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Characterization of Hepatic Dysfunction in Subjects Diagnosed With Chronic GVHD by NIH Consensus Criteria. Transplant Cell Ther 2022; 28:747.e1-747.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mahtab S, Kar P, Saha S, Sreenivas V, Sottini A, Imberti L, Goswami R. Central Immune Tolerance of T and B Cells in Patients With Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism, T1D, and Autoimmune Thyroiditis. J Endocr Soc 2019; 3:1175-1184. [PMID: 31139764 PMCID: PMC6532674 DOI: 10.1210/js.2018-00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Pathogenesis of idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IH) is under investigation. Abnormalities in central immune tolerance have yet not been investigated in this condition. T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs), formed during receptor gene rearrangements, are tools to assess central T- and B-cell output. OBJECTIVE We assessed the number of circulating TRECs and KRECs in patients with IH, autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D), and autoimmune thyroiditis (ATs) and healthy controls (HCs). DESIGN Comparative case-control at tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Absolute and relative TRECs and KRECs were measured in DNA extracted from whole blood of patients with IH (n = 181, 22 of whom were reassessed after a decade of follow-up) and T1D (n = 133), AT (n = 53), and HC (n = 135) using a quantitative real-time PCR/TaqMan® probe technique. RESULTS Absolute and relative means of TRECs and KRECs in IH were comparable to HCs, and no differences were found between IH with and without calcium-sensing receptor antibodies or class I HLA-A*26:01 association. TRECs and KRECs did not change after a decade of follow-up. T1D had significantly higher absolute TRECs than IH, AT, and HCs, whereas AT patients showed lower TRECs and the highest KRECs; these levels showed no noteworthy correlation with thyroid dysfunctions. CONCLUSION Patients with IH showed TRECs and KRECs comparable to HCs, indicating an intact mechanism of T- and B-cell central immune tolerance. Interestingly, absolute TRECs were significantly higher in T1D than HCs, suggesting impaired central immune tolerance in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrina Mahtab
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parmita Kar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Soma Saha
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alessandra Sottini
- Diagnostic Department, Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Diagnostic Department, Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ravinder Goswami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ernszt D, Banfai K, Kellermayer Z, Pap A, Lord JM, Pongracz JE, Kvell K. PPARgamma Deficiency Counteracts Thymic Senescence. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1515. [PMID: 29163553 PMCID: PMC5681731 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymic senescence contributes to increased incidence of infection, cancer and autoimmunity at senior ages. This process manifests as adipose involution. As with other adipose tissues, thymic adipose involution is also controlled by PPARgamma. This is supported by observations reporting that systemic PPARgamma activation accelerates thymic adipose involution. Therefore, we hypothesized that decreased PPARgamma activity could prevent thymic adipose involution, although it may trigger metabolic adverse effects. We have confirmed that both human and murine thymic sections show marked staining for PPARgamma at senior ages. We have also tested the thymic lobes of PPARgamma haplo-insufficient and null mice. Supporting our working hypothesis both adult PPARgamma haplo-insufficient and null mice show delayed thymic senescence by thymus histology, thymocyte mouse T-cell recombination excision circle qPCR and peripheral blood naive T-cell ratio by flow-cytometry. Delayed senescence showed dose-response with respect to PPARgamma deficiency. Functional immune parameters were also evaluated at senior ages in PPARgamma haplo-insufficient mice (null mice do not reach senior ages due to metabolic adverse affects). As expected, sustained and elevated T-cell production conferred oral tolerance and enhanced vaccination efficiency in senior PPARgamma haplo-insufficient, but not in senior wild-type littermates according to ELISA IgG measurements. Of note, humans also show increased oral intolerance issues and decreased protection by vaccines at senior ages. Moreover, PPARgamma haplo-insufficiency also exists in human known as a rare disease (FPLD3) causing metabolic adverse effects, similar to the mouse. When compared to age- and metabolic disorder-matched other patient samples (FPLD2 not affecting PPARgamma activity), FPLD3 patients showed increased human Trec (hTrec) values by qPCR (within healthy human range) suggesting delayed thymic senescence, in accordance with mouse results and supporting our working hypothesis. In summary, our experiments prove that systemic decrease of PPARgamma activity prevents thymic senescence, albeit with metabolic drawbacks. However, thymic tissue-specific PPARgamma antagonism would likely solve the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ernszt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Banfai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kellermayer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Attila Pap
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Janet M Lord
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Krisztian Kvell
