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Brenes-Alvarado A, Farias-da-Silva FF, Soto-Montero JR, Benine-Warlet J, Groppo FC, Steiner-Oliveira C. Reduction of microorganisms in carious dentin by photodynamic therapy mediated by potassium iodide added to methylene blue and red laser. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 164:105978. [PMID: 38718465 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the association of potassium iodide to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on human carious dentin produced with a microcosm biofilm model. METHODS A microcosm biofilm model was used to generate a caries lesion on human dentin. Pooled human saliva diluted with glycerol was used as an inoculum on specimens immersed on McBain artificial saliva enriched with 1 % sucrose (24 h at 37 °C in 5 % CO2). After refreshing culture media for 7 days, the dentin specimens were divided in 5 groups (3 specimens per group, in triplicate; n = 9): C (NaCl 0.9 %), CX (2 % chlorhexidine), PKI (0.01 % methylene blue photosensitizer+50 mM KI), L (laser at 15 J, 180 s, 22.7 J/cm2), and PKIL (methylene blue + KI + Laser). After the treatments, dentin was collected, and a 10-fold serial dilution was performed. The number of total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and Streptococcus mutans was analyzed by microbial counts (CFU/mL). After normality and homoscedasticity analysis, the Welch's ANOVA and Dunnett's tests were used for CFU. All tests used a 5 % significance level. RESULTS CX and PKIL groups showed significant bacterial decontamination of dentin, compared to group C (p < 0.05) reaching reductions up to 3.8 log10 for CX for all microorganisms' groups and PKIL showed 0.93, 1.30, 1.45, and 1.22 log10 for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION aPDT mediated by the association of KI and methylene blue with red laser reduced the viability of microorganisms from carious dentin and could be a promising option for cavity decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Brenes-Alvarado
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Fabrício Farias-da-Silva
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rodrigo Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, Montes de Oca, SJ, Costa Rica
| | - Juliana Benine-Warlet
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (FOP), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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Piksa M, Lian C, Samuel IC, Pawlik KJ, Samuel IDW, Matczyszyn K. The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1697-1722. [PMID: 36779328 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. APDT uses light to excite a light-activated chemical (photosensitiser), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many APDT studies confirm its efficacy in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. However, the development of the field is focused on exploring potential targets and developing new photosensitisers. The role of light, a crucial element for ROS production, has been neglected. What are the main parameters essential for effective photosensitiser activation? Does an optimal light radiant exposure exist? And finally, which light source is best? Many reports have described the promising antibacterial effects of APDT in vitro, however, its application in vivo, especially in clinical settings remains very limited. The restricted availability may partially be due to a lack of standard conditions or protocols, arising from the diversity of selected photosensitising agents (PS), variable testing conditions including light sources used for PS activation and methods of measuring anti-bacterial activity and their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on APDT associated with the light source used. We show how the reduction of pathogens depends on the light source applied, radiant exposure and irradiance of light used, and type of pathogen, and so critically appraise the current state of development of APDT and areas to be addressed in future studies. We anticipate that further standardisation of the experimental conditions will help the field advance, and suggest key optical and biological parameters that should be reported in all APDT studies. More in vivo and clinical studies are needed and are expected to be facilitated by advances in light sources, leading to APDT becoming a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option for bacterial and other microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piksa
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Imogen C Samuel
- School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Brenes-Alvarado A, Soto-Montero J, Farias-da-Silva FF, Benine-Warlet J, Ribeiro AF, Groppo FC, Steiner-Oliveira C. Does potassium iodide help in the microbial reduction of oral microcosm biofilms after photodynamic therapy with methylene blue and red laser? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103123. [PMID: 36115559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) doped with potassium iodide (KI) against oral microcosms biofilms cultured in dentin. METHODS A saliva-glycerol stock formed from pooled human saliva was diluted in McBain artificial saliva with 1% sucrose (1:1), inoculated on bovine dentin blocks, and refreshed daily for 5 days. The biofilms were divided (n = 9/group) and treated with 0.9% NaCl (C), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CX), 0.01% MB + low-power laser 15 J, 88 mW, 180 s (PL), and 0.01% MB + 50 mM KI + laser (PKIL). Serial dilution was performed, and cellular viability (CFU/mL) was evaluated for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans. Additional biofilms were cultured and treated (n = 4) for biomass determination (%BMR). The microscopic structure of the biofilms was observed by SEM. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were conducted (α=5%). RESULTS Total microorganisms and total streptococci significantly reduced in biofilms treated with CX and PKIL when compared to C, but the CX, PKIL, and PL treatments did not differ from each other. Total lactobacilli and S. mutans showed a significant reduction in the CX, PL, and PKIL groups when compared to C, but with no difference between them. Biomass analysis showed a significantly reduction for CX and PKIL compared to C. SEM micrographs showed noticeable changes in bacterial membrane integrity for the PKIL and CX groups. CONCLUSION The addition of KI to methylene blue-mediated aPDT in microcosm biofilms was effective in reducing oral microorganisms, but the effect was group dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Brenes-Alvarado
