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Stănuși AȘ, Popa DL, Ionescu M, Cumpătă CN, Petrescu GS, Ţuculină MJ, Dăguci C, Diaconu OA, Gheorghiță LM, Stănuşi A. Analysis of Temperatures Generated during Conventional Laser Irradiation of Root Canals-A Finite Element Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101757. [PMID: 37238240 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of endodontic treatment is dependent on the removal of bacteria. A modern strategy to reduce bacterial load is laser irradiation. During this procedure, there is a local increase in temperature with possible side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the thermal behavior of a maxillary first molar when performing the conventional irradiation technique using a diode laser. For this study, a 3D virtual model of a maxillary first molar was created. The preparation of the access cavity, the rotary instrumentation of the palatal root canal and the laser irradiation protocol were simulated. The model was exported in a finite element analysis program where the temperature and heat flux were studied. Temperature and heat flux maps were obtained, and the temperature increase on the internal wall of the root canal was analyzed. The maximum temperature value exceeded 400 °C and was maintained for less than 0.5 s. The obtained temperature maps support the bactericidal effect of diode laser and the limitation of damage to surrounding tissues. On internal root walls, the temperature reached several hundred degrees Celsius, but for very short durations. Conventional laser irradiation is an adjuvant method of decontamination of the endodontic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Ștefan Stănuși
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | - Mihaela Ionescu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Cristian Niky Cumpătă
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Titu Maiorescu of Bucharest, 67A Gheorghe Petrascu Str., 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Sebastian Petrescu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Mihaela Jana Ţuculină
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Constantin Dăguci
- Department of Oro-Dental Prevention, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Oana Andreea Diaconu
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Lelia Mihaela Gheorghiță
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andreea Stănuşi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Karic V, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. 940 nm diode laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to temporomandibular joint disc cells. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:23. [PMID: 36038860 PMCID: PMC9422155 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00754-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to a group of disorders that affect temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated muscles with very limited treatment options. Stem cell research is emerging as one of the promising fields in the treatment of degenerative diseases. The ability of human adipose derived stem cells to differentiate into many cell types is driving special interest in several disease management strategies. Photobiomodulation has enhanced the role of these stem cells through their ability to promote cell proliferation and differentiation. Hence, this study examined the differentiation potential of human adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) into fibroblasts and chondrocytes using a 940 nm diode laser for possible TMD therapy. Materials and methods ADSCs were cultured at different seeding densities and for different time intervals. After irradiation at 24, 48, 72 h, 1, 2 and 3 weeks, ADSC viability and morphological changes were assessed in groups with and without basic fibroblast growth factor. Additionally, the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cells was also recorded. The differentiated fibroblasts and chondrocytes were characterized with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence techniques, at 1- and 2-weeks post-irradiation. Results Increased ATP proliferation and cell viability above 90% were observed in all post-irradiation experimental groups. Post irradiation results from flow cytometry and immunofluorescence at 1- and 2‐weeks confirmed the expression of chondrogenic and fibroblastic cell surface markers. Conclusion This study describes stimulatory techniques utilized to differentiate ADSCs into fibroblastic and chondrogenic phenotypes using diode lasers at 940 nm. The study proposes a new treatment model for patients with degenerative disc diseases of the TMJ. The study will offer new possibilities in tissue engineering and TMJ disc management through photobiomodulation of ADSCs using a 940 nm diode laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Karic
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Laser Therapy in Dentistry Division, Department of Prosthodontic and Oral Rehabilitation, Health Sciences Faculty, School of Oral Health Sciences, WITS University, 7 York Street, PO Box 2010, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Rahul Chandran
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, 2028, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Bactericidal effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation on endodontic biofilm: An ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112185. [PMID: 33819769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This ex vivo study aimed to evaluate the of Er,Cr:YSGG laser effectiveness in the decontamination of an endodontic biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three single rooted human teeth, freshly were chosen. Each tooth was exposed to four associated species in an endodontic biofilm (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia) and randomly allocated to one of the seven experimental groups. The group 1 (7 teeth) was used to finalize the reliable biofilm-forming technique. The groups 2 and 3 (15 teeth each group) were irradiated with two different Er;Cr:YSGG laser settings (0,75 W - 40 Hz and 4 W - 40 Hz, respectively). The groups 4 and 5 (15 teeth each group) were irrigated with two different solutions and laser irradiated with the same settings (1,5 W - 15 Hz). The group 6 (6 teeth) was the control group treated only with 4 ml 2,5% NaOCl irrigation during 60 s. RESULTS The observations of group 2 and 3 specimens showed the ripeness of the biofilm with the presence of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus salivarius in chains but in group 3 thermal edge effects produced by the optic fiber in the canal walls were present. The group 4 specimens observation showed an average cleaning of the root canal walls while on the canal walls of group 5 samples the apical third presented several debris and smear layer and in the centre cracks and melting dentin of the radicular wall were observed. CONCLUSION In those experimental conditions, this study, demonstrated that Er,Cr:YSGG laser has a canals decontamination ability when associated to NaOCl irrigation.
