1
|
Ye YL, Kuai Z, Qian DD, He YT, Shen JP, Wu KF, Ren WY, Hu Y. GLP-2 ameliorates D-galactose induced muscle aging by IGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway in C2C12 cells and mice. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 124:105462. [PMID: 38692155 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to investigate the effect of Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on muscle aging in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were administered with D-galactose (200 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 8weeks, followed by daily subcutaneous injections of GLP-2 (300 or 600 μg/kg/day) for 4weeks. Skeletal muscle function and mass were evaluated using relative grip strength and muscle weight. The sizes and types of muscle fibers and apoptosis were assessed through histological analysis, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL staining, respectively. C2C12 myotubes were treated with D-galactose (40 mg/mL) and GLP-2. Protein expression of differentiation-related myogenic differentiation factor D (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), and myosin heavy chain (Myhc), degradation-related Muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF-1), and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx)/Atrogin-1, and apoptosis-related B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bax, were assessed using western blots. The Pi3k inhibitor LY294002 was applied to investigate whether GLP-2 regulated myogenesis and myotube aging via IGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway. RESULTS The results demonstrated that GLP-2 significantly reversed the decline in muscles weight, relative grip strength, diameter, and cross-sectional area of muscle fibers induced by D-galactose in mice. Apart from suppressing the expressions of MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 in the muscles and C2C12 myotubes, GLP-2 significantly increased the expressions of MyoD, MyoG, and Myhc compared to the D-galactose. GLP-2 significantly suppressed cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis indicated that the regulation of GLP-2 may be attributed to the activation of theIGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a phosphorylation pathway. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that GLP-2 ameliorated D-galactose induced muscle aging by IGF-1/Pi3k/Akt/FoxO3a pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Li Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zheng Kuai
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Dian-Dian Qian
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting He
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ji-Ping Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Fen Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei-Ying Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Center for Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Homolak J, Varvaras K, Sciacca V, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. Insights into Gastrointestinal Redox Dysregulation in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease and the Assessment of the Protective Potential of D-Galactose. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11288-11304. [PMID: 38496956 PMCID: PMC10938400 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the gut plays a vital role in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by triggering systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. The well-established rat model of AD, induced by intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ-icv), provides valuable insights into the GI implications of neurodegeneration. Notably, this model leads to pathophysiological changes in the gut, including redox dyshomeostasis, resulting from central neuropathology. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying gut redox dyshomeostasis and assess the effects of D-galactose, which is known to benefit gut redox homeostasis and alleviate cognitive deficits in this model. Duodenal rings isolated from STZ-icv animals and control groups were subjected to a prooxidative environment using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) or H2O2 with or without D-galactose in oxygenated Krebs buffer ex vivo. Redox homeostasis was analyzed through protein microarrays and functional biochemical assays alongside cell survival assessment. Structural equation modeling and univariate and multivariate models were employed to evaluate the differential response of STZ-icv and control samples to the controlled prooxidative challenge. STZ-icv samples showed suppressed expression of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and increased baseline activity of enzymes involved in H2O2 and superoxide homeostasis. The altered redox homeostasis status was associated with an inability to respond to oxidative challenges and D-galactose. Conversely, the presence of D-galactose increased the antioxidant capacity, enhanced catalase and peroxidase activity, and upregulated superoxide dismutases in the control samples. STZ-icv-induced gut dysfunction is characterized by a diminished ability of the redox regulatory system to maintain long-term protection through the transcription of antioxidant response genes as well as compromised activation of enzymes responsible for immediate antioxidant defense. D-galactose can exert beneficial effects on gut redox homeostasis under physiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty
Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine Tübingen, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Varvaras
- Department
