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Abe T, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y. Advancements in medical research using fetal sheep: Implications for human health and treatment methods. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13945. [PMID: 38651196 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sheep are typically considered as industrial animals that provide wool and meals. However, they play a significant role in medical research in addition to their conventional use. Notably, sheep fetuses are resistant to surgical invasions and can endure numerous manipulations, such as needle puncture and cell transplantation, and surgical operations requiring exposure beyond the uterus. Based on these distinguishing characteristics, we established a chimeric sheep model capable of producing human/monkey pluripotent cell-derived blood cells via the fetal liver. Furthermore, sheep have become crucial as human fetal models, acting as platforms for developing and improving techniques for intrauterine surgery to address congenital disorders and clarifying the complex pharmacokinetic interactions between mothers and their fetuses. This study emphasizes the significant contributions of fetal sheep to advancing human disease understanding and treatment strategies, highlighting their unique characteristics that are not present in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Open Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
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Gordeeva OF, Nikonova TM. Development of Experimental Tumors Formed by Mouse and Human Embryonic Stem and Teratocarcinoma Cells after Subcutaneous and Intraperitoneal Transplantations into Immunodeficient and Immunocompetent Mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1901-14. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells represent an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the risk of teratoma formation after transplantation restricts their clinical application. Therefore, to adequately evaluate the potential risk of tumorigenicity after cell transplantation into human tissues, effective animal transplantation assays need to be developed. We performed a multiparameter (cell number, transplantation site, cell type, host) comparative analysis of the efficiency of tumor development after transplantation of mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells and their malignant counterparts, teratocarcinoma (EC) cells, into animal recipients and revealed several key correlations. We found that the efficiency of tumor growth was higher after intra-peritoneal than after subcutaneous transplantations of all cell lines studied. The minimal cell numbers sufficient for tumor growth in immunodeficient nude mice were 100-fold lower for intraperitoneal than for subcutaneous transplantations of mouse and human ES cells (103 vs. 105 and 104 vs. 106, respectively). Moreover, mouse ES and EC cells formed tumors in immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice more effectively than human ES and EC cells. After intraperitoneal transplantation of 103, 104, and 105 mouse ES cells, teratomas developed in 83%, 100%, and 100% of nude mice, whereas after human ES cell transplantation, teratomas developed in 0%, 17%, and 60%, respectively. In addition, malignant mouse and human EC cells initiated tumor growth after intraperitoneal transplantation significantly faster and more effectively than ES cells. Mouse and human ES cells formed different types of teratomas containing derivatives of three germ layers but different numbers of undifferentiated cells. ES cell-like sublines with differentiation potential similar to the parental cell line were recloned only from mouse, but not from human, ES cell teratomas. These findings provide new information about the possibility and efficiency of tumor growth after transplantation of pluripotent stem cells. This information allows one to predict and possibly prevent the possible risks of tumorigenicity that could arise from stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. F. Gordeeva
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - T. M. Nikonova
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Abe T, Masuda S, Ban H, Hayashi S, Ueda Y, Inoue M, Hasegawa M, Nagao Y, Hanazono Y. Ex vivo expansion of human HSCs with Sendai virus vector expressing HoxB4 assessed by sheep in utero transplantation. Exp Hematol 2010; 39:47-54. [PMID: 20875838 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2010.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The homeobox B4 (HoxB4) gene promotes expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, frequent development of leukemia in large animals due to retrovirally transduced HoxB4 gene has been reported. To prevent tumorigenesis, we developed a nonintegrating and nonreplicating Sendai virus vector that did not contain the phosphoprotein gene (SeV/ΔP), which enabled clearance of the vector and transgene shortly after transduction. We tested the SeV/ΔP vector expressing the HoxB4 gene (SeV/ΔP/HoxB4) for the ex vivo expansion of human cord blood CD34(+) cells (HSCs) using a sheep in utero transplantation assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human HSCs were ex vivo-expanded by transduction with SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector and transplanted into the abdominal cavity of fetal sheep. The engraftment of human HSCs in the lambs was quantitatively evaluated by hematopoietic colony-forming unit assays. RESULTS After transplantation, the HoxB4-transduced HSCs contributed to longer-period (up to 20 months) repopulation in sheep, and human hematopoietic progenitors were detected more frequently in the bone marrow of the HoxB4 group as compared with the control untreated group (p < 0.05). The expansion of human HSCs with the SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector was comparable with previously reported retroviral vectors expressing HoxB4. The SeV/ΔP/HoxB4 vector and the transgene were cleared from the recipient sheep and leukemia was not detected at 20 months post-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The SeV/ΔP vector would be suitable for transient expression of HoxB4 in human CD34(+) cells. In addition, the SeV/ΔP vector is free of concern about transgene-related and insertional leukemogenesis and should be safer than retroviral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Division of Biological Production Science, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagao Y, Abe T, Hasegawa H, Tanaka Y, Sasaki K, Kitano Y, Hayashi S, Hanazono Y. Improved efficacy and safety of in utero cell transplantation in sheep using an ultrasound-guided method. CLONING AND STEM CELLS 2009; 11:281-5. [PMID: 19522675 DOI: 10.1089/clo.2008.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the suitability of two methods for the transplantation of cells into ovine fetuses. The first method was an ultrasound-guided cell injection via the uterine wall. The second involved hysterotomic cell injection with an incision in the uterine wall exposing the amnion. Monkey embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived hematopoietic cells were used as donor cells. After transplantation, the abortion rate associated with the hysterotomic injection method was significantly higher than that of the ultrasound-guided injection method (8/13 versus 4/24; P < 0.01). The fetuses were delivered to examine the engraftment of transplanted monkey hematopoietic cells. Monkey cells were detected in one of the five animals (20%) in the hysterotomic injection group, and 14 of 20 animals (70%, P < 0.05) in the ultrasound-guided injection group. Therefore, the ultrasound-guided method was effectively shown to be minimally invasive for in utero transplantation and can produce a higher rate of engraftment for transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nagao
- University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University , Tochigi, Japan .