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Instalaciones Deportivas, Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Instalaciones Deportivas, Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Fabrício Farias-da-Silva
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Benine-Warlet
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Andreza Ferraz Ribeiro
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 3414-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
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Potassium iodide enhances inactivation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red laser. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102622. [PMID: 34775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) addition on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by red laser (λ = 660 nm) and methylene blue in Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultured in 96-well plates containing BHI broth with 1% sucrose for 18 h, 10% CO2 and 37°C and divided in groups (n = 3, in triplicate): C (NaCl 0.9%); CX (0.2% chlorhexidine); P (photosensitizer); KI (10, 25 and 50 mM); PKI (10, 25 and 50 mM); L (L 1: : 100 J/cm2, 9 J; L2: 200 J/cm2, 18 J); PL (photosensitizer + L1 or L2); KIL (KI at 10, 25 and 50 mM + L1 or L2); and PKIL (photosensitizer + 10, 25 and 50 mM KI + L1 or L2). Biofilms were submitted to three pre-irradiation (PI) times (5, 10, and 15 min). After the treatments, microbial counting's reduction was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests, respectively, and the interaction between light parameters and the PI times by two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS The S. mutans viability significantly reduced in all aPDT groups, in the presence or absence of KI (p < 0.05). For all PI times, PKIL groups (10, 25, and 50 mM) significantly differed from PL groups (p < 0.05) with a reduction of 9.0 logs reached at 50 mM of KI with 15 min of PI, irradiated at 18 J. We found no significant interaction between PI time and irradiation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Addition KI to TFDA mediated by methylene blue and red laser promoted an additional effect in reducing the microbial viability of S. mutans biofilm.
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de Paula GS, Oliveira MC, Sales LS, Boriollo M, Rodrigues LKA, Nobre-Dos-Santos M, Steiner-Oliveira C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by methylene blue coupled to β-cyclodextrin reduces early colonizing microorganisms from the oral biofilm. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102283. [PMID: 33813017 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (A-PDT) on the oral biofilm formed with early colonizing microorganisms, using the photosensitizer methylene blue coupled with β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles and red light sources laser or LED (λ =660 nm). METHODS The groups were divided into (n = 3, in triplicate): C (negative control, 0.9 % NaCl), CX (positive control, 0.2 % chlorhexidine), P (Photosensitizer/Nanoparticle), L (Laser), LED (light-emitting diode), LP (Laser + Photosensitizer/Nanoparticle) and LEDP (LED + Photosensitizer/Nanoparticle). A multispecies biofilm composed ofS. gordonii, S. oralis, S. mitis, and S. sanguinis was grown in microplates containing BHI supplemented with 1% sucrose (w/v) for 24 h. Light irradiations were applied with a laser at 9 J for 90 s (320 J/cm2), or with LED, at 8.1 J for 90 s (8.1 J/cm2). The microbial reduction was assessed by counting viable biofilm microorganisms in selective culture media, before and after the treatments. Data normality was assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis analysis, followed by Dunn's test, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS The groups LP and LEDP were able to significantly reduce the biofilm microorganism counts by as much as 4 log10 times compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05) and did not statistically differ from the positive control group (CX) (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The A-PDT mediated by encapsulated β-cyclodextrin methylene blue irradiated by Laser or LED was effective in the microbial reduction of multispecies biofilm composed of early colonizing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Santana de Paula
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Mateus Cardoso Oliveira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Solera Sales
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Boriollo
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Lidiany Karla Azevedo Rodrigues
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Zip Code: 60430-170, Brazil.
| | - Marinês Nobre-Dos-Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Wang C, Makvandi P, Zare EN, Tay FR, Niu L. Advances in Antimicrobial Organic and Inorganic Nanocompounds in Biomedicine. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710000 China
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceShahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Ahvaz 6153753843 Iran
- Institute for Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council (CNR) Naples 80125 Italy
| | | | - Franklin R. Tay
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710000 China
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA
| | - Li‐na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710000 China
- College of Graduate StudiesAugusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA
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Yang K, Zhang Z, Du J, Li W, Pei Z. Host–guest interaction based supramolecular photodynamic therapy systems: a promising candidate in the battle against cancer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5865-5876. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent advances in the development of supramolecular photodynamic therapy based on host–guest interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Yang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Chimie ParisTech
- PSL University
- CNRS
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris
- 75231 Paris
| | - Jie Du
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Wei Li
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Hebei Province
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
| | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy
- Northwest A&F University
- Yangling 712100
- P. R. China
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