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.,Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), also known as autoimmune diabetes, is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β-cell loss and leads to hyperglycaemia. Although the age of symptomatic onset is usually during childhood or adolescence, symptoms can sometimes develop much later. Although the aetiology of T1DM is not completely understood, the pathogenesis of the disease is thought to involve T cell-mediated destruction of β-cells. Islet-targeting autoantibodies that target insulin, 65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma-associated protein 2 and zinc transporter 8 - all of which are proteins associated with secretory granules in β-cells - are biomarkers of T1DM-associated autoimmunity that are found months to years before symptom onset, and can be used to identify and study individuals who are at risk of developing T1DM. The type of autoantibody that appears first depends on the environmental trigger and on genetic factors. The pathogenesis of T1DM can be divided into three stages depending on the absence or presence of hyperglycaemia and hyperglycaemia-associated symptoms (such as polyuria and thirst). A cure is not available, and patients depend on lifelong insulin injections; novel approaches to insulin treatment, such as insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitoring and hybrid closed-loop systems, are in development. Although intensive glycaemic control has reduced the incidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications, the majority of patients with T1DM are still developing these complications. Major research efforts are needed to achieve early diagnosis, prevent β-cell loss and develop better treatment options to improve the quality of life and prognosis of those affected.
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Sun DP, Wang L, Ding CY, Liang JH, Zhu HY, Wu YJ, Fan L, Li JY, Xu W. Investigating Factors Associated with Thymic Regeneration after Chemotherapy in Patients with Lymphoma. Front Immunol 2016; 7:654. [PMID: 28082988 PMCID: PMC5186774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors involved in thymus regeneration after chemotherapy has not been sufficiently explored. This study was aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene (IL7R) encoding IL-7Rα associated with thymus renewal after chemotherapy in Chinese Han individuals with lymphoma. The dynamics of thymic activity in 134 adults with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and B cell lymphoma from baseline to 12 months post-chemotherapy were analyzed by assessing thymic structural changes using serial computed tomography scans and correlating these with measurements of thymic output by concurrent analysis of single-joint T-cell receptor excision circles (sjTREC) and CD31+ recent thymic emigrants (RTE) in peripheral blood. The association of clinical variables and IL7R polymorphisms with the occurrence of rebound thymic hyperplasia (TH) and the recovery of thymic output following chemotherapy were evaluated. Thymic regeneration was observed, with the evidence that TH occurred in 38/134 (28.4%) cases, and thymic output, assessed by CD31+ RTE numbers and sjTREC content, recovered to baseline levels within 1 year after the end of therapy. The frequencies of the T allele and TT + GT genotype of rs7718919 located in the promoter of IL7R were significantly higher in patients with TH compared with those without TH (P = 0.031 and 0.027, respectively). In contrast, no significant difference was found between two groups with respect to the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of rs6897932. By general linear models repeated-measure analysis, rs7718919 and rs6897932 were determined to exert no significant effects on the recovery of thymic output after therapy. Univariate analysis revealed host age under 30, the diagnosis of HL, baseline thymic index and CD31+ RTE counts, and rs7718919 genotype as potential predictors for TH after chemotherapy (P < 0.05); after multivariate adjustment, only host age was independently associated with the occurrence of TH (odds ratios = 4.710, 95% confidence intervals: 1.727–12.845, P = 0.002). These findings indicate that patient age is an independent predictor for thymic regrowth after chemotherapy, which should promote awareness among physicians to make a timely diagnosis of TH in young adults and help physicians to prioritize intervention strategies for thymus rejuvenation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao-Ping Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Hematology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Chong-Yang Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital , Nanjing , China
| | - Jin-Hua Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hua-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yu-Jie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Zhang Y, Guo M, Xin N, Shao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zheng S, Fu L, Wang Y, Zhou D, Chen H, Huang Y, Dong R, Xiao C, Liu Y, Geng D. Decreased microRNA miR-181c expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlates with elevated serum levels of IL-7 and IL-17 in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:413-21. [PMID: 25962782 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