of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vittorio Sciacca
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department
of Pharmacology & Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Homolak J, Babic Perhoc A, Virag D, Knezovic A, Osmanovic Barilar J, Salkovic-Petrisic M. D-galactose might mediate some of the skeletal muscle hypertrophy-promoting effects of milk-A nutrient to consider for sarcopenia? Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300061. [PMID: 38058119 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a process of progressive aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) recognized as a serious global health issue contributing to frailty and increased all-cause mortality. Exercise and nutritional interventions (particularly intake of dairy products and milk) demonstrate good efficacy, safety, and broad applicability. Here, we propose that at least some of the well-documented favorable effects of milk and milk-derived protein supplements on SMM might be mediated by D-galactose, a monosaccharide present in large quantities in milk in the form of disaccharide lactose (milk sugar). We suggest that ingestion of dairy products results in exposure to D-galactose in concentrations metabolized primarily via the Leloir pathway with the potential to (i) promote anabolic signaling via maintenance of growth factor (e.g., insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) receptor mature glycosylation patterns; and (ii) provide extracellular (liver glycogen) and intracellular substrates for short (muscle glycolysis) and long-term (muscle glycogen, intramyocellular lipids) energy availability. Additionally, D-galactose might optimize the metabolic function of skeletal muscles by increasing mitochondrial content and stimulating glucose and fatty acid utilization. The proposed potential of D-galactose to promote the accretion of SMM is discussed in the context of its therapeutic potential in sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Homolak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ana Babic Perhoc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Virag
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Knezovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Osmanovic Barilar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma A, Singh AK. Molecular mechanism of caloric restriction mimetics-mediated neuroprotection of age-related neurodegenerative diseases: an emerging therapeutic approach. Biogerontology 2023; 24:679-708. [PMID: 37428308 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Aging-induced neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are significantly increasing health problem worldwide. It has been well documented that oxidative stress is one of the potential causes of aging and age-related NDs. There are no drugs for the treatment of NDs, therefore there is an immediate necessity for the development of strategies/treatments either to prevent or cure age-related NDs. Caloric restriction (CR) and intermittent fasting have been considered as effective strategies in increasing the healthspan and lifespan, but it is difficult to adhere to these routines strictly, which has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics (CRMs). CRMs are natural compounds that provide similar molecular and biochemical effects of CR, and activate autophagy process. CRMs have been reported to regulate redox signaling by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems through activation of the Nrf2 pathway, and inhibiting ROS generation through attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, CRMs also regulate redox-sensitive signaling pathways such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways to promote neuronal cell survival. Here, we discuss the neuroprotective effects of various CRMs at molecular and cellular levels during aging of the brain. The CRMs are envisaged to become a cornerstone of the pharmaceutical arsenal against aging and age-related pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Apoorv Sharma
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fang W, Chen S, Jin X, Liu S, Cao X, Liu B. Metabolomics in aging research: aging markers from organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1198794. [PMID: 37397261 PMCID: PMC10313136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1198794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays an important role in regulating aging at several levels, and metabolic reprogramming is the main driving force of aging. Due to the different metabolic needs of different tissues, the change trend of metabolites during aging in different organs and the influence of different levels of metabolites on organ function are also different, which makes the relationship between the change of metabolite level and aging more complex. However, not all of these changes lead to aging. The development of metabonomics research has opened a door for people to understand the overall changes in the metabolic level in the aging process of organisms. The omics-based "aging clock" of organisms has been established at the level of gene, protein and epigenetic modifications, but there is still no systematic summary at the level of metabolism. Here, we reviewed the relevant research published in the last decade on aging and organ metabolomic changes, discussed several metabolites with high repetition rate, and explained their role in vivo, hoping to find a group of metabolites that can be used as metabolic markers of aging. This information should provide valuable information for future diagnosis or clinical intervention of aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weicheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pedraza-Vázquez G, Mena-Montes B, Hernández-Álvarez D, Gómez-Verjan JC, Toledo-Pérez R, López-Teros MT, Königsberg M, Gómez-Quiroz LE, Luna-López A. A low-intensity lifelong exercise routine changes miRNA expression in aging and prevents osteosarcopenic obesity by modulating inflammation. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 105:104856. [PMID: 36399890 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) has been associated with increase immobility, falls, fractures, and other dysfunctions, which could increase mortality risk during aging. However, its etiology remains unknown. Recent studies revealed that sedentarism, fat gain, and epigenetic regulators are critical in its development. One effective intervention to prevent and treat OSO is exercise. Therefore, in the present study, by keeping rats in conditions of sedentarism and others under a low-intensity exercise routine, we established an experimental model of OSO. We determined the degree of sarcopenia, obesity, and osteopenia at different ages and analyzed the miRNA expression during the lifespan using miRNA microarrays from gastrocnemius muscle. Interestingly microarrays results showed that there is a set of miRNAs that changed their expression with exercise. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that these miRNAs are strongly associated with immune regulation. Further inflammatory profiles with IL-6/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios showed that exercised rats presented a lower pro-inflammatory profile than sedentary rats. Also, the body fat gain in the sedentary group increased the inflammatory profile, ultimately leading to muscle dysfunction. Exercise prevented strength loss over time and maintained skeletal muscle functionality over time. Differential expression of miRNAs suggests that they might participate in this process by regulating the inflammatory response associated with aging, thus preventing the development of OSO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gibrán Pedraza-Vázquez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Mena-Montes
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Rafael Toledo-Pérez
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis E Gómez-Quiroz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Luna-López
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Mexico City 10200, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wu X, Yu X, Zhu N, Xu M, Li Y. Beneficial effects of whey protein peptides on muscle loss in aging mice models. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897821. [PMID: 36159451 PMCID: PMC9500585 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-related muscle loss is a hallmark of aging and is the cause of some negative outcomes. An optimized diet and supplements have a positive effect in slowing down the process of muscle loss. D-galactose(d-gal) has been used widely to develop aging model. This study explored the beneficial effects of whey protein peptides (WPPs) on sarcopenia in d-gal-induced aging mice. A total of 72 SPF male C57BL/6N mice were used in this study. Sixty mice were modeled by injected intraperitoneally with d-gal (100 mg/kg body weight for 6 weeks), and the other 12 mice were used as control, and injected with the same amount of normal saline. After 6 weeks, the modeled mice were randomly divided into the model control group, whey protein group (1.5 g/kg*bw), and three WPPs intervention groups (0.3 g/kg*bw, 1.5 g/kg*bw, 3.0 g/kg*bw), according to serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level. The test samples were orally given to mice by daily garaged. During the 30 days intervention period, the model control group, whey protein group, and WPPs group continued receiving intraperitoneal injections of d-gal, whereas the control group continued receiving intraperitoneal injections of normal saline. The results showed that WPPs could significantly improve the grip strength of aged mice. WPPs could significantly increase lean mass of aged mice and increase muscle weight of gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus. WPPs could significantly increase the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and reduce level of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum. WPPs could affect the muscle fiber size in d-gal-induced aging mice. Its specific mechanism may be related to the activation of IGF-1/Akt/mTOR protein synthesis signaling pathway and reduction of the level of inflammation. These results indicate that WPPs can improve aging-related sarcopenia. Compared with whey protein, WPPs supplement seems a better form for sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Research Center on Aging, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochen Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Meihong Xu
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Yong Li
