Effects of an Er,Cr:YSGG Laser on Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects of Rats Exposed to Inhalation of Cigarette Smoke

Osseointegration of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in rats with high serum levels of nicotine

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nicotine administration on the osseointegration of a superhydrophilic implants surface on rat tibiae. Thirty-two rats were used and divided into 2 groups according to the administration or not of nicotine: HH - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in healthy animals; and HN - Installation of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in animals subjected to nicotine administration. The animals were euthanized 15 and 45 days after implant placement (n = 8). Osseointegration was assessed by means of biomechanical analyses (removal torque), microcomputed tomography (volume of bone around the implants- %BV/TV), and histomorphometry (bone-implant contact -%BIC and the bone area between implant threads -%BBT). The animals subject to the nicotine administration presented lower removal torque than the control animals at the 45-day period (21.88 ± 2.80 Ncm vs. 17.88 ± 2.10 Ncm). The implants placed in the control rats presented higher %BIC (54.26 ± 6.59% vs. 39.25 ± 4.46%) and %BBT (50.57 ± 5.28% vs. 32.25 ± 5.24%) than the implants placed in nicotine animals at 15-day period. The nicotine administration reduces the osseointegration at 15 days, however, the superhydrophilic surface equalized the osseointegration in nicotine-exposed animals compared with healthy animals after 45 days of implant placement.

Bone Healing Evaluation Following Different Osteotomic Techniques in Animal Models: A Suitable Method for Clinical Insights

Osteotomy is a common step in oncological, reconstructive, and trauma surgery. Drilling and elevated temperature during osteotomy produce thermal osteonecrosis. Heat and associated mechanical damage during osteotomy can impair bone healing, with consequent failure of fracture fixation or dental implants. Several ex vivo studies on animal bone were recently focused on heating production during osteotomy with conventional drill and piezoelectric devices, particularly in endosseous dental implant sites. The current literature on bone drilling and osteotomic surface analysis is here reviewed and the dynamics of bone healing after osteotomy with traditional and piezoelectric devices are discussed. Moreover, the methodologies involved in the experimental osteotomy and clinical studies are compared, focusing on ex vivo and in vivo findings.

Effect of laser treatment on outcomes of tooth replantation - A systematic review

Objectives

Over the last few years, several studies have investigated the effect of laser treatment on the replantation of avulsed teeth. We conducted this study to systematically analyse and assess the outcomes and quality of these studies.

Methods

Using the keywords ‘laser’, ‘tooth’, and ‘replantation’, two investigators conducted an electronic search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar databases. Any studies not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded. The focused question was ‘Does laser treatment influence the outcomes of tooth replantation?’

Results

Nine studies were included and assessed in this review. In the majority of the selected studies, laser treatment had a positive outcome on preventing root resorption and in promoting periodontal regeneration. However, only three studies were given a quality score of ‘medium’, while six were marked as ‘low’.

Conclusion

Laser irradiation may reduce root resorption and favour periodontal regeneration following replantation of the avulsed tooth. However, more well-designed long-term animal and human studies are needed before lasers can be used clinically to improve the outcomes for replanted teeth.