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Comparison of SOX2 and POU5F1 Gene Expression in Leukapheresis-Derived CD34+ Cells before and during Cell Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044186. [PMID: 36835597 PMCID: PMC9962001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is an abundant source of both hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic stem cells. Embryonic, fetal and stem cells located in tissues (adipose tissue, skin, myocardium and dental pulp) express core transcription factors, including the SOX2, POU5F1 and NANOG gene responsible for regeneration, proliferation and differentiation into daughter cells. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in CD34-positive peripheral blood stem cells (CD34+ PBSCs) and to analyze the influence of cell culture on the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. The study material consisted of bone marrow-derived stem cells isolated by using leukapheresis from 40 hematooncology patients. Cells obtained in this process were subject to cytometric analysis to determine the content of CD34+ cells. CD34-positive cell separation was conducted using MACS separation. Cell cultures were set, and RNA was isolated. Real-time PCR was conducted in order to evaluate the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes and the obtained data were subject to statistical analysis. We identified the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes in the examined cells and demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) change in their expression in cell cultures. Short-term cell cultures (<6 days) were associated with an increase in the expression of SOX2 and POU5F1 genes. Thus, short-term cultivation of transplanted stem cells could be used to induce pluripotency, leading to better therapeutic effects.
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Rong L, Gu X, Xie J, Zeng Y, Li Q, Chen S, Zou T, Xue L, Xu H, Yin ZQ. Bone Marrow CD133 + Stem Cells Ameliorate Visual Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Mice with Early Diabetic Retinopathy. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:916-936. [PMID: 29717657 PMCID: PMC6050916 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718759463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, is characterized by neurovascular disorders. Emerging evidence has demonstrated retinal neurodegeneration in the early pathogenesis of DR, and no treatment has been developed to prevent the early neurodegenerative changes that precede detectable microvascular disorders. Bone marrow CD133+ stem cells with revascularization properties exhibit neuroregenerative potential. However, whether CD133+ cells can ameliorate the neurodegeneration at the early stage of DR remains unclear. In this study, mouse bone marrow CD133+ stem cells were immunomagnetically isolated and analyzed for the phenotypic characteristics, capacity for neural differentiation, and gene expression of neurotrophic factors. After being labeled with enhanced green fluorescent protein, CD133+ cells were intravitreally transplanted into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice to assess the outcomes of visual function and retina structure and the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect. We found that CD133+ cells co-expressed typical hematopoietic/endothelial stem/progenitor phenotypes, could differentiate to neural lineage cells, and expressed genes of robust neurotrophic factors in vitro. Functional analysis demonstrated that the transplantation of CD133+ cells prevented visual dysfunction for 56 days. Histological analysis confirmed such a functional improvement and showed that transplanted CD133+ cells survived, migrated into the inner retina (IR) over time and preserved IR degeneration, including retina ganglion cells (RGCs) and rod-on bipolar cells. In addition, a subset of transplanted CD133+ cells in the ganglion cell layer differentiated to express RGC markers in STZ-induced diabetic retina. Moreover, transplanted CD133+ cells expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) in vivo and increased the BDNF level in STZ-induced diabetic retina to support the survival of retinal cells. Based on these findings, we suggest that transplantation of bone marrow CD133+ stem cells represents a novel approach to ameliorate visual dysfunction and the underlying IR neurodegeneration at the early stage of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Rong
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Xianliang Gu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyou Li
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Langyue Xue
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital, Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical
University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing,
Chongqing, China