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Tanaka Y, Ikeda T, Kishi Y, Masuda S, Shibata H, Takeuchi K, Komura M, Iwanaka T, Muramatsu SI, Kondo Y, Takahashi K, Yamanaka S, Hanazono Y. ERas is Expressed in Primate Embryonic Stem Cells but not Related to Tumorigenesis. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:381-9. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909788809794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERas gene promotes the proliferation of and formation of teratomas by mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, its human orthologue is not expressed in human ES cells. This implies that the behavior of transplanted mouse ES cells would not accurately reflect the behavior of transplanted human ES cells and that the use of nonhuman primate models might be more appropriate to demonstrate the safety of human ES cell-based therapies. However, the expression of the ERas gene has not been examined in nonhuman primate ES cells. In this study, we cloned the cynomolgus homologue and showed that the ERas gene is expressed in cynomolgus ES cells. Notably, it is also expressed in cynomolgus ES cell-derived differentiated progeny as well as cynomolgus adult tissues. The ERas protein is detectable in various cynomolgus tissues as assessed by immunohistochemisty. Cynomolgus ES cell-derived teratoma cells, which also expressed the ERas gene at higher levels than the undifferentiated cynomolgus ES cells, did not develop tumors in NOD/Shi- scid, IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice. Even when the ERas gene was overexpressed in cynomolgus stromal cells, only the plating efficiency was improved and the proliferation was not promoted. Thus, it is unlikely that ERas contributes to the tumorigenicity of cynomolgus cells. Therefore, cynomolgus ES cells are more similar to human than mouse ES cells despite that ERas is expressed in cynomolgus and mouse ES cells but not in human ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Komura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Iwanaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Kishi Y, Tanaka Y, Shibata H, Nakamura S, Takeuchi K, Masuda S, Ikeda T, Muramatsu SI, Hanazono Y. Variation in the Incidence of Teratomas after the Transplantation of Nonhuman Primate ES Cells into Immunodeficient Mice. Cell Transplant 2008; 17:1095-1102. [DOI: 10.3727/096368908786991560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have the ability to generate teratomas when transplanted into immunodeficient mice, but conditions affecting the generation remain to be elucidated. Nonhuman primate cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted into immunodeficient mice under different conditions; the number of transplanted cells, physical state (clumps or single dissociated cells), transplant site, differentiation state, and immunological state of recipient mice were all varied. The tumorigenicity was then evaluated. When cynomolgus ES cells were transplanted as clumps into the lower limb muscle in either nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) or NOD/SCID/?cnull (NOG) mice, teratomas developed in all the animals transplanted with 1 × 105 or more cells, but were not observed in any mouse transplanted with 1 × 103 cells. However, when the cells were transplanted as dissociated cells, the number of cells necessary for teratomas to form in all mice increased to 5 × 105. When the clump cells were injected subcutaneously (instead of intramuscularly), the number also increased to 5 × 105. When cynomolgus ES cell-derived progenitor cells (1 × 106), which included residual pluripotent cells, were transplanted into the lower limb muscle of NOG or NOD/SCID mice, the incidence of teratomas differed between the strains; teratomas developed in five of five NOG mice but in only two of five NOD/SCID mice. The incidence of teratomas varied substantially depending on the transplanted cells and recipient mice. Thus, considerable care must be taken as to tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kishi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yujiro Tanaka
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibata
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- The Corporation for Production and Research of Laboratory Primates, Ibaraki 300-2658, Japan
| | - Koichi Takeuchi
- Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shigeo Masuda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tamako Ikeda
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Muramatsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hanazono
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
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