recorded. RESULTS Mass change was linearly dependent with either increasing acoustical power or sonication time and was in the range of 0.46-1.9 g. High acoustical power of 62.5 W for a sonication time of 1 min and a power of 75 W for a sonication time of 5 min, respectively resulted in the formation of a lesion or possible cavitation on the piece of excised adipose tissue. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed transducer in achieving a reduction of excised fat tissue. The present findings indicate the potential use of the transducer in a HIFU system indicated for the reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue where increased values of acoustical power can result in increased amounts of fat reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antria Filippou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Christakis Damianou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Street, 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Fiala T. Abdominal Laser Lipolysis Using a Microprocessor-Controlled Robotic Arm With Noncontact Heating and Cooling. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP1951-NP1961. [PMID: 33903903 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel FDA-cleared device uses a 1064-nm laser to noninvasively induce apoptosis for lipolysis of subcutaneous abdominal fat while maintaining comfortable skin temperatures with a proprietary jet cooling system (eon; Dominion Aesthetic Technologies, Inc., San Antonio, TX). A programmable articulated robotic arm moves the treatment head without any subject contact, maintaining an appropriate 3-dimensional treatment path, compensating for patient movement. OBJECTIVES The goal of this prospective, single center, open-label study was to demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of this device for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat when operated with an updated power delivery curve. METHODS Male and female subjects with Fitzpatrick skin types I to VI (N = 26) were treated. Four abdominal zones up to 150 cm2 each, customized in size and location for body habitus, were treated. Each zone underwent a single 20-minute treatment session. Follow-up visits occurred after 6 and 12 weeks. A standardized protocol was used to obtain ultrasound measurement of subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness, abdominal circumference, reported patient satisfaction and digital images. RESULTS The mean treatment area was 378.5 cm2. At Week 12, there was a 21.6% or 6.3 mm mean reduction in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness and a 4.1-cm (1.6-inch) mean reduction in abdominal circumference. Most subjects (84.6%) were satisfied or very satisfied with their results. The mean pain score was 2.5 on an 11-point ordinal scale. There were no nonresponders. Only 2 adverse events were noted: mild transient erythema (n = 1, 3.8%) and localized subcutaneous firmness (n = 1, 3.8%) which resolved without intervention within 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS This contact-free device is safe and effective for reducing subcutaneous abdominal fat and represents an improvement on the prior treatment protocol. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fiala
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Altamonte Springs, FL,USA
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Serrage H, Heiskanen V, Palin WM, Cooper PR, Milward MR, Hadis M, Hamblin MR. Under the spotlight: mechanisms of photobiomodulation concentrating on blue and green light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1877-1909. [PMID: 31183484 PMCID: PMC6685747 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00089e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the application of light at wavelengths ranging from 400-1100 nm to promote tissue healing, reduce inflammation and promote analgesia. Traditionally, red and near-infra red (NIR) light have been used therapeutically, however recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could prove beneficial including blue and green light. This review aims to evaluate the literature surrounding the potential therapeutic effects of PBM with particular emphasis on the effects of blue and green light. In particular focus is on the possible primary and secondary molecular mechanisms of PBM and also evaluation of the potential effective parameters for application both in vitro and in vivo. Studies have reported that PBM affects an array of molecular targets, including chromophores such as signalling molecules containing flavins and porphyrins as well as components of the electron transport chain. However, secondary mechanisms tend to converge on pathways induced by increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Systematic evaluation of the literature indicated 72% of publications reported beneficial effects of blue light and 75% reported therapeutic effects of green light. However, of the publications evaluating the effects of green light, reporting of treatment parameters was uneven with 41% failing to report irradiance (mW cm-2) and 44% failing to report radiant exposure (J cm-2). This review highlights the potential of PBM to exert broad effects on a range of different chromophores within the body, dependent upon the wavelength of light applied. Emphasis still remains on the need to report exposure and treatment parameters, as this will enable direct comparison between different studies and hence enable the determination of the full potential of PBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Serrage
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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Shanks S, Leisman G. Perspective on Broad-Acting Clinical Physiological Effects of Photobiomodulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1096:41-52. [PMID: 29572678 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Research into photobiomodulation reveals beneficial effects of light therapy for a rapidly expanding list of medical conditions and illnesses. Although it has become more widely accepted by the mainstream medicine, the effects and mechanisms of action appear to be poorly understood. The therapeutic benefits of photobiomodulation using low-energy red lasers extend far beyond superficial applications, with a well-described physics allowing an understanding of how red lasers of certain optimum intensities may cross the cranium. We now have a model for explaining potential therapeusis for applications in functional neurology that include stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative conditions in addition to the currently approved functions in lipolysis, in onychomycosis treatment, and in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerry Leisman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel. .,National Institute for Brain & Rehabilitation Sciences, Nazareth, Israel.
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