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Gel based in vitro 3D model exploring the osteocytic potentiality of human CD34+ stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:1233-1242. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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LI XIUYING, YANG QIWEI, BAI JINPING, YANG YANYAN, ZHONG LINGZHI, WANG YIMIN. Identification of optimal reference genes for quantitative PCR studies on human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:1304-11. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shah QA, Tan X, Bi S, Liu X, Hu S. Differential characteristics and in vitro angiogenesis of bone marrow- and peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells: evidence from avian species. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:290-8. [PMID: 24824967 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to compare phenotypes and in vitro angiogenic capacity of putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) derived from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), from an avian species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mononuclear cells were isolated from chicken BM and PB (BMMNCs and PBMNCs) and cultured in EGM-2 medium. Cells at days 7-14 were used for the experiments. Expression of progenitor and endothelial markers, number of Dil-ac-LDL/lectin dual-positive cells and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation were determined. Migration and in vitro angiogenic ability between BMMNC- and PBMNC-derived cells were compared. RESULTS PBMNCs developed typical EPC appearance, with initial spindle shape followed by a cobblestone form, whereas BMMNC-derived cells retained their constitutive spindle-like morphology throughout the study. Cells derived from both sources expressed CD133, CD31 and VEGFR-2, although PBMNCs-derived cells had lower CD133 expression. Nevertheless, number of Dil-ac-LDL/lectin dual-positive cells did not differ between groups. Adipogenic and osteogenic lineages were verified in BMMNC- but not in PBMNC-derived cells. PBMNC-derived cells formed tubular networks on Matrigel. However, BMMNC-derived cells formed few tube-like structures, which were not morphologically comparable to those developed by their counterparts. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that so called EPCs derived from BMMNCs are not 'true' EPCs, supporting previous findings on mammals that BM may not serve as an optimal isolation source of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q A Shah
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Ting CH, Ho PJ, Yen BL. Age-related decreases of serum-response factor levels in human mesenchymal stem cells are involved in skeletal muscle differentiation and engraftment capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1206-16. [PMID: 24576136 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) comprise ∼40% of human body weight. Injury or damage to this important tissue can result in physical disability, and in severe cases is difficult for its endogenous stem cell-the satellite cell-to reverse effectively. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are postnatal progenitor/stem cells that possess multilineage mesodermal differentiation capacity, including toward SkM. Adult bone marrow (BM) is the best-studied source of MSCs; however, aging also decreases BMMSC numbers and can adversely affect differentiation capacity. Therefore, we asked whether human sources of developmentally early stage mesenchymal stem cells (hDE-MSCs) isolated from embryonic stem cells, fetal bone, and term placenta could be cellular sources for SkM repair. Under standard muscle-inducing conditions, hDE-MPCs differentiate toward a SkM lineage rather than cardiomyocytic or smooth muscle lineages, as evidenced by increased expression of SkM-associated markers and in vitro myotube formation. In vivo transplantation revealed that SkM-differentiated hDE-MSCs can efficiently incorporate into host SkM tissue in a mouse model of SkM injury. In contrast, adult BMMSCs do not express SkM-associated genes after in vitro SkM differentiation nor engraft in vivo. Further investigation of possible factors responsible for this difference in SkM differentiation potential revealed that, compared with adult BMMSCs, hDE-MSCs expressed higher levels of serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor critical for SkM lineage commitment. Moreover, knockdown of SRF in hDE-MSCs resulted in decreased expression of SkM-related genes after in vitro differentiation and decreased in vivo engraftment. Our results implicate SRF as a key factor in age-related SkM differentiation capacity of MSCs, and demonstrate that hDE-MSCs are possible candidates for SkM repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsuan Ting
- 1 Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Taipei, Taiwan
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The uncertain role of unmodified mesenchymal stem cells in tumor progression: what master switch? Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23510751 PMCID: PMC3707017 DOI: 10.1186/scrt170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as promising gene vectors for cancer therapy because of their unique characteristics, including the ease of their expansion and genetic modification and their remarkable tumor-tropic properties. However, there remains a concern that MSCs may promote cancer progression. Surprisingly, there are conflicting reports within the literature describing both the promotion and inhibition of cancer progression by MSCs. The reasons for this discrepancy are still unknown. The surface markers, differentiation ability, and tumorigenic roles of MSCs, as well as their effect on immunoregulation, produce heterogeneity. In this review, we describe the heterogeneity of MSCs by the species from which they are derived, the methodology for their isolation and the context of their interactions with cancer cells. The conflicting roles of MSCs in tumor progression may be attributable to the bimodal effect of unmodified MSCs on immunoregulation. MSCs have been reported to suppress T-cell function and inhibit graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). On the other hand, MSCs elicit the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect in some cases. Selective allodepletion may be used to dissociate GVHD from the GVT effect. Understanding the conditions that balance GVHD and the GVT effect of MSCs may be crucial to advance cancer therapy research with respect to MSCs.