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Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Du N, Li X, Zhang Q, Yuan L, Dong F, Jiang Y, Tang J, Wang Y. Antimicrobial Activity of an Implantable Wireless Blue Light-Emitting Diode Against Root Canal Biofilm In Vitro. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:694-702. [PMID: 33103954 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We developed an implantable wireless blue micro light-emitting diode (micro-LED) device and evaluated the utility of continuous antimicrobial blue light (aBL) irradiation emitted from this micro-LED for root canal disinfection. Methods: An implantable wireless blue micro-LED device (peak wavelength: 410 nm, maximum power: 15 mW) was developed to be placed in the root canal. Optical transmission of the device in human dentin tissue was simulated using Monte Carlo ray-tracing method. The bactericidal effect of low-level aBL on planktonic root canal infection-related bacteria [Enterococcus faecalis, methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus (MRSA), and Prevotella intermedia] was evaluated by colony counting. The biocompatibility of continuous low-level aBL exposure was evaluated by infrared thermal imaging and cell viability tests. Thirty extracted intact human single-rooted teeth were prepared and the root canals were infected with E. faecalis for 14 days to form biofilm. The infected root canals were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10), and treated with normal saline (group NS), calcium hydroxide (group CH), and micro-LED device (group aBL) for 3 and 7 days. The bactericidal effect of each group was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Monte Carlo simulation showed that blue light irradiation of the micro-LED device decreased exponentially with the light transmission distance through human dentin tissue. Planktonic E. faecalis, MRSA, and P. intermedia were significantly eliminated after irradiation with 432, 36, and 1.35 J/cm2 aBL, respectively (p < 0.05). Infrared thermal imaging and cell viability tests showed that continuous aBL exposure is biocompatible in vitro. CLSM and SEM analyses revealed that the micro-LED device had a greater antimicrobial effect than CH on E. faecalis biofilm in the root canal. Conclusions: The wireless blue micro-LED device is a promising and user-friendly approach for root canal disinfection that will facilitate infection control in the root canal using aBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yamin Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Du
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefen Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lintian Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Jiang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Technology of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing, China
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Genc Sen O, Kaya M. Effect of Root Canal Disinfection with a Diode Laser on Postoperative Pain After Endodontic Retreatment. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:85-90. [PMID: 31050927 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the influence of root canal disinfection with a 940-nm diode laser on the intensity of pain after endodontic retreatment. Background data: Microorganisms are the most common causes of tooth pain. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to explore the effect of disinfection techniques on postoperative pain. Methods: Eighty-four patients scheduled for endodontic retreatment were allocated to two groups in a 1:1 ratio (n = 42 each). After root canal filling removal and chemomechanical procedures, the root canals were disinfected with a 940-nm diode laser in one group [laser disinfection (LD) group]. In the other group, a mock application of laser was made with the power off [pseudo-laser disinfection (PLD) group]. All retreatment procedures were completed in a single visit. The patients assessed their pain levels at 24, 48, and 72 h after retreatment using a numeric rating scale. The number of analgesic pills used during this period was also recorded. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Postoperative pain on the first 2 days was significantly lesser in the LD group than in the PLD group (p < 0.05), and the difference became insignificant on the third day (p > 0.05). Moreover, analgesic intake over 3 days and pain on percussion on the fourth day were significantly lesser in the LD group than in the PLD group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Elimination of microorganisms from root canals is important for preventing postoperative complications. Our findings suggest that diode LD can reduce postoperative pain and provide comfort after endodontic retreatment. This study is registered in www.ClinicalTrials.gov database with the identifier number NCT03584880.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Genc Sen
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Melih Kaya
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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