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Shahidi S, Ramezani-Aliakbari K, Komaki A, Salehi I, Hashemi S, Asl SS, Habibi P, Ramezani-Aliakbari F. Effect of vitamin D on cardiac hypertrophy in D-galactose-induced aging model through cardiac mitophagy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10147-10155. [PMID: 37921981 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac apoptosis plays a key role in increased morbidity associated with aging-induced-cardiac disorder. Mitochondria play an important role in cardiac apoptosis, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), as a main mediator of mitochondrial fission, can trigger the mitophagy process to sustain the mitochondrial quality. The present study was done to determine the effect of vitamin D (VitD) treatment on cardiac hypertrophy through mitophagy regulation in aged animals induced by D-galactose (D-GAL). METHODS AND RESULTS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, D-GAL (aging group), D-GAL co-injected with VitD (D-GAL ± VitD), and D-GAL plus ethanol (D-GAL ± Ethanol). Aging was induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of D-GAL at 150 mg/kg daily for eight weeks and also VitD (400 IU/kg) or ethanol was injected (i.p.) into aging rats. Then, the levels of cardiac mitophagy and cardiac apoptosis were determined by measuring the expression of tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), Drp1, Bcl2-Associated X (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) genes. Aging in rats was associated with a reduction in mitophagy and also an increase in apoptosis of the heart through down-regulation of Drp1, PINK1, and Bcl2 genes and also up-regulation of Bax. However, VitD improved cardiac hypertrophy through cardiac mitophagy in D-GAL-induced aging rats. CONCLUSION VitD can inhibit cardiac hypertrophy by an increase in mitophagy and a decrease in apoptosis in the aging heart. The illustration of the suggested mechanism underlying of Vitamin D in cardiac hypertrophy induced by aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Shahidi
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Sciences and Advanced Technology in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Anatomy Department, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Parisa Habibi
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ramezani-Aliakbari
- Department of Physiology, School of medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Liu Y, Ma W, Liu Q, Liu P, Qiao S, Xu L, Sun Y, Gai X, Zhang Z. Decreased thioredoxin reductase 3 expression promotes nickel-induced damage to cardiac tissue via activating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and inflammation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:436-450. [PMID: 36421005 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 3 (Txnrd3) plays a crucial role in antioxidant and anti-cancer activities, and sperm maturation. The damage of heavy metals, including Nickel (Ni), is the most prominent harm in social development, and hampering Txnrd3 might exacerbate Ni-induced cardiac damage. In this study, a total of 160 8-week-old C57BL/N male mice with 25-30 g weight of Txnrd3+/+ wild-type and Txnrd3-/- homozygote-type were randomly divided into eight groups. The mice in the control and Ni groups were gavaged with distilled water and a freshly prepared 10 mg/kg NiCl2 solution. Melatonin (Mel) groups were administered at a concentration of 2 mg/kg for 21 days at the mice's 0.1 ml/10 g body weight. Ni exposure up-regulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of mitochondrial apoptosis (caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c, p53, and BAX), autophagy (LC3, ATG 1, ATG 7, and Beclin-1), and inflammation (TNF-α, COX 2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-7)-related markers, but down-regulated the mRNA levels of BCL-2, p62 and mTOR (p < .05). Ni exposure decreased the expression of BCL-2 and p62 protein but increased the expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c, p53, BAX, ATG 7, Beclin-1, TNF-α, COX 2, IL-1β and IL-2 protein (p < .05). Ni increased the contents of glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of catalase (CAT) and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) (p < .05). Decreased Txnrd3 expression significantly exacerbated changes compared to the Ni exposure (p < .05). Mel significantly attenuated these changes, but the effect decreased when Txnrd3 was inhibited (p < .05). In conclusion, decreased Txnrd3 expression promoted Ni-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and inflammation via oxidative stress and aggravated heart damage in mice. Decreased Txnrd3 expression significantly reduced the protective effect of Mel to Ni exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenxue Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Pinnan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Senqiu Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Gai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Harbin, China