miR-181c is a newly identified negative regulator of immune cell activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression and functional role of miR-181c in myasthenia gravis (MG). miR-181c showed significant downregulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MG patients compared with healthy controls, with lower expression in generalized patients than in ocular ones. MG patients also had increased serum IL-7 and IL-17 levels. Additionally, serum IL-7 level presents a positive correlation with the serum IL-17 level. miR-181c levels were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL-7 and IL-17 in either generalized patients or ocular patients. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-181c could directly bind to the 3'-UTR of interleukin-7. Forced expression of miR-181c led to decreased IL-7 and IL-17 release in cultured PBMCs, while depletion of miR-181c increased the secretion of these two proinflammatory cytokines. The results from our study suggested for the first time that miR-181c was able to negatively regulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-7 and IL-17 in MG patients, and it is a novel potential therapeutic target for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingfeng Guo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Xin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Shao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linlin Fu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Lab of Infection and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - YuZhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Lab of Infection and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiguo Dong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenghua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Strawa K, Markowska A, Miśkiewicz P, Kuś A, Ambroziak U, Szymański K, Zbiec R, Spólnicka M, Krajewski P, Bednarczuk T, Płoski R. Increased concentration of T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) in peripheral blood in Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81:769-74. [PMID: 24815998 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (TREC) are circular DNA molecules generated during T-cell maturation in the thymus. Recent studies suggested that a decreased TREC concentration in peripheral blood may be a general feature of autoimmunity. Our purpose was to assess the TREC concentration in Graves' disease (GD). METHODS TREC concentration was assessed by real time PCR in DNA samples isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes among younger (n = 94, age range 6-29 years) and older patients with GD (n = 93, age range 57-80 years) and age-matched controls (n = 206). RESULTS TREC concentration decreased with age in all subjects, but it was significantly higher in GD compared with controls (P = 9·4 × 10(-10) ). TREC concentration was higher (P = 0·0038) in hyperthyroid (n = 78) than euthyroid (n = 82) patients with GD, but in both groups, it remained increased relative to controls (P = 2·2 × 10(-11) and P = 4·4 ×10(-7) , respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with GD, particularly those with hyperthyroidism, have increased concentration of TREC which may suggest increased rather than decreased thymic activity. Thus, GD does not follow the paradigm suggested for other autoimmune disorders which links autoimmunity with thymic senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Strawa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Rezzani R, Nardo L, Favero G, Peroni M, Rodella LF. Thymus and aging: morphological, radiological, and functional overview. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:313-51. [PMID: 23877171 PMCID: PMC3889907 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process that induces many alterations in the cytoarchitecture of different organs and systems both in humans and animals. Moreover, it is associated with increased susceptibility to infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic processes. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ responsible for the production of immunocompetent T cells and, with aging, it atrophies and declines in functions. Universality of thymic involution in all species possessing thymus, including human, indicates it as a long-standing evolutionary event. Although it is accepted that many factors contribute to age-associated thymic involution, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the process. The exact time point of the initiation is not well defined. To address the issue, we report the exact age of thymus throughout the review so that readers can have a nicely pictured synoptic view of the process. Focusing our attention on the different stages of the development of the thymus gland (natal, postnatal, adult, and old), we describe chronologically the morphological changes of the gland. We report that the thymic morphology and cell types are evolutionarily preserved in several vertebrate species. This finding is important in understanding the similar problems caused by senescence and other diseases. Another point that we considered very important is to indicate the assessment of the thymus through radiological images to highlight its variability in shape, size, and anatomical conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy,
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Moleriu RD, Zaharie D, Moatar-Moleriu LC, Gruia AT, Mic AA, Mic FA. Insights into the mechanisms of thymus involution and regeneration by modeling the glucocorticoid-induced perturbation of thymocyte populations dynamics. J Theor Biol 2014; 348:80-99. [PMID: 24486233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