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Nichols JE, Niles JA, DeWitt D, Prough D, Parsley M, Vega S, Cantu A, Lee E, Cortiella J. Neurogenic and neuro-protective potential of a novel subpopulation of peripheral blood-derived CD133+ ABCG2+CXCR4+ mesenchymal stem cells: development of autologous cell-based therapeutics for traumatic brain injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:3. [PMID: 23290300 PMCID: PMC3707064 DOI: 10.1186/scrt151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nervous system injuries comprise a diverse group of disorders that include traumatic brain injury (TBI). The potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into neural cell types has aroused hope for the possible development of autologous therapies for central nervous system injury. METHODS In this study we isolated and characterized a human peripheral blood derived (HPBD) MSC population which we examined for neural lineage potential and ability to migrate in vitro and in vivo. HPBD CD133+, ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2)+, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)+ MSCs were differentiated after priming with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) combined with trans-retinoic acid (RA) and culture in neural basal media containing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) or co-culture with neuronal cell lines. Differentiation efficiencies in vitro were determined using flow cytometry or fluorescent microscopy of cytospins made of FACS sorted positive cells after staining for markers of immature or mature neuronal lineages. RA-primed CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ human MSCs were transplanted into the lateral ventricle of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 24 hours after sham or traumatic brain injury (TBI). All animals were evaluated for spatial memory performance using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) Test. Histological examination of sham or TBI brains was done to evaluate MSC survival, migration and differentiation into neural lineages. We also examined induction of apoptosis at the injury site and production of MSC neuroprotective factors. RESULTS CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ MSCs consistently expressed markers of neural lineage induction and were positive for nestin, microtubule associated protein-1β (MAP-1β), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuron specific nuclear protein (NEUN) or type III beta-tubulin (Tuj1). Animals in the primed MSC treatment group exhibited MWM latency results similar to the uninjured (sham) group with both groups showing improvements in latency. Histological examination of brains of these animals showed that in uninjured animals the majority of MSCs were found in the lateral ventricle, the site of transplantation, while in TBI rats MSCs were consistently found in locations near the injury site. We found that levels of apoptosis were less in MSC treated rats and that MSCs could be shown to produce neurotropic factors as early as 2 days following transplantation of cells. In TBI rats, at 1 and 3 months post transplantation cells were generated which expressed markers of neural lineages including immature as well as mature neurons. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PBD CD133+ABCG2+CXCR4+ MSCs have the potential for development as an autologous treatment for TBI and neurodegenerative disorders and that MSC derived cell products produced immediately after transplantation may aid in reducing the immediate cognitive defects of TBI.
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Handgretinger R, Kuçi S. CD133-Positive Hematopoietic Stem Cells: From Biology to Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 777:99-111. [PMID: 23161078 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lifelong hematopoiesis is sustained by a very small number of hematopoietic stem cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into multiple hematopoietic lineages. The sialomucin CD34 has been, and is currently, used for the identification and purification of primitive hematopoietic progenitors. Depending on the source of stem cells, CD34 may not be expressed on all progenitor cells. An alternative stem cell marker is prominin-1 (CD133), which is expressed on a subpopulation of CD34(+) cells as well as on CD34(-) progenitor cells derived from various sources including fetal liver and bone marrow, adult bone marrow, cord blood, and mobilized peripheral blood. CD133(+) stem cells can reconstitute myelo- and lymphopoiesis of lethally irradiated mice, and the characterization of the CD133 expression on stem cells provides some insights into the biology of the hierarchy and functional organization of human hematopoiesis. The availability of methods for clinical large-scale isolation of CD133(+) cells facilitates their use in autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and possibly in other fields of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Handgretinger
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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Corbeil D, Karbanová J, Fargeas CA, Jászai J. Prominin-1 (CD133): Molecular and Cellular Features Across Species. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 777:3-24. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Grosse-Gehling P, Fargeas CA, Dittfeld C, Garbe Y, Alison MR, Corbeil D, Kunz-Schughart LA. CD133 as a biomarker for putative cancer stem cells in solid tumours: limitations, problems and challenges. J Pathol 2012; 229:355-78. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grosse-Gehling
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Yvette Garbe
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Malcolm R Alison
- Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London; UK
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