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Wei X, Wu YE, Wang W, Zhang S, Liu D, Liu H. Decreased dynamin-related protein 1-related mitophagy induces myocardial apoptosis in the aging heart. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:1354-1366. [PMID: 34532739 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in cardiomyocyte apoptosis is the main contributor to the observed high morbidity of cardiac disease during aging. Mitochondria play important roles in cardiac apoptosis, and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the critical factor that participates in mitochondrial fission and induces mitophagy to maintain mitochondria quality. However, whether Drp1 is involved in the increase of apoptosis in aging heart remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Drp1 participates in inducing the apoptosis through regulating mitophagy in aging myocardium. To explore the effect of mitophagy and apoptosis in aging heart, we detected the expression of COX IV and the co-localization of COX IV and LC3 II, which reflect mitophagy, and measured adenosine triphosphate and reactive oxygen species contents, which reflect mitochondrial injury. Cell apoptosis was detected by measuring the activity of caspase-3 and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and further confirmed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The results showed an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in mitophagy in aging cardiomyocytes, and apoptosis was ameliorated after the induction of mitophagy by carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (a mitophagy activator) in D-galactose (D-gal)-induced senescence H9c2 cells. To clarify the role of Drp1 in apoptosis, we knocked down Drp1 by transfecting si-Drp1, or overexpressed Drp1 in senescent cells, and then detected mitophagy, mitochondrial injury, and apoptosis. The data showed that downregulated Drp1 induces mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. In addition, to explore the regulatory relationship between Drp1 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, we detected the expressions of PINK1 and Parkin after the overexpression of Drp1 in the D-gal group cells and found that Drp1-mediated mitophagy inhibited the PINK1/Parkin pathway in senescent cells. Our results demonstrated that insufficient Drp1 induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting mitophagy, and Drp1 affects the PINK1/Parkin pathway of mitophagy in the aging heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Y E Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Suli Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Yan Jing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huirong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disturbance Related Cardiovascular Disease, Beijing 100069, China
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Altun S, Budak H. The protective effect of the cardiac thioredoxin system on the heart in the case of iron overload in mice. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126704. [PMID: 33370714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron, which is essential for many vital biological processes, causes significant clinical pathologies in the case of its deficiency or excess. Cardiovascular protective pathways are activated by iron therapy. However, determining the appropriate iron concentration is essential to protect heart tissue from iron-induced oxidative stress. The thioredoxin system is one of the antioxidant systems that protect cells against oxidative stress. Moreover, it allows the binding of many transcription factors for apoptosis, myocardial protection, the stimulation of cell proliferation, and angiogenesis processes, especially the regulation of the cardiovascular system. This study's goal was to understand how iron overload affects the gene and protein levels of the thioredoxin system in the mouse heart. METHODS BALB/c mice were randomly separated into two groups. The iron overload group was administered with intraperitoneal injections of an iron-dextran solution twice a week for three weeks. In parallel, the control group was intraperitoneally given Dextran 5 solution. The total iron content, the total GSH level, the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) activity were demonstrated spectroscopically. Changes in the iron metabolism marker genes and thioredoxin system genes were examined by qPCR. The quantitative protein expression of TXNRD1 and thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was examined by western blotting. RESULTS The iron content of the heart increased in the iron overload group. The expression of hepcidin (Hamp) and ferroportin (Fpn) increased with iron overload. However, decreased expression was observed for ferritin (Fth). No changes were revealed in the GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio. The gene expression of thioredoxin 1 (Txn1), Txnrd1, and Txnip did not change. TXNRD1 activity and protein expression increased significantly, while the protein expression of TXNIP decreased significantly. CONCLUSION In the case of iron overload, the cardiac thioredoxin system is affected by the protein level rather than the gene level. The amount and duration of iron overload used in this study may be considered as a starting point for further studies to determine appropriate conditions for the iron therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Altun