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tung TH, Chen YC, Lin YT, Huang SY. N-3 PUFA Ameliorates the Gut Microbiota, Bile Acid Profiles, and Neuropsychiatric Behaviours in a Rat Model of Geriatric Depression. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071594. [PMID: 35884899 PMCID: PMC9313093 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain−gut−microbiome (BGM) axis affects host bioinformation. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) alleviate cognitive impairment and depression in older adults. This study investigated altered microbiota−bile acid signalling as a potential mechanism linking fish oil-induced gut changes in microbiota to alleviate psychological symptoms. Sprague Dawley rats were fed a fish oil diet and administered D-galactose combined with chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to simulate geriatric depression. The cognitive function, psychological symptoms, microbiota compositions, and faecal bile acid profiles of the rats were assessed thereafter. A correlation analysis was conducted to determine whether the fish oil-induced alteration of the rats’ microbiota and bile acid profiles affected the rats’ behaviour. D-galactose and CUMS resulted in lower concentrations of Firmicutes, significantly altered bile acid profiles, and abnormal neurobehaviours. Fish oil intake alleviated the rats’ emotional symptoms and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceae, Marinifilaceae, and Bacteroidesuniformis. It also elevated the concentrations of primary bile acids and taurine-conjugated bile acids in the rats’ faeces. The rats’ taurine-conjugated bile acid levels were significantly correlated with their behavioural outcomes. In short, fish oil intake may alleviate psychological symptoms by altering the microbial metabolites involved in the BGM axis, especially in the conjugation of bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Tin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan; (T.-H.T.); (Y.-C.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-27361661 (ext. 6543); Fax: +886-2-27361661
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ağaşcıoğlu E, Çolak R, Çakatay U. Redox status biomarkers in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus resulting from the hypoxic exercise. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022; 84:433-447. [PMID: 35967949 PMCID: PMC9350571 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.84.2.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fast-twitch muscle may be affected from over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) during hypoxia/hypoxic exercise. The study aims to investigate redox status biomarkers in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle after hypoxic exercise. Male Sprague Dawley rats (eight-week-old) were randomly divided into six groups of the experimental "live high train high (LHTH), live high train low (LHTL) and live low train low (LLTL)" and their respective controls. Before the EDLs' extraction, the animals exercised for a 4-week familiarization period, then they exercised for four-weeks at different altitudes. The LHTH group had higher ratios of lipid hydroperoxides (LHPs) than the experimental groups of LHTL (p=0.004) and LLTL (p=0.002), while having no difference than its control 'LH'. Similarly, a higher percentage of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) was determined in the LHTH than the LHTL (p=0.041) and LLTL (p=0.048). Furthermore, oxidation of thiol fractions was the lowest in the LHTH and LH. However, redox biomarkers and thiol fractions illustrated no significant change in the LHTL and LLTL that might ensure redox homeostasis due to higher oxygen consumption. The study shows that not hypoxic exercise/exercise, but hypoxia might itself lead to a redox imbalance in the fast-twitch EDL muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eda Ağaşcıoğlu
- Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Çolak
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sodium arsenite accelerates D-galactose-induced aging in the testis of the rat: Evidence for mitochondrial oxidative damage, NF-kB, JNK, and apoptosis pathways. Toxicology 2022; 470:153148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
11
|
D-galactose-induced aging in rats – The effect of metformin on bioenergetics of brain, skeletal muscle and liver. Exp Gerontol 2022; 163:111770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
12
|
Gao Y, Xu Y, Yin J. Selenomethionine Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment, Decreases Hippocampal Oxidative Stress and Attenuates Dysbiosis in D-Galactose-Treated Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010111. [PMID: 35052615 PMCID: PMC8772940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of age-related cognitive impairment is increasing as the proportion of older individuals in the population grows. It is therefore necessary and urgent to find agents to prevent or ameliorate age-related cognitive impairment. Selenomethionine (SeMet) is a natural amino acid occurring in yeast and Brazil nuts. It mitigates cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, however, whether it works on age-related cognitive impairment remains unknown. In this study, SeMet significantly improved the performance of D-galactose-treated mice in the novel object recognition test, passive avoidance task and Morris water maze test. SeMet reversed D-galactose-induced reduction of hippocampal acetylcholine levels, suppression of choline acetyltransferase activity and activation of acetyl cholinesterase. It decreased D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and increased the selenoprotein P levels in the hippocampus. Besides, it attenuated D-galactose-induced dysbiosis by increasing the α-diversity and modulating the taxonomic structure. Correlations between certain taxa and physiological parameters were observed. Our results provide evidence of the effectiveness of SeMet on ameliorating D-galactose-induced cognitive impairment and suggest SeMet has potential to be used in the prevention or adjuvant treatment of age-related cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yongquan Xu
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-8665-0594 (Y.X.); +86-571-8665-0031 (J.Y.)