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Pilz GA, Braun J, Ulrich C, Felka T, Warstat K, Ruh M, Schewe B, Abele H, Larbi A, Aicher WK. Human mesenchymal stromal cells express CD14 cross-reactive epitopes. Cytometry A 2011; 79:635-45. [PMID: 21735544 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) do not express a unique definite epitope or marker gene. As such, minimal criteria were recently established for defining multipotent MSC. These criteria include expression of CD73, CD90, CD105, and a lack of hematopoietic marker expression. However, we detected binding of a CD14 antibody on bone marrow- and placenta-derived MSC and investigated the staining of CD14 antibodies on these MSC in more detail. The MSC were isolated from human bone marrow and placenta tissue, expanded, characterized by quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunocytochemistry and differentiated to generate osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. The CD14-cross-reactive MSCs were enriched by cell sorting. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cell lines served as controls. Utilizing four different clones of CD14 monoclonal antibodies, we found that three CD14 reagents stained the MSC. Two CD14 antibodies (HCD14 and M5E2) clearly marked the CD90(+) MSC population with distinct intensities, clone 134 620 generated a shift in flow cytometry histograms, but clone MΦP9 did not stain MSC. Transcripts encoding CD14 or the CD14 protein were not detected in MSC. We confirm that bone marrow- and placenta-derived MSC do not express CD14 and that the CD14 antibody MΦP9 discriminates between monocytes and MSC more efficiently than the other antibodies employed here. This investigation does not contradict previous work but provides a more accurate characterization of MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor A Pilz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine (ZRM), UKT, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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Luni C, Zagallo M, Albania L, Piccoli M, Pozzobon M, De Coppi P, Elvassore N. Design of a stirred multiwell bioreactor for expansion of CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells in hypoxic conditions. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1154-62. [PMID: 21674817 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Besides having a metabolic role, oxygen is recognized as an important signaling stimulus for stem cells. In hematopoiesis, hypoxia seems to favor stem cell self-renewal. In fact, long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells reside in bone marrow at concentrations as low as 1% oxygen. However, O2 concentration is difficult to control in vitro. Thermodynamically, we found significant differences between O2 solubility in different media, and in presence of serum. Furthermore, we verified that medium equilibration with a hypoxic atmosphere requires several hours. Thus, in a static culture, the effective O2 concentration in the cell immediate microenvironment is difficult to control and subject to concentration gradients. Stirred systems improve homogeneity within the culture volume. In this work, we developed a stirred bioreactor to investigate hypoxia effect on the expression of stem cell markers in CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood. The stirring system was designed on top of a standard six-well plate to favor continuity with conventional static conditions and transfer of culture protocols. The bioreactor volume (10 mL/well) is suitable for cell expansion and multiparametric flow cytometry analyses. First, it was tested at 21% O2 for biocompatibility and other possible effects on the cells compared to static conditions. Then, it was used to study c-kit expression of CD34+ cells at 5% O2, using 21%-O2 cultures as a control. In hypoxia we found that CD34+ cells maintained a higher expression of c-kit. Further investigation is needed to explore the dynamics of interaction between oxygen- and c-kit-dependent pathways at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Luni
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Niehage C, Steenblock C, Pursche T, Bornhäuser M, Corbeil D, Hoflack B. The cell surface proteome of human mesenchymal stromal cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20399. [PMID: 21637820 PMCID: PMC3102717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multipotent human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are considered as promising biological tools for regenerative medicine. Their antibody-based isolation relies on the identification of reliable cell surface markers. Methodology/Principal Findings To obtain a comprehensive view of the cell surface proteome of bone marrow-derived hMSCs, we have developed an analytical pipeline relying on cell surface biotinylation of intact cells using cell impermeable, cleavable sulfo-NHS-SS-biotin to enrich the plasma membrane proteins and mass spectrometry for identification with extremely high confidence. Among the 888 proteins identified, we found ≈200 bona fide plasma membrane proteins including 33 cell adhesion molecules and 26 signaling receptors. In total 41 CD markers including 5 novel ones (CD97, CD112, CD239, CD276, and CD316) were identified. The CD markers are distributed homogenously within plastic-adherent hMSC populations and their expression is modulated during the process of adipogenesis or osteogenesis. Moreover, our in silico analysis revealed a significant difference between the cell surface proteome of hMSCs and that of human embryonic stem cells reported previously. Conclusions/Significance Collectively, our analytical methods not only provide a basis for further studies of mechanisms maintaining the multipotency of hMSCs within their niches and triggering their differentiation after signaling, but also a toolbox for a refined antibody-based identification of hMSC populations from different tissues and their isolation for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Niehage