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Rafet Kayış Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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McCarty MF, Lerner A. Nutraceutical induction and mimicry of heme oxygenase activity as a strategy for controlling excitotoxicity in brain trauma and ischemic stroke: focus on oxidative stress. Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 21:157-168. [PMID: 33287596 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1861940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ischemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are leading causes of acute mortality, and in the longer run, major causes of significant mental and physical impairment. Most of the brain neuronal cell death in the minutes and hours following an ischemic stroke or brain trauma is mediated by the process of excitotoxicity, in which sustained elevations of extracellular glutamate, reflecting a failure of ATP-dependent mechanism which sequester glutamate in neurons and astrocytes, drive excessive activation of NMDA receptors. Areas covered: A literature search was undertaken to clarify the molecular mechanisms whereby excessive NMDA activation leads to excitotoxic neuronal death, and to determine what safe nutraceutical agents might have practical potential for rescuing at-risk neurons by intervening in these mechanisms. Expert opinion: Activation of both NADPH oxidase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the microenvironment of activated NMDA receptors drives production of superoxide and highly toxic peroxynitrite. This leads to excessive activation of PARP and p38 MAP kinase, mitochondrial dysfunction, and subsequent neuronal death. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction offers protection via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and promotion of cGMP generation. Phase 2-inductive nutraceuticals can induce HO-1, and other nutraceuticals can mimic the effects of its products biliverdin and carbon monoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron Lerner
- Technion Israel Institute of Technology Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine- Research, Haifa, Israel (Retired)
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6
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The interplay between oxidative stress and bioenergetic failure in neuropsychiatric illnesses: can we explain it and can we treat it? Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5587-5620. [PMID: 32564227 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-oxidative stress and lowered antioxidant defences play a key role in neuropsychiatric disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The first part of this paper details mitochondrial antioxidant mechanisms and their importance in reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, including details of NO networks, the roles of H2O2 and the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system, and the relationship between mitochondrial respiration and NADPH production. The second part highlights and identifies the causes of the multiple pathological sequelae arising from self-amplifying increases in mitochondrial ROS production and bioenergetic failure. Particular attention is paid to NAD+ depletion as a core cause of pathology; detrimental effects of raised ROS and reactive nitrogen species on ATP and NADPH generation; detrimental effects of oxidative and nitrosative stress on the glutathione and thioredoxin systems; and the NAD+-induced signalling cascade, including the roles of SIRT1, SIRT3, PGC-1α, the FOXO family of transcription factors, Nrf1 and Nrf2. The third part discusses proposed therapeutic interventions aimed at mitigating such pathology, including the use of the NAD+ precursors nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, both of which rapidly elevate levels of NAD+ in the brain and periphery following oral administration; coenzyme Q10 which, when given with the aim of improving mitochondrial function and reducing nitro-oxidative stress in the brain, may be administered via the use of mitoquinone, which is in essence ubiquinone with an attached triphenylphosphonium cation; and N-acetylcysteine, which is associated with improved mitochondrial function in the brain and produces significant decreases in oxidative and nitrosative stress in a dose-dependent manner.
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7
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Lapenna D, Ciofani G, Lelli Chiesa P, Porreca E. Evidence for oxidative and not reductive stress in the aged rabbit heart. Exp Gerontol 2020; 134:110871. [PMID: 32035990 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress, which is due to a paradoxical excess of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes associated with decreased oxidant levels, has emerged as a pathogenetic mechanism of myocardial damage in pathological conditions such as protein aggregation cardiomyopathy. Notably, in the aged heart a cardiomyopathy-like pathology occurs leading to myocardial dysfunction. Whether reductive stress, or instead its counterpart oxidative stress, is operative in the aged mammalian heart needs to be elucidated also for the different therapeutic implications of such redox stress conditions. In the present investigation, we assessed GSH and the specific enzymatic activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS), glutathione reductase (GSSG-Red) and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as endogenous antioxidants, together with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the glutathione redox ratio (GSH/GSSG), in the aerobically perfused hearts of aged rabbits (about 4.5 years old) and young adult control rabbits (3-4 months old). We also assessed in the aged and control hearts H2O2 and catalytically active low molecular weight iron (LMWI) as oxidant forces, as well as fluorescent damage products of lipid peroxidation (FDPL) and protein carbonyls (PC) as biomarkers of lipid and protein oxidation. Moreover, the effects of 4.5 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as reducing thiol antioxidant were studied on hemodynamic