| | - Junfeng Yin
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-571-8665-0594 (Y.X.); +86-571-8665-0031 (J.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barroga E, Matanguihan GJ. Creating Logical Flow When Writing Scientific Articles. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e275. [PMID: 34664802 PMCID: PMC8524230 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous guidelines on how to write a scientific article have been published. Many books and articles giving detailed instructions on how to develop a research question, perform a literature search, or design a study protocol are widely available. However, there are few guidelines on how to create logical flow when writing a scientific article. Logical flow is the key to achieving a smooth and orderly progression of ideas, sentences, paragraphs, and content towards a convincing conclusion. This article provides guidelines for creating logical flow when writing the text and main sections of a scientific article. The first step is creating a draft outline of the whole article. Once completed, the draft outline is developed into a single, coherent article that logically explains the study. Logical flow in the text is created by using precise and concise words, composing clear sentences, and connecting well-structured paragraphs. The use of transitions connects sentences and paragraphs, ensuring clarity and coherence when presenting academic arguments and conclusions. Logical flow in the main sections of a scientific article is achieved by presenting the whole story of the article sequentially in the introduction, methods, results, and discussion, focusing attention on the most important points in each section, and connecting all of these to the main purpose of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Barroga
- Department of General Education, Graduate School of Nursing Science, St. Luke's International University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Spermidine, a caloric restriction mimetic, provides neuroprotection against normal and D-galactose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis through activation of autophagy in male rats during aging. Biogerontology 2020; 22:35-47. [PMID: 32979155 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spermidine (SPD) is a natural polyamine present in all living organisms and is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by inducing autophagy in different model organisms. Its role as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM) is still being investigated. We have undertaken this study to investigate whether SPD, acting as a CRM, can confer neuroprotection in D-galactose induced accelerated senescence model rat and naturally aged rats through modulation of autophagy and inflammation. Young male rats (4 months), D-gal induced (500 mg/kg b.w., subcutaneously) aging and naturally aged (22 months) male rats were supplemented with SPD (10 mg/kg b.w., orally) for 6 weeks. Standard protocols were employed to measure prooxidants, antioxidants, apoptotic cell death and electron transport chain complexes in brain tissues. Gene expression analysis with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to assess the expression of autophagy and inflammatory marker genes. Our data demonstrate that SPD significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased the level of pro-oxidants and increased the level of antioxidants. SPD supplementation also augmented the activities of electron transport chain complexes in aged brain mitochondria thus proving its antioxidant potential at the level of mitochondria. RT-PCR data revealed that SPD up-regulated the expression of autophagy genes (ATG-3, Beclin-1, ULK-1 and LC3B) and down-regulated the expression of the inflammatory gene (IL-6) in aging brain. Our results provide first line of evidence that SPD provides neuroprotection against aging-induced oxidative stress by regulating autophagy, antioxidants level and also reduces neuroinflammation. These results suggest that SPD may be beneficial for neuroprotection during aging and age-related disorders.
Collapse
|
15
|
Çolak R, Ağaşcıoğlu E, Çakatay U. "Live High Train Low" Hypoxic Training Enhances Exercise Performance with Efficient Redox Homeostasis in Rats' Soleus Muscle. High Alt Med Biol 2020; 22:77-86. [PMID: 32960081 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2020.0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Çolak, Rıdvan, Eda Ağaşcıoğlu, and Ufuk Çakatay. "Live high train low" hypoxic training enhances exercise performance with efficient redox homeostasis in rats' soleus muscle. High Alt Med Biol. 22:77-86, 2021. Background: Different types of hypoxic training have been performed to improve exercise performance. Although both "live high train high" and "live high train low" techniques are commonly performed, it is still obscure as to which one is more beneficial. Materials and Methods: Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into aforementioned experimental groups. After a familiarization exercise (4-week, ∼15-30 minutes/day) at normoxia, all rats exercised (4-week, ∼35 minutes/day) at hypoxia with their pre-evaluated maximal aerobic velocity test. The soleus was extracted after the test following 2 days of resting. Results: The live high trained low group displayed better performance than the live high trained high (p = 0.031) and the live low trained low (p = 0.017) groups. Redox status biomarkers were higher in the live high trained high group except for thiols, which were illustrated with no difference among the groups. Further, contrary to total and protein thiols (r = 0.57, p = 0.037; r = 0.55, p = 0.042 respectively), other redox status biomarkers were observed to be negatively correlated to exercise performance. Conclusions: The live high trained low group could consume more oxygen during exercise, which might lead to having a better chance to ensure cellular redox homeostasis. Therefore, this group could ensure an optimum exercise performance and anabolic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rıdvan Çolak
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Eda Ağaşcıoğlu
- Department of Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Çakatay
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dağ AD, Yanar K, Atayik MC, Simsek B, Belce A, Çakatay U. Early-adulthood caloric restriction is beneficial to improve renal redox status as future anti-aging strategy in rats. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
17
|
