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Timimi ZA. The impact of 980nm diode laser irradiation on the proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from the umbilical cord's. Tissue Cell 2024; 91:102568. [PMID: 39303440 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Various cell types can have their growth accelerated by using low-intensity laser radiation. The study is intended to look at the impacts of laser radiation at low energy intensity on the ability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) generated from umbilical cords to proliferate as well as survive in low-nutrient conditions. The study applied two different energy densities, 2.5 j/cm2 and 5 j/cm2, using a 980 nm diode laser radiation. This allowed for the observation of the effects of these specific elements on the behavior of the cells in a controlled environment at various concentrations of fetal bovine (7.5 %, 10 %, 12.5 %, and 15 %). The cells were grown in a medium lacking in nutrients and were enriched with varying quantities of serum from fetal bovines. The MTT test was used to evaluate the mitochondrial activity of the cell. Following 72 hours, it was shown that cells treated with 2.5 j/cm2 and 10 % fetal bovine serum had significantly higher MTT test activity than cells treated with 5 j/cm2.The results of this study show that even in the presence of dietary deficiencies, low-intensity laser radiation therapy can stimulate the growth of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from umbilical cords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Al Timimi
- Laser Physics Department, College of Science for Women, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq.
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2
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Hu Q, Liu X, Zhao Z, Guo Z, Liu Q, Liu N. Clinical efficacy and pain control of diode laser-assisted flap surgery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33510. [PMID: 39040384 PMCID: PMC11260959 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the diode laser-assisted periodontal flap surgery's clinical effectiveness and postoperative pain management in treating chronic periodontitis, and to offer evidence-based medical justification for the procedure's clinical use. Data sources and study selection In this study, a computer combined with manual search was used to search for articles on diode laser-assisted periodontal flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis published from the establishment of the database to September 2023. The databases searched included China Academic Journal Full Text Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, PubMed, Web of science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. Two researchers independently performed the screening and study selection, following the inclusion and exclusion standards to extract basic information and required data. Meta-analysis of the included literature was performed using Revman V5.4 software. Result Thirteen articles were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed that the use of the diode laser was effective in reducing patients' probing pocket depth (PPD) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (3 months: MD = -0.46, 95 % CI = [-0.89, -0.03], P = 0.04; 6 months: MD = -0.35, 95 % CI = [-0.63, -0.06], P = 0.02), was able to effectively improve 3 month clinical attachment level (CAL) (MD = -0.36, 95 % CI = [-0.66, -0.06], P = 0.02), and was able to promote wound healing and reduce patients' early postoperative pain (MD = 0.67, 95 % CI = [0.01, 1.32], P = 0.05; MD = -1.67, 95 % CI = [-2.23, -1.00], and P < 0. 001), while for gingival index (GI), the use of diode laser did not have a significant effect. Conclusions The available evidence suggests that the use of a diode laser adjunct is effective in reducing PPD, improving CAL, promoting wound healing, and reducing early postoperative pain in patients compared with flap application alone; however, for GI, diode lasers did not show any improvements. Clinical significance Periodontal flap surgery fails to eliminate microorganisms from the soft tissue wall, potentially leading to recolonization, reinfection, and accompanying side effects such as pain and swelling. The use of a diode laser reduces PPD, improves CAL, and relieves early postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyu Hu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xuanning Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Zhijiao Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
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Reiter RJ, Sharma R, Tan DX, Chuffa LGDA, da Silva DGH, Slominski AT, Steinbrink K, Kleszczynski K. Dual sources of melatonin and evidence for different primary functions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1414463. [PMID: 38808108 PMCID: PMC11130361 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1414463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
