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Li M, Liu JX, Ma B, Liu JY, Chen J, Jin F, Hu CH, Xu HK, Zheng CX, Hou R. A Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibits the Viability of Breast Cancer Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1093-1105. [PMID: 38457059 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10710-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most prevalent malignancy in women, often progresses to bone metastases, especially in older individuals. Dormancy, a critical aspect of bone-metastasized breast cancer cells (BCCs), enables them to evade treatment and recur. This dormant state is regulated by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) through the secretion of various factors, including those associated with senescence. However, the specific mechanisms by which BMMSCs induce dormancy in BCCs remain unclear. To address this gap, a bone-specific senescence-accelerated murine model, SAMP6, was utilized to minimize confounding systemic age-related factors. Confirming senescence-accelerated osteoporosis, distinct BMMSC phenotypes were observed in SAMP6 mice compared to SAMR1 counterparts. Notably, SAMP6-BMMSCs exhibited premature senescence primarily due to telomerase activity loss and activation of the p21 signaling pathway. Furthermore, the effects of conditioned medium (CM) derived from SAMP6-BMMSCs versus SAMR1-BMMSCs on BCC proliferation were examined. Intriguingly, only CM from SAMP6-BMMSCs inhibited BCC proliferation by upregulating p21 expression in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest that the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) of BMMSCs suppresses BCC viability by inducing p21, a pivotal cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor. This highlights a heightened susceptibility of BCCs to dormancy in a senescent microenvironment, potentially contributing to the increased incidence of breast cancer bone metastasis and recurrence observed with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jin-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ji Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Fang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Hao-Kun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Rui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Shin YK, Cheon S, Kim SD, Moon JS, Kim JY, Kim SH, Park C, Kim MS. Identification of novel candidate genes implicated in odontogenic potential in the developing mouse tooth germ using transcriptome analysis. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:1087-1094. [PMID: 34302633 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tooth bioengineering for replacement therapy of missing teeth, the utilized cells must possess an inductive signal-forming ability to initiate odontogenesis. This ability is called odontogenic potential. In mice, the odontogenic potential signal is known to be translocated from the epithelium to the mesenchyme at the early bud stage in the developing molar tooth germ. However, the identity of the molecular constituents of this process remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine the molecular identity of odontogenic potential and to provide a new perspective in the field of tooth development research. METHODS In this study, whole transcriptome profiles of the mouse molar tooth germ epithelium and mesenchyme were investigated using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique. The analyzed transcriptomes corresponded to two developmental stages, embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) and 14.5 (E14.5), which represent the odontogenic potential shifts. RESULTS We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were specifically overexpressed in both the E11.5 epithelium and E14.5 mesenchyme, but not expressed in their respective counterparts. Of the 55 DEGs identified, the top three most expressed transcription factor genes (transcription factor AP-2 beta isoform 3 [TFAP2B], developing brain homeobox protein 2 [DBX2], and insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 [ISL1]) and three tooth development-related genes (transcription factor HES-5 [HES5], platelet-derived growth factor D precursor [PDGFD], semaphrin-3 A precursor [SEMA3A]) were selected and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Using immunofluorescence staining, the TFAP2B protein expression was found to be localized only at the E11.5 epithelium and E14.5 mesenchyme. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our empirical findings in the present study may provide a new perspective into the characterization of the molecules responsible for the odontogenic potential and may have an implication in the cell-based whole tooth regeneration strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Kyeong Shin
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Seongmin Cheon
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Sung-Duk Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Chungoo Park
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-Dong, Buk-Ku, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
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Peterson A, Nair L. Hair Follicle Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:695-706. [PMID: 34238037 PMCID: PMC9419938 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the positive outcomes of various cell therapies currently under pre-clinical and clinical studies, there is a significant interest in novel stem cell sources with unique therapeutic properties. Studies over the past two decades or so demonstrated the feasibility to isolate multipotent/pluripotent stem cells from hair follicles. The easy accessibility, high proliferation and differentiation ability as well as lack of ethical concerns associated with this stem cell source make hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) attractive candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. This review discusses the various stem cell types identified in rodent and human hair follicles and ongoing studies on the potential use of HFSCs for skin, bone, cardio-vascular, and nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Peterson
- University of Connecticut, 7712, Storrs, Connecticut, United States;
| | - Lakshmi Nair
- University of Connecticut Health Center, 21654, Orthopaedic Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut, United States;
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Farivar S, Ramezankhani R, Mohajerani E, Ghazimoradi MH, Shiari R. Gene Expression Analysis of Chondrogenic Markers in Hair Follicle Dermal Papillae Cells Under the Effect of Laser Photobiomodulation and the Synovial Fluid. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:171-178. [PMID: 31749941 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Regarding the limited ability of the damaged cartilage cells to self-renew, which is due to their specific tissue structure, subtle damages can usually cause diseases such as osteoarthritis. In this work, using laser photobiomodulation and an interesting source of growth factors cocktail called the synovial fluid, we analyzed the chondrogenic marker genes in treated hair follicle dermal papilla cells as an accessible source of cells with relatively high differentiation potential. Methods: Dermal papilla cells were isolated from rat whisker hair follicle (Rattus norvegicus) and established cell cultures were treated with a laser (gallium aluminum arsenide diode Laser (λ=780 nm, 30 mW) at 5 J/cm2 ), the synovial fluid, and a combination of both. After 1, 4, 7, and 14 days, the morphological changes were evaluated and the expression levels of four chondrocyte marker genes (Col2a1, Sox-9, Col10a1, and Runx-2) were assessed by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: It was monitored that treating cells with laser irradiation can accelerate the rate of proliferation of cells. The morphology of the cells treated with the synovial fluid altered considerably as in the fourth day they surprisingly looked like cultured articular chondrocytes. The gene expression analysis showed that all genes were up-regulated until the day 14 following the treatments although not equally in all the cell groups. Moreover, the cell groups treated with both irradiation and the synovial fluid had a significantly augmented expression in gene markers. Conclusion: Based on the gene expression levels and the morphological changes, we concluded that the synovial fluid can have the potential to make the dermal papilla cells to most likely mimic the chondrogenic and/or osteogenic differentiation, although this process seems to be augmented by the irradiation of the low-level laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Farivar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Ramezankhani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezedin Mohajerani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Ghazimoradi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shiari
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yang X, Ma Y, Guo W, Yang B, Tian W. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth as an alternative cell source in bio-root regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2694-2711. [PMID: 31131062 PMCID: PMC6525984 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A stem cell-mediated bioengineered tooth root (bio-root) has proven to be a prospective tool for the treatment of tooth loss. As shown in our previous studies, dental follicle cells (DFCs) are suitable seeding cells for the construction of bio-roots. However, the DFCs which can only be obtained from unerupted tooth germ are restricted. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), which are harvested much more easily through a minimally invasive procedure, may be used as an alternative seeding cell. In this case, we compared the odontogenic characteristics of DFCs and SHEDs in bio-root regeneration. Methods: The biological characteristics of SHEDs and DFCs were determined in vitro. The cells were then induced to secrete abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and form macroscopic cell sheets