Hernández-Arciga U, Hernández-Álvarez D, López-Cervantes SP, López-Díazguerrero NE, Alarcón-Aguilar A, Luna-López A, Königsberg M. Effect of long-term moderate-exercise combined with metformin-treatment on antioxidant enzymes activity and expression in the gastrocnemius of old female Wistar rats. Biogerontology 2020; 21:787-805. [PMID: 32749628 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the etiology of sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass and force related to elderly incapacity. A successful intervention to prevent this condition has been exercise-based therapy. Metformin (MTF), an anti-diabetic drug with pleiotropic effects, is known to retain redox homeostasis. However, the combined use of MTF with exercise has shown controversial experimental results. Our research group has shown that MTF-treatment does not limit the benefits provided by exercise, probably by inducing a hormetic response. Hence, our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise in combination with MTF-treatment on the redox state of old female Wistar rats. Animals were divided into six groups; three groups preformed exercise on a treadmill for 5 days/week for 20 months and the other three were sedentary. Also, two groups of each, exercised and sedentary animals were treated with MTF for 6 or 12 months correspondingly, beside the untreated groups. Rats were euthanized at 24 months. Muscular functionality was analyzed as the relation between the lean mass free of bone with respect to the grip strength. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase content, enzymatic activity and redox state were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle. Our results showed that the exercised group treated with MTF for 12 months presented higher GSH/GSSG rate and high antioxidant scavenging power in contrast to the MTF-treatment for 6 months, where the beneficial effect was less noticeable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Stefanie Paola López-Cervantes
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Norma Edith López-Díazguerrero
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Adriana Alarcón-Aguilar
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mina Königsberg
- Lab. Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Depto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, A.P. 55-535, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar R, Saraswat K, Rizvi SI. 2 -Deoxy - d-glucose at chronic low dose acts as a caloric restriction mimetic through a mitohormetic induction of ROS in the brain of accelerated senescence model of rat. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104133. [PMID: 32559563 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging induces significant molecular alteration in brain morphology. Glycolytic inhibitor 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) is considered to act as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM) but it is correlated with elevated mortality risk in rats at persistent high dosage. MATERIALS AND METHODS In young and d-galactose induced accelerated senescent rat aging models, we tested a persistent low-dose dietary 2-DG administration and evaluated various aging biomarkers in brain tissue. RESULTS A significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in 2-DG treated (both young and accelerated senescent rat model). Increased Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and activity of mitochondrial complexes I and IV was observed. There was also significant improvements in the autophagy expression of genes (Beclin-1 and Atg-3) after 2- DG treatment. CONCLUSION We propose that 2-DG induces a mitohormetic effect through elevation of ROS which reinforces defensive mechanism(s) through increased FRAP, SOD, CAT and autophagy gene expression. Our observations indicate that a consistently low dose 2-DG could be a valuable CRM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Komal Saraswat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India
| | - Syed Ibrahim Rizvi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Corbianco S, Dini M, Bongioanni P, Carboncini MC, Cavallini G. Exercise training in ad libitum and food-restricted old rats: effects on metabolic and physiological parameters. Biogerontology 2019; 21:69-82. [PMID: 31641969 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09844-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organs, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as cancer and inflammatory, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Dietary restriction is the most effective experimental intervention known to consistently slow the aging process and with positive effects on health span in different organisms, from invertebrates to mammals. Age is also associated with progressive decline in physical activity levels in a wide range of animal species: therefore, regular physical exercise could represent a safe intervention to antagonize aging. In this research we explore the effects of exercise training initiated in late middle aged rats fed with different lifelong dietary regimens: one group was fed ad libitum and the second group was subjected to every-other-day fasting. These two groups might represent examples of "normal" aging and "successful" aging. The study shows the effects of exercise and food restriction and their interaction on plasma levels of total antioxidant capacity, lactate, amino acids, and on products of protein oxidation in soleus and tibialis anterior muscles. In addition, we evaluated body composition measurement by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by grasping test. Results show that late-onset exercise training has the potential to improve some metabolic and physiological parameters in rats with the same "chronological age" but different "biological age", without negative effects, and highlight the relevance of a personalised and selected exercise protocol, since the responsiveness to exercise may depend on the individual's "biological age".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corbianco
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Dini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Human Movement and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Severe Acquired Brain Injuries Dpt Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Carboncini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Severe Acquired Brain Injuries Dpt Section, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Cavallini
- Interdepartmental Research Centre on Biology and Pathology of Aging, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|