T-cells develop in the thymus and based on CD4 and CD8 expressions there are four main thymocyte populations in a normal mouse thymus. Currently, there are several mathematical models that describe the dynamics of thymocyte populations in a normal thymus, but only a few of them model the transient perturbation of their homeostasis. Our aim is to model the perturbation in the dynamics of each thymocyte population which is induced by the administration of a glucocorticoid, i.e. dexamethasone. The proposed approach relies on extending a four compartment thymus model based on differential equations by adding perturbation terms either globally (at the level of each equation) or locally (at the level of proliferation, death, and transfer rates). By fitting the perturbed model with experimental data on mice thymi collected before and after the administration of dexamethasone, it was possible to estimate the relevant parameters using a population-based stochastic search method. The fitted model is further used to conduct a quantitative analysis on the differentiated impact of dexamethasone on each T-cell population and on proliferation, death, and transfer processes. The obtained quantitative information on the perturbation could be used to explore and modify the flow of thymocytes between thymus compartments in order to elucidate the mechanisms of thymus involution and its subsequent regeneration. Since glucocorticoids are raised in many pathological situations, such a model could be useful in evaluating the impact of diseases on thymocyte dynamics in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Dumitru Moleriu
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Blvd., Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Zaharie
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Blvd., Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lavinia Cristina Moatar-Moleriu
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, West University of Timisoara, 4 Vasile Parvan Blvd., Timisoara, Romania; Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Teodora Gruia
- County Clinical Emergency Hospital Timisoara, Regional Centre for Immunology and Transplant, 10 Iosif Bulbuca Blvd. Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ani Aurora Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. Timisoara, Romania
| | - Felix Aurel Mic
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq. Timisoara, Romania.
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Prelog M, Schönlaub J, Würzner R, Koppelstaetter C, Almanzar G, Brunner A, Gasser M, Prommegger R, Häusler G, Kapelari K, Högler W. Lower CD28+ T cell proportions were associated with CMV-seropositivity in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMC Endocr Disord 2013; 13:34. [PMID: 24006909 PMCID: PMC3844619 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-13-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the naive T cell subpopulations have been demonstrated in patients with T cell mediated autoimmune disorders, reminiscent of immunological changes found in the elderly during immunosenescence, including the switch from CD45RA + to CD45RO + T cells and decreased thymic function with increased compensatory proliferative mechanisms, partly associated with latent Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The present study was aimed to investigate proportions of lymphocytes, their relation to CMV-seropositivity and the replicative history of CD45RA + expressing T cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT, n = 18) and healthy controls (HC, n = 70). METHODS Proportions of peripheral T cells were investigated by flow cytometry. The replicative history was assessed by T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) and relative telomere length (RTL). Expression of CD62L was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in thyroid sections. The role of CMV was assessed by serology, ELISPOT assay and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a significant increase of CD28-negative T cells, associated with CMV-seropositivity in HT patients. HT showed abundant CD45RO + T cells with peripheral loss of CD62L-expressing CD8 + CD45RA + T cells, the latter mainly depending on disease duration. CD62L was expressed in thyroid lymphocyte infiltrations. The diagnosis of HT and within the HT group CMV-seropositivity were the main determinants for the loss of CD28 expression. RTL was not different between HC and HT. HT showed significantly lower TRECs in CD4 + CD45RA + T cells compared to HC. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HT display a peripheral T cell phenotype reminiscent of findings in elderly persons or other autoimmune disorders. Whether these mechanisms are primary or secondary to the immunological alterations of autoimmune conditions should be investigated in longitudinal studies which may open research on new therapeutic regimes for treatment of HT and associated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jörn Schönlaub
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Fritz-Pregl-Str. 3, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, Müllerstr. 44, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Gasser
- Department of Surgery, University of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Prommegger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gabriele Häusler
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kapelari
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Högler