parameters and lipid peroxidation in the perfused hearts of the aged and control rabbits. The levels of GSH and of the GSH/GSSG ratio were lower, and those of GSSG higher, in the aged than in the control hearts. The aged hearts were also characterized by decreased activities of the antioxidant enzymes γ-GCS, GSSG-Red and GSH-Px, as well as by heightened levels of H2O2, LMWI, FDPL and PC, highlighting the occurrence of aging-dependent oxidative stress. Associated with such biochemical alterations, hemodynamic dysfunction occurred in the aged rabbit hearts, as evidenced by lowered developed pressure (DP) and enhanced end-diastolic pressure (EDP) with decreased coronary flow (CF). Remarkably, NAC administration significantly improved DP and EDP, and lowered lipid peroxidation, electively in the aged hearts. In conclusion, oxidative and not reductive stress is operative in the aged rabbit heart, whose hemodynamic dysfunction is improved by NAC together with reduction in myocardial lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Lapenna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-MeT, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Ciofani
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; Laboratorio di Fisiopatologia dello Stress Ossidativo, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST, former CeSI-MeT, Center of Excellence on Aging), Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Lelli Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Porreca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Kaplán P, Tatarková Z, Lichardusová L, Kmeťová Sivoňová M, Tomašcová A, Račay P, Lehotský J. Age-Associated Changes in Antioxidants and Redox Proteins of Rat Heart. Physiol Res 2019; 68:883-892. [PMID: 31647296 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and decline in cellular redox regulation have been hypothesized to play a key role in cardiovascular aging; however, data on antioxidant and redox regulating systems in the aging heart are controversial. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aging on critical antioxidant enzymes and two major redox-regulatory systems glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (Trx) system in hearts from adult (6-month-old), old (15-month-old), and senescent (26-month-old) rats. Aging was associated with a non-uniform array of changes, including decline in contents of reduced GSH and total mercaptans in the senescent heart. The activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) exhibited an age-related decline, whereas catalase was unchanged and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) displayed only slight decrease in old heart and was unchanged in the senescent heart. GR, Trx, and peroxiredoxin levels were significantly reduced in old and/or senescent hearts, indicating a diminished expression of these proteins. In contrast, SOD2 level was unchanged in the old heart and was slightly elevated in the senescent heart. Decline in GPx activity was accompanied by a loss of GPx level only in old rats, the level in senescent heart was unchanged. These results indicate age-related posttranslational protein modification of SOD2 and GPx. In summary, our data suggest that changes are more pronounced in senescent than in old rat hearts and support the view that aging is associated with disturbed redox balance that could alter cellular signaling and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaplán
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Hosseini L, Vafaee MS, Badalzadeh R. Melatonin and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Attenuate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of Mitochondrial Function and Hemodynamic Parameters in Aged Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:240-250. [PMID: 31645107 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419882002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart diseases are the major reasons for disability and mortality in elderly individuals. In this study, we tried to examine the combined effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) preconditioning and melatonin postconditioning on cardioprotection and mitochondrial function in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of aged male rats. Sixty aged Wistar rats were randomly allocated to 5 groups, including sham, control, NMN-receiving, melatonin-receiving, and combined therapy (NMN+melatonin). Isolated hearts were mounted on Langendorff apparatus and then underwent 30-minue ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery to induce regional ischemic insult, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (100 mg/kg/d intraperitoneally) was administered for every other day for 28 days before I/R. Melatonin added to perfusion solution, 5 minutes prior to the reperfusion up to 15 minutes early reperfusion. Myocardial hemodynamic and infarct size (IS) were measured, and the left ventricles samples were obtained to evaluate cardiac mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers. Melatonin postconditioning and NMN had significant cardioprotective effects in aged rats; they could improve hemodynamic parameters and reduce IS and lactate dehydrogenase release compared to those of control group. Moreover, pretreatment with NMN increased the cardioprotection by melatonin. All treatments reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and improved mitochondrial membrane potential and restored NAD+/NADH ratio. The effects of combined therapy on reduction of mitochondrial ROS and oxidative status and improvement of mitochondrial membrane potential were greater than those of alone treatments. Combination of melatonin and NMN can be a promising strategy to attenuate myocardial I/R damages in aged hearts. Restoration of mitochondrial function may substantially contribute to this cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Hosseini