This article discusses data showing that mammals, including humans, have two sources of melatonin that exhibit different functions. The best-known source of melatonin, herein referred to as Source #1, is the pineal gland. In this organ, melatonin production is circadian with maximal synthesis and release into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid occurring during the night. Of the total amount of melatonin produced in mammals, we speculate that less than 5% is synthesized by the pineal gland. The melatonin rhythm has the primary function of influencing the circadian clock at the level of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (the CSF melatonin) and the clockwork in all peripheral organs (the blood melatonin) via receptor-mediated actions. A second source of melatonin (Source # 2) is from multiple tissues throughout the body, probably being synthesized in the mitochondria of these cells. This constitutes the bulk of the melatonin produced in mammals and is concerned with metabolic regulation. This review emphasizes the action of melatonin from peripheral sources in determining re-dox homeostasis, but it has other critical metabolic effects as well. Extrapineal melatonin synthesis does not exhibit a circadian rhythm and it is not released into the blood but acts locally in its cell of origin and possibly in a paracrine matter on adjacent cells. The factors that control/influence melatonin synthesis at extrapineal sites are unknown. We propose that the concentration of melatonin in these cells is determined by the subcellular redox state and that melatonin synthesis may be inducible under stressful conditions as in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Applied Biomedical Sciences, University of the Incarnate Word, School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio TX, United States
| | - Luiz Gustavo de Almieda Chuffa
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Setor de Anatomia - Instituto de Biociências, IBB/UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Grunig Humberto da Silva
- Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Três Lagoas, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- US and Pathology Laboratory Service, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Chen TC, Chang SW. Non-lethal exposure to short-wavelength light-emitting diodes modulates tight-junction structure in human corneal epithelial cells via cAMP-dependent signaling. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 252:112869. [PMID: 38368634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LED)-derived lights have been widely used as a medical treatment in photobiomodulation (PBM). However, the PBM effects in ophthalmology are less well investigated. Herein, we explored the effect of LED-generated light on the tight-junction (TJ) formation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCEs). The HCEs were separately exposed to monochromatic LEDs at wavelengths of 365 nm (UVA), 420 nm (violet), 470 nm (blue), 530 nm (green), 590 nm (amber), 660 nm (deep red), and 740 nm (far red) at 10 J/cm2/day for 1 and 2 days. Long-term cultivation of HCEs without LED exposure for up to 14 days was established as a control. The effects of both LED wavelength and culture duration on cell morphology, cAMP-regulated proteins, TJ-associated proteins, and cell growth-associated proteins were also analyzed. Together with the increase in cell number during prolonged cultivation, cAMP, ZO-1, ZO-2, CLDN1, and CLDN4 all increased significantly during long-term cultivation without LED exposure. There was no difference in HCE viability after exposure to all monochromatic LEDs at an accumulated dose of 20 J/cm2. As determined by immunoblotting, UVA, violet, and blue light increased intracellular cAMP, ZO-1, ZO-2, CLDN1, and CLDN4 expression, respectively. UVA and violet, but not blue, light increased PKAreg-pS77 expression. However, none of the other treatments changed the expression of PKAcat-pT197, VASP-pS157, Bax, Bcl-2, or Bcl-xL. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed the formation of TJ structures. The expressions of ZO-1, ZO-2, CLDN1, and CLDN4 as well as TJ structures 2 days following UVA, violet, and blue exposure were similar to those of control cells after 9 days of cultivation. We conclude that short-wavelength LEDs at non-lethal exposure intensities accelerated the formation of TJ structure in HCEs via a cAMP-dependent regulatory cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Chi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wen Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Agbele AT, Dehpour AR, Jafari RM, Mahdavi SRM, Elyassi A, Seydi M, Bagheri M, Ala M, Roudsari BA, Hejazi M. Development and Application of Prototype System Based on Light-Emitting Diode Arrays (660 nm) with a Top Hat Beam Profile in Order to Optimize Photobiomodulation Protocols for Treatment of Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis in Rats. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:622-631. [PMID: 37890115 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis (OM) is a common adverse effect of radiation to the head and neck. Recent research has shown that extra oral photobiomodulation (EO-PBM) reduces the severity of OM. However, appropriate EO-PBM therapy parameters for OM severity reduction have not been documented. Objective: This work aims to optimize EO-PBM radiation parameters for lowering the severity of radiation-induced OM in rats by establishing a photobiomodulation (PBM) treatment system based on light-emitting diode arrays with top-hat beam profile. Methods: The 36 rats are separated into 2 control groups and 4 groups receiving PBM treatment. The PBM groups are exposed to irradiance between 4 and 24 J/cm2 at 660 nm. The cheek pouch mucosa is removed after scarification for biochemical and histological examination. Student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's Multiple were applied to compare the statistical significance of differences between control groups and PBM treatment groups. Results: Statistical analysis reveals that PBM irradiation at 12 J/cm2 (200 sec) with a flatness of 0.8 and a diameter of 3 cm substantially decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines compared with the positive control group. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the designed treatment PBM system is capable of delivering the optical parameters necessary for therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaba Tolulope Agbele
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Mohammad Jafari
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rabi Mehdi Mahdavi