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Birmingham, Children’s Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Barbu-Tudoran L, Gavriliuc OI, Paunescu V, Mic FA. Accumulation of tissue macrophages and depletion of resident macrophages in the diabetic thymus in response to hyperglycemia-induced thymocyte apoptosis. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:114-22. [PMID: 23153674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the dynamics and morphology of thymus macrophages in response to thymus involution caused by hyperglycemia. Thymus is an organ affected early and dramatically after the onset of diabetes, losing most of the thymocyte populations but diabetes's impact on the components of the thymus stroma is largely unknown. METHODS Rats were injected with streptozotocin and thymus weight, body weight, and glycemia were measured at various time points. The dynamics and morphology of macrophages in the diabetic thymus were investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR, electron microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS In hyperglycemic animals the involuting thymus is gradually infiltrated by tissue macrophages (ED1-positive) and depleted of resident macrophages (ED2-positive). While ED1 positive macrophages are scattered in both cortex and medulla the ED2 positive ones are limited to the cortex and cortico-medullary junction. CD4+CD11b+macrophages also accumulate. The TUNEL reaction that detects the degradation of the DNA from apoptotic thymocytes in the macrophages is enhanced. The thymic macrophages enlarge and accumulate lipid vacuoles and apoptotic bodies. qPCR measurements of the expression of macrophage markers showed a persistent increase in the diabetic thymus after the injection of streptozotocin. CONCLUSIONS Thymus involutes rapidly and persistently after the onset of hyperglycemia because of the elevated apoptosis in the thymocytes. Tissue macrophages accumulate in the thymus and the resident macrophages decrease. This results in an overall increase in macrophage activity in the diabetic thymus in response to the elevated apoptosis of thymocytes produced by hyperglycemia.
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Schatorjé EJH, Gemen EFA, Driessen GJA, Leuvenink J, van Hout RWNM, de Vries E. Paediatric reference values for the peripheral T cell compartment. Scand J Immunol 2012; 75:436-44. [PMID: 22420532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2012.02671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunophenotyping of blood lymphocyte subpopulations is an important tool in the diagnosis of immunological and haematological diseases. Paediatric age-matched reference values have been determined for the major lymphocyte populations, but reliable reference values for the more recently described T lymphocyte subpopulations, like different types of memory T lymphocytes, recent thymic emigrants, regulatory T cells and CXCR5(+) helper T lymphocytes, are not sufficiently available yet. We determined reference values for the absolute and relative sizes of T lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy children using the lysed whole blood method, which is most often used in diagnostic procedures. When the absolute numbers of some or all T lymphocyte subpopulations fall outside these reference ranges, this may indicate disease. The reference values show the course of T lymphocyte development in healthy children. Absolute T lymphocyte numbers increase 1.4-fold during the first months of life, and after 9-15 months, they decrease threefold to adult values; this is mainly caused by the expansion of recent thymic emigrants and naive cells. Helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes show the same pattern. Regulatory T cells increase in the first 5 months of life and then gradually decrease to adult values, although the absolute numbers remain small. The relative number of CXCR5(+) cells within the CD4(+) CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes increases during the first 6 months of life and then remains more or less stable around 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J H Schatorjé
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Matteucci E, Ghimenti M, Di Beo S, Giampietro O. Altered proportions of naïve, central memory and terminally differentiated central memory subsets among CD4+ and CD8 + T cells expressing CD26 in patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Immunol 2011; 31:977-84. [PMID: 21887518 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-011-9573-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune process predominantly T-cell mediated. CD26 plays a role in T-cell costimulation, migration, memory development, thymic maturation and emigration patterns. In peripheral blood from 55 patients with type 1 diabetes and 20 healthy controls, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 were differentiated into naïve (N, CD45RA(+)CCR7(+)), central memory (CM, CD45RA(-)CCR7(+)), effector memory (EM, CD45RA(-)CCR7(-)), and terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA, CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)). In type 1 diabetes, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells expressing CD26 showed a distinctive differentiation profile: percentages and absolute numbers of CM and N cells were reduced, whereas those of TEMRA cells were markedly increased. The indices of intermediate- and long-term glycaemic control were associated negatively with the number of CM and N cells while positively with the number of TEMRA cells. The considerable accumulation of TEMRA T cells in our patients suggests life-long stimulation by protracted antigen exposure (viruses, other agents or residual self-antigens?) or a homeostatic defect in the regulation/contraction of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Matteucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
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