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Theresia Pursche
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernard Hoflack
- Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bozzi F, Conca E, Manenti G, Negri T, Brich S, Gronchi A, Pierotti MA, Tamborini E, Pilotti S. High CD133 expression levels in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2011; 80:238-47. [PMID: 21462307 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.20589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Revised: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) have activating KIT or PDGFRA gene mutations. Imatinib mesylate, which targets KIT and PDGFRA, is effective in treating GISTs, but 90% of GIST patients become imatinib-resistant as a result of acquiring secondary KIT mutations. Recent findings suggest that tumour growth can be driven by mutated self-renewing progenitors known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are believed to be present in all neoplastic proliferations and are thought to accumulate mutations. It is therefore possible that the acquisition of secondary KIT mutations during imatinib treatment may occur in putative GIST CSCs. METHODS Using flow cytometry, in vivo murine xenografts and molecular characterization, we tried to identify putative GIST CSCs by looking for the occurrence of common CSC markers such as KIT, CD133, CD90, CD44, and CD34 in 18 surgical samples obtained from nine untreated and nine imatinib-treated KIT-mutated GIST patients. RESULTS The results indicated the homogeneous and previously unreported expression of CD133 (18/18), CD90 (15/16), and CD44 (12/14), together with KIT (18/18) and CD34 (13/18). This profile is similar to that identified in bone marrow mesenchymal progenitors and does not seem to be significantly modified by imatinib as only marginal changes in KIT and CD133 expression (P ≤ 0.05, Mann-Whitney test) were found in the treated samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GISTs are a clonal expansion of quite primitive cells that strictly depend on KIT oncogenic addiction, and have no cancer/stem cell component that can be detected by means of the antigens used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bozzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Ong LL, Li W, Oldigs JK, Kaminski A, Gerstmayer B, Piechaczek C, Wagner W, Li RK, Ma N, Steinhoff G. Hypoxic/normoxic preconditioning increases endothelial differentiation potential of human bone marrow CD133+ cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 16:1069-81. [PMID: 20073989 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133+ cells are hemangioblasts that have capacity to generate into both hematopoietic and endothelial cells (ECs). Hypoxia/normoxia has shown to be the regulator of the balance between stemness and differentiation. In this study we performed Agilent's whole human genome oligo microarray analysis and examined the differentiation potential of the bone-marrow-derived CD133+ cells after hypoxic/normoxic preconditioning of CD133+ cells. Results showed that there was no significant increase in erythroid colony forming unit (CFU-E) and CFU-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte formation with cells treated under hypoxia/normoxia. However, a significant increment of EC forming unit at 24 h (143.2 +/- 8.0%) compared to 0 h (100 +/- 11.4%) was observed in CFU-EC analysis. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunostaining analysis showed that the differentiated cells diminished hematopoietic stem cell surface markers and acquired the gene markers and functional phenotype of ECs. The transcriptome profile revealed a cluster of 232 downregulated and 498 upregulated genes in cells treated for 24 h under hypoxia. The upregulated genes include angiogenic genes, angiogenic growth factor genes, angiogenic cytokine and chemokine genes, as well as angiogenic-positive regulatory genes, including FGFBP1, PDGFB, CCL15, CXCL12, CXCL6, IL-6, PTN, EREG, ERBB2, EDG5, FGF3, FHF2, GDF15, JUN, L1CAM, NRG1, NGFR, and PDGFB. On the other hand, angiogenesis inhibitors and related genes, including IL12A, MLLT7, STAB1, and TIMP2, are downregulated. Taken together, hypoxic/normoxic preconditioning may lead to the differentiation of CD133+ cells toward endothelial lineage, which may improve the current clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Lee Ong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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17
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Boeuf S, Richter W. Chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells: role of tissue source and inducing factors. Stem Cell Res Ther 2010; 1:31. [PMID: 20959030 PMCID: PMC2983444 DOI: 10.1186/scrt31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cell therapy in cartilage. Although their therapeutic potential is clear, the requirements and conditions for effective induction of chondrogenesis in MSCs and for the production of a stable cartilaginous tissue by these cells are far from being understood. Different sources of MSCs have been considered for cartilage tissue engineering, mainly based on criteria of availability, as for adipose tissue, or of proximity to cartilage and the joint environment in vivo, as for bone marrow and synovial tissues. Focussing on human MSCs, this review will provide an overview of studies featuring comparative analysis of the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs from different sources. In particular, it will examine the influence of the cells' origin on the requirements for the induction of chondrogenesis and on the phenotype achieved by the cells after differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Boeuf