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Arash Elyassi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Seydi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bagheri
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arji Roudsari
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marjaneh Hejazi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Kanara I, Kodukula K, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG. Epilepsy: Mitochondrial connections to the 'Sacred' disease. Mitochondrion 2023; 72:84-101. [PMID: 37582467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Over 65 million people suffer from recurrent, unprovoked seizures. The lack of validated biomarkers specific for myriad forms of epilepsy makes diagnosis challenging. Diagnosis and monitoring of childhood epilepsy add to the need for non-invasive biomarkers, especially when evaluating antiseizure medications. Although underlying mechanisms of epileptogenesis are not fully understood, evidence for mitochondrial involvement is substantial. Seizures affect 35%-60% of patients diagnosed with mitochondrial diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction is pathophysiological in various epilepsies, including those of non-mitochondrial origin. Decreased ATP production caused by malfunctioning brain cell mitochondria leads to altered neuronal bioenergetics, metabolism and neurological complications, including seizures. Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation initiates ferroptosis, a cell death pathway that aligns with altered mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism and morphology found in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Studies in mouse genetic models with seizure phenotypes where the function of an essential selenoprotein (GPX4) is targeted suggest roles for ferroptosis in epilepsy. GPX4 is pivotal in NDDs, where selenium protects interneurons from ferroptosis. Selenium is an essential central nervous system micronutrient and trace element. Low serum concentrations of selenium and other trace elements and minerals, including iron, are noted in diagnosing childhood epilepsy. Selenium supplements alleviate intractable seizures in children with reduced GPX activity. Copper and cuproptosis, like iron and ferroptosis, link to mitochondria and NDDs. Connecting these mechanistic pathways to selenoproteins provides new insights into treating seizures, pointing to using medicines including prodrugs of lipoic acid to treat epilepsy and to potential alternative therapeutic approaches including transcranial magnetic stimulation (transcranial), photobiomodulation and vagus nerve stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Douglas V Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis P Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Whitney R Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
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Abijo A, Lee CY, Huang CY, Ho PC, Tsai KJ. The Beneficial Role of Photobiomodulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1828. [PMID: 37509468 PMCID: PMC10377111 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT), involves the use of light from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) in the treatment of various disorders and it has recently gained increasing interest. Progressive neuronal loss with attendant consequences such as cognitive and/or motor decline characterize neurodegenerative diseases. The available therapeutic drugs have only been able to provide symptomatic relief and may also present with some side effects, thus precluding their use in treatment. Recently, there has been an exponential increase in interest and attention in the use of PBM as a therapy in various neurodegenerative diseases in animal studies. Because of the financial and social burden of neurodegenerative diseases on the sufferers and the need for the discovery of potential therapeutic inventions in their management, it is pertinent to examine the beneficial effects of PBM and the various cellular mechanisms by which it modulates neural activity. Here, we highlight the various ways by which PBM may possess beneficial effects on neural activity and has been reported in various neurodegenerative conditions (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, TBI, stroke) with the hope that it may serve as an alternative therapy in the management of neurodegenerative diseases because of the biological side effects associated with drugs currently used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji Abijo
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ben S. Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo 121003, Nigeria
| | - Chun-Yuan Lee
- Aether Services, Taiwan, Ltd., Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Chuan Ho
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Yang Y, Kim OS, Liu G, Lee BN, Liu D, Fu W, Zhu S, Kang JS, Kim B, Kim O. Effects of Red LED Irradiation in Enhancing the Mineralization of Human Dental Pulp Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119767. [PMID: 37298716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dentin regeneration is the preferred method used to preserve dental pulp vitality after pulp exposure due to caries. Red light-emitting diode irradiation (LEDI), which is based on photobiomodulation (PBM), has been used to promote hard-tissue regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism still needs elucidation. This study aimed to explore the mechanism involved in red LEDI affecting dentin regeneration. Alizarin red S (ARS) staining revealed that red LEDI induced mineralization of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) in vitro. We further distinguished the cell proliferation (0-6 d), differentiation (6-12 d), and mineralization (12-18 d) of HDPCs in vitro and treated cells either with or without red LEDI in each stage. The results showed that red LEDI treatment in the mineralization