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Manouchehr S Vafaee
- Department of Psychiatry, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, BRIDGE: Brain Research-Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, University of Southern Denmark, Odense-Denmark
| | - Reza Badalzadeh
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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10
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Bian M, Fan R, Zhao S, Liu W. Targeting the Thioredoxin System as a Strategy for Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7309-7321. [PMID: 30963763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) participates in the regulation of redox reactions in organisms. It works mainly via its substrate molecule, thioredoxin, to maintain the redox balance and regulate signal transduction, which controls cell proliferation, differentiation, death, and other important physiological processes. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that the overactivation of TrxR is related to the development of tumors. The exploration of TrxR-targeted antitumor drugs has attracted wide attention and is expected to provide new therapies for cancer treatment. In this perspective, we highlight the specific relationship between TrxR and apoptotic signaling pathways. The cytoplasm and mitochondria both contain TrxR, resulting in the activation of apoptosis. TrxR activity influences reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further regulates the inflammatory signaling pathway. In addition, we discuss representative TrxR inhibitors with anticancer activity and analyze the challenges in developing TrxR inhibitors as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianli Bian
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China
| | - Sai Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China.,Institute of New Medicine Research , Nanjing Hicin Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. , Nanjing 210046 , P. R. China
| | - Wukun Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009 , P. R. China
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11
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Benhar M. Roles of mammalian glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase enzymes in the cellular response to nitrosative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:160-164. [PMID: 29378334 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian cells employ elaborate antioxidant systems to effectively handle reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). At the heart of these systems operate two selenoprotein families consisting of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes. Although mostly studied in the context of oxidative stress, considerable evidence has amassed to indicate that these selenoenzymes also play important roles in nitrosative stress responses. GPx and TrxR, together with their redox partners, metabolize nitrosothiols and peroxynitrite, two major RNS. As such, these enzymes play active roles in the cellular defense against nitrosative stress. However, under certain conditions, these enzymes are inactivated by nitrosothiols or peroxynitrite, which may exacerbate oxidative and nitrosative stress in cells. The selenol groups in the active sites of GPx and TrxR enzymes are critically involved in these beneficial and detrimental processes. Further elucidation of the biochemical interactions between distinct RNS and GPx/TrxR will lead to a better understanding of the roles of these selenoenzymes in cellular homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Hong Y, Zhang B, Yu L, Duan SS. Cell membrane integrity and revascularization: The possible functional mechanism of ischemic preconditioning for skeletal muscle protection against ischemic-reperfusion injury. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:309-314. [PMID: 28291543 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this paper was to evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) could make protective effects against skeletal muscle injuries induced by ischemic-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Eighteen rats were randomly divided into three groups of 6 subjects each: control group, I/R group, and IPC group. Thigh root ischemia of rats in the I/R group was induced by 3h ischemia and 24h reperfusion. IPC was applied by 3 periods of 15min ischemia/15min reperfusion prior to ischemia. Morphological changes in skeletal muscle cells induced by I/R and IPC were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and electron microscopy. In addition, angiogenesis was evaluated by immunolabeling of CD31. RESULTS IPC could prevented morphological alternations induced by ischemia, including myofilament, cell membrane, cell matrix, nucleus, mitochondria, and sarcoplasmic reticulum damage in skeletal muscle cells. The CD31 immunolabeling showed that neovascularization was observed in the IPC group but not in the I/R group. IPC could protect skeletal muscle cells from necrosis, apoptosis, and morphological damages induced by I/R injury. CONCLUSION Revascularization may play a key role in the mechanism underlying the protective effects of IPC in vivo.