- Research Centre for Experimental Orthopaedics, Orthopaedic University Hospital Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Xu H, Miki K, Ishibashi S, Inoue J, Sun L, Endo S, Sekiya I, Muneta T, Inazawa J, Dezawa M, Mizusawa H. Transplantation of neuronal cells induced from human mesenchymal stem cells improves neurological functions after stroke without cell fusion. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3598-609. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Pozzobon M, Bollini S, Iop L, De Gaspari P, Chiavegato A, Rossi CA, Giuliani S, Leon FF, Elvassore N, Sartore S, De Coppi P. Human Bone Marrow-Derived CD133+ Cells Delivered to a Collagen Patch on Cryoinjured Rat Heart Promote Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1247-60. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x505864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanting hematopoietic and peripheral blood-derived stem/progenitor cells can have beneficial effects in slowing the effects of heart failure. We investigated whether human bone marrow CD133+-derived cells (BM-CD133+ cells) might be used for cell therapy of heart injury in combination with tissue engineering. We examined these cells for: 1) their in vitro capacity to be converted into cardiomyocytes (CMs), and 2) their potential for in vivo differentiation when delivered to a tissue-engineered type I collagen patch placed on injured hearts (group II). To ensure a microvascular network ready for use by the transplanted cells, cardiac injury and patching were scheduled 2 weeks before cell injection. The cardiovascular potential of the BM-CD133+ cells was compared with that of a direct injection (group I) of the same cells in heart tissue damaged according to the same schedule as for group II. While a small fraction (2 ± 0.5%) of BM-CD133+cells cocultured with rat CMs switched in vitro to a CM-like cell phenotype, in vivo—and in both groups of nude rats transplanted with BM-CD133+—there was no evidence of any CM differentiation (as detected by cardiac troponin I expression), but there were signs instead of new capillaries and small arterioles. While capillaries prevailed over arterioles in group II, the opposite occurred in group I. The transplanted cells further contributed to the formation of new microvessels induced by the patch (group II) but the number of vessels did not appear superior to the one developed after directly injecting the BM-CD133+cells into the injured heart. Although chimeric human–rat microvessels were consistently found in the hearts of both groups I and II, they represented a minority (1.5–2.3%) compared with those of rat origin. Smooth muscle myosin isoform expression suggested that the arterioles achieved complete differentiation irrespective of the presence or absence of the collagen patch. These findings suggest that: 1) BM-CD133+ cells display a limited propensity for in vitro conversion to CMs; 2) the preliminarily vascularized bioscaffold did not confer a selective homing and differentiation advantage for the phenotypic conversion of BM-CD133+ cells into CMs; and 3) combined patching and cell transplantation is suitable for angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, but it does not produce better results, in terms of endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation, than the “traditional” method of cell injection into the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pozzobon
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Bollini
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Iop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P. De Gaspari
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Chiavegato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C. A. Rossi
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Giuliani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Fascetti Leon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - N. Elvassore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Sartore
- Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P. De Coppi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Curtis KM, Gomez LA, Rios C, Garbayo E, Raval AP, Perez-Pinzon MA, Schiller PC. EF1alpha and RPL13a represent normalization genes suitable for RT-qPCR analysis of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:61. [PMID: 20716364 PMCID: PMC2931506 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RT-qPCR analysis is a widely used method for the analysis of mRNA expression throughout the field of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) research. Comparison between MSC studies, both in vitro and in vivo, are challenging due to the varied methods of RT-qPCR data normalization and analysis. Therefore, this study focuses on putative housekeeping genes for the normalization of RT-qPCR data between heterogeneous commercially available human MSC, compared with more homogeneous populations of MSC such as MIAMI and RS-1 cells. Results Eight genes including; ACTB, B2M, EF1α, GAPDH, RPL13a, YWHAZ, UBC
and HPRT1
were tested as possible housekeeping genes based on their expression level and variability. EF1α and RPL13a were validated for RT-qPCR analysis of MIAMI cells during expansion in varied oxygen tensions, endothelial differentiation, neural precursor enrichment, and during the comparison with RS-1 cells and commercially available MSC. RPL13a and YWHAZ were validated as normalization genes for the cross-species analysis of MIAMI cells in an animal model of focal ischemia. GAPDH, which is one of the most common housekeeping genes used for the normalization of RT-qPCR data in the field of MSC research, was found to have the highest variability and deemed not suitable for normalization of RT-qPCR data. Conclusions In order to make comparisons between heterogeneous MSC populations, as well as adult stem cell like MSC which are used in different laboratories throughout the world, it is important to have a standardized, reproducible set of housekeeping genes for RT-qPCR analysis. In this study we demonstrate that EF1α, RPL13a and YWHAZ are suitable genes for the RT-qPCR analysis and comparison of several sources of human MSC during in vitro characterization and differentiation as well as in an ex vivo animal model of global cerebral ischemia. This will allow for the comparative RT-qPCR analysis of multiple MSC populations with the goal of future use in animal models of disease as well as tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Curtis