stage, but not the proliferation or differentiation stages, increased mineralized nodule formation around HDPCs. Western blot also indicated that red LEDI treatment in the mineralization stage, but not the proliferation or differentiation stages, upregulated the expression of dentin matrix marker proteins (dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP; dentin matrix protein 1, DMP1; osteopontin, OPN) and an intracellular secretory vesicle marker protein (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1, LAMP1). Therefore, the red LEDI might enhance the matrix vesicle secretion of HDPCs. On the molecular level, red LEDI enhanced mineralization by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (ERK and P38). ERK and P38 inhibition reduced mineralized nodule formation and the expression of relevant marker proteins. In summary, red LEDI enhanced the mineralization of HDPCs by functioning to produce a positive effect in the mineralization stage in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Dental Implant Center, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Guo Liu
- Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin-Na Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Science Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenqi Fu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyu Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggook Kim
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Okjoon Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Zimmerman S, Hardeland R. Melatonin: Both a Messenger of Darkness and a Participant in the Cellular Actions of Non-Visible Solar Radiation of Near Infrared Light. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:89. [PMID: 36671781 PMCID: PMC9855654 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the history of melatonin research, almost exclusive focus has been on nocturnally-generated pineal melatonin production, which accounts for its circadian rhythm in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid; these light/dark melatonin cycles drive the daily and seasonal photoperiodic alterations in organismal physiology. Because pineal melatonin is produced and secreted primarily at night, it is referred to as the chemical expression of darkness. The importance of the other sources of melatonin has almost been ignored. Based on current evidence, there are at least four sources of melatonin in vertebrates that contribute to the whole-body melatonin pool. These include melatonin produced by (1) the pineal gland; (2) extrapineal cells, tissues, and organs; (3) the microbiota of the skin, mouth, nose, digestive tract, and vagina as well as (4) melatonin present in the diet. These multiple sources of melatonin exhibit differentially regulated mechanisms for its synthesis. Visible light striking the retina or an intense physical stimulus can suppress nocturnal pineal melatonin levels; in contrast, there are examples where extrapineal melatonin levels are increased during heavy exercise in daylight, which contains the whole range of NIR radiation. The cumulative impact of all cells producing augmented extrapineal melatonin is sufficient to elevate sweat concentrations, and potentially, if the exposure is sustained, to also increasing the circulating values. The transient increases in sweat and plasma melatonin support the premise that extrapineal melatonin has a production capacity that exceeds by far what can be produced by the pineal gland, and is used to maintain intercellular homeostasis and responds to rapid changes in ROS density. The potential regulatory mechanisms of near infrared light (NIR) on melatonin synthesis are discussed in detail herein. Combined with the discovery of high levels of melanopsin in most fat cells and their response to light further calls into question pineal centric theories. While the regulatory processes related to microbiota-derived melatonin are currently unknown, there does seem to be crosstalk between melatonin derived from the host and that originating from microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | | | - Ruediger Hardeland
- Johann Friedric Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101743. [PMID: 36294882 PMCID: PMC9605396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a major cause of tooth loss, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria with the additional aspect of being a noncommunicable disease closely related to lifestyle. Tissue destruction based on chronic inflammation is influenced by host and environmental factors. The treatment of periodontal disease varies according to the condition of each individual patient. Although guidelines provide standardized treatment, optimization is difficult because of the wide range of treatment options and variations in the ideas and skills of the treating practitioner. The new medical concepts of “precision medicine” and “personalized medicine” can provide more predictive treatment than conventional methods by stratifying patients in detail and prescribing treatment methods accordingly. This requires a new diagnostic system that integrates information on individual patient backgrounds (biomarkers, genetics, environment, and lifestyle) with conventional medical examination information. Currently, various biomarkers and other new examination indices are being investigated, and studies on periodontal disease-related genes and the complexity of oral bacteria are underway. This review discusses the possibilities and future challenges of precision periodontics and describes the new generation of laboratory methods and advanced periodontal disease treatment approaches as the basis for this new field.
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Photobiomodulation Literature Watch March 2022. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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