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Genc GE, Ozturk Z, Gumuslu S. Selenoproteins are involved in antioxidant defense systems in thalassemia. Metallomics 2017; 9:1241-1250. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia major (TM) is a hereditary blood disease that affects the production of hemoglobin, resulting in severe anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. E. Genc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Akdeniz University
- Antalya
- Turkey
| | - Z. Ozturk
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Akdeniz University
- Antalya
- Turkey
| | - S. Gumuslu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry
- Faculty of Medicine
- Akdeniz University
- Antalya
- Turkey
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Hepple RT. Impact of aging on mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:177-186. [PMID: 27033952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are subject to marked structural and functional impairment with aging and these changes contribute to the reduced capacity for exercise as we age. Since mitochondria are involved in multiple aspects of cellular homeostasis including energetics, reactive oxygen species signaling, and regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways, defects in this organelle are frequently implicated in the deterioration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with aging. On this basis, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence that aging causes dysfunction in mitochondria in striated muscle with a view towards drawing conclusions about the potential of these changes to contribute to the deterioration seen in striated muscle with aging. As will be shown, impairment in respiration and reactive oxygen species emission with aging are highly variable between studies and seem to be largely a consequence of physical inactivity. On the other hand, both skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria are more susceptible to permeability transition and this seems a likely cause of the increased recruitment of mitochondrial-mediated pathways of apoptosis seen in striated muscle. The review concludes by examining the role of degeneration of mitochondrial DNA versus impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in the accumulation of mitochondria that are sensitized to permeability transition, whereby the latter mechanism is favored as the most likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Center, Canada; Meakins Christie Laboratories, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
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Zhang L, Ning M, Xu Y, Wang C, Zhao G, Cao Q, Zhang J. Predicting the Cytotoxic Potency of Cigarette Smoke by Assessing the Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitory Capacity of Cigarette Smoke Extract. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13030348. [PMID: 27007390 PMCID: PMC4809011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the influence of the cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity. TrxR is a selenoenzyme with a selenocysteine (Sec) residue exposed on the enzyme’s surface. This unique Sec residue is particularly susceptible to modification by numerous types of electrophiles, leading to inactivation of TrxR and consequent cytotoxicity. Cigarette smoke contains various electrophiles, and the present study showed that CSE could inhibit intracellular TrxR through causing crosslinking and alkylation of TrxR1. TrxR inhibitory capacities of various CSEs were evaluated by using mouse-liver homogenate. Among the CSEs prepared from 18 commercial cigarette brands, TrxR inhibitory capacities of the maximum and the minimum had a 2.5-fold difference. Importantly, CSE’s inhibitory capacity greatly paralleled its cytotoxic potency in all cell lines used. Compared to cytotoxic assays, which have been widely used for evaluating cigarette toxicity but are not suitable for simultaneously examining a large number of cigarette samples, the present method was simple and rapid with a high-throughput feature and thus could be used as an auxiliary means to predict the cytotoxicity of a large number of cigarette samples, making it possible to extensively screen numerous agricultural and industrial measures that potentially affect cigarette safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Min Ning
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Yingbo Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Technology Center, China Tobacco Anhui Industrial CO., LTD., Hefei 230088, China.
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Qingqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Nitric oxide and the thioredoxin system: a complex interplay in redox regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2476-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang M, Shah AM. Age-associated pro-inflammatory remodeling and functional phenotype in the heart and large arteries. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 83:101-11. [PMID: 25665458 PMCID: PMC4459900 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aging population is increasing dramatically. Aging–associated stress simultaneously drives proinflammatory remodeling, involving angiotensin II and other factors, in both the heart and large arteries. The structural remodeling and functional changes that occur with aging include cardiac and vascular wall stiffening, systolic hypertension and suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, features that are often clinically silent and thus termed a silent syndrome. These age-related effects are the result of responses initiated by cardiovascular proinflammatory cells. Local proinflammatory signals are coupled between the heart and arteries due to common mechanical and humoral messengers within a closed circulating system. Thus, targeting proinflammatory signaling molecules would be a promising approach to improve age-associated suboptimal ventricular-arterial coupling, a major predisposing factor for the pathogenesis of clinical cardiovascular events such as heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK.
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