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center and The Geriatrics Institute, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, Florida 33125 USA
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21
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Human CD133-derived bone marrow stromal cells establish ectopic hematopoietic microenvironments in immunodeficient mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:212-8. [PMID: 20719235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cultured adherent bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are capable of forming ectopic hematopoietic microenvironments (HMEs) in immunodeficient mice. However, the cell surface phenotype of the native bone marrow stem/progenitor cell that gives rise to BMSCs that support hematopoiesis remains poorly defined. We recently reported the derivation of human BMSC-like cells (CD133BMSCs) by magnetic cell sorting against Prominin-1 (CD133), an epitope expressed by embryonic, fetal, and adult stem cells. Here we demonstrate that CD133BMSCs are capable of forming ectopic HMEs. Cultured adherent CD133BMSCs derived from sorted CD133-positive cells lacked CD133 expression, but were uniformly positive for CD146, an epitope recently described to identify self-renewing osteoprogenitor cells that could transfer the HME. CD133BMSCs were genetically-tagged by lentivirus, expanded, and seeded into HA/TCP/fibrin constructs that were implanted subcutaneously. After 60days, CD133BMSCs produced human osteocytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, and reticular cells that supported murine hematopoiesis. CD133BMSCs that were not transduced with lentivirus also formed HMEs. Control constructs seeded with human dermal fibroblasts formed connective tissue, but failed to form HMEs. Our data indicate that CD133 expression identifies a native human bone marrow stem/progenitor cell that gives rise to BMSCs capable of forming the HME.
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Freund D, Fonseca AV, Janich P, Bornhäuser M, Corbeil D. Differential expression of biofunctional GM1 and GM3 gangliosides within the plastic-adherent multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell population. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:131-42. [PMID: 20196693 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903476438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS It is unclear whether the plastic-adherent multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) isolated from human bone marrow (BM) represent a uniform cell population or are heterogeneous in terms of cell-surface constituents and hence functionality. METHODS We investigated the expression profile of certain biofunctional lipids by plastic-adherent MSC, focusing particularly on two membrane microdomain (lipid raft)-associated monosialogangliosides, GM1 and GM3, using indirect confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. RESULTS Phenotypically, we observed a differential expression where certain MSC subsets exhibited GM1, GM3 or both at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, disialoganglioside GD2 detection increased the complexity of the expression patterns, giving rise to seven identifiable cell phenotypes. Variation of standard culture conditions, such as the number of cell passage and period in culture, as well as donors, did not influence the heterologous ganglioside expression profile. In contrast, the binding of various lectins appeared homogeneous throughout the MSC population, indicating that the general glycosylation pattern remained common. Morphologically, the expression of a given ganglioside-based phenotype was not related to a cell with particular size or shape. Interestingly, a segregation of GM1 and GM3 clusters was observed, GM3 being mostly excluded from the highly curved plasma membrane protrusions. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity of plastic-adherent MSC in terms of certain lipid constituents of the plasma membrane, and the presence and/or absence of distinct ganglioside-based membrane microdomains suggest their potential functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Freund
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories, BIOTEC and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Honoki K. Do stem-like cells play a role in drug resistance of sarcomas? Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10:261-70. [PMID: 20132001 DOI: 10.1586/era.09.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are defined by their unique characteristics, which include their abilities to self-renew and differentiate. Normal somatic stem cells have been isolated from various tissues such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, mammary glands and the nervous system. They are considered naturally resistant to chemotherapeutic agents because they express high levels of membrane transporter molecules, detoxifying enzymes and DNA repair proteins. Several recent studies have identified the presence of side populations in various cancer tissues, the so-called 'cancer stem cells', which are defined as the counterparts of stem cells in tumor tissues. These cancer stem cells possess stem-like properties, such as self-renewal and differentiation abilities, as well as playing a role in tumor initiation. Most sarcomas, which are thought to originate from mesenchymal stem cells, are highly malignant and approximately 30-40% of them show local and/or distant relapse (metastasis), even in the case of relatively chemosensitive tumors such as osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas. Several studies have suggested the presence of stem-like cell populations in sarcomas, based on their tumorigenicity and drug resistance. This review explores the issues of drug resistance of cancer stem cells in sarcomas and the possibilities of targeting cancer stem cells for the future treatment of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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24
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Riekstina U, Cakstina I, Parfejevs V, Hoogduijn M, Jankovskis G, Muiznieks I, Muceniece R, Ancans J. Embryonic stem cell marker expression pattern in human mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, heart and dermis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 5:378-86. [PMID: 20058201 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from a variety of human tissues, e.g., bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis, hair follicles, heart, liver, spleen, dental pulp. Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative potential MSCs have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies for a variety of conditions, such as graft versus host disease (GvHD), Crohn's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, cartilage damage and myocardial infarction. MSC cultures are composed of heterogeneous cell populations. Complications in defining MSC arise from the fact that different laboratories have employed different tissue sources, extraction, and cultivation methods. Although cell-surface antigens of MSCs have been extensively explored, there is no conclusive evidence that unique stem cells markers are associated with these adult cells. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine expression of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4 in adult mesenchymal stem cell populations derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, dermis and heart. Furthermore, we tested whether human mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions. We found that bone marrow MSCs express embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, adipose tissue and dermis MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2, alkaline phosphatase and SSEA-4, whereas heart MSCs express Oct4, Nanog, SOX2 and SSEA-4. Our results also indicate that human adult mesenchymal stem cells preserve tissue-specific differences under in vitro culture conditions during early passages, as shown by distinct germ layer and embryonic stem cell marker expression patterns. Studies are now needed to determine the functional role of embryonic stem cell markers Oct4, Nanog and SOX2 in adult human MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Riekstina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1001, Latvia.
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25
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Shalapour S, Eckert C, Seeger K, Pfau M, Prada J, Henze G, Blankenstein T, Kammertoens T. Leukemia-associated genetic aberrations in mesenchymal stem cells of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:249-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Tao XR, Li WL, Su J, Jin CX, Wang XM, Li JX, Hu JK, Xiang ZH, Lau JTY, Hu YP. Clonal mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow can differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in injured livers of SCID mice. J Cell Biochem 2009; 108:693-704. [PMID: 19693776 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can be a valuable, transplantable source of hepatocytes. Most of the hMSCs preparations used in these studies were likely heterogeneous cell populations, isolated by adherence to plastic surfaces or by density gradient centrifugation. Therefore, the participation of other unknown trace cell populations cannot be rigorously discounted. Here we report the isolation and establishment of a cloned human MSC line (chMSC) from human bone marrow primary culture, through which we confirmed the hepatic differentiation capability of authentic hMSCs. chMSCs expressed markers of mesenchymal cells, but not markers of hematopoietic stem cells. In vitro, chMSCs can differentiate into either mesenchymal cells or cells exhibiting hepatocyte-like phenotypes. When transplanted intrasplentically into carbon tetrachloride-injured livers of SCID mice, EGFP-tagged chMSCs engrafted into the host liver parenchyma, exhibited typical hepatocyte morphology, form a three-dimensional architecture, and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells expressing human albumin and alpha-1-anti-trypsin. By confocal microscopy, ultrafine intercellular nanotubular structures were visible between adjacent transplanted and host hepatocytes. We postulate that these structures may assist in the phenotype conversion of chMSCs, possibly by exchange of cytoplasmic components between native hepatocytes and transplanted cells. Thus, a clonal pure population of hMSCs, which can be expanded in culture, may have potential as a cellular source for substitution damaged cells in hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd., Shanghai 200433, PR China
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27
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Gelpi E, Heinzl H, Höftberger R, Unterberger U, Ströbel T, Voigtländer T, Drobna E, Jarius C, Lang S, Waldhör T, Bernheimer H, Budka H. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in Austria: An Autopsy-Controlled Study. Neuroepidemiology 2008; 30:215-21. [DOI: 10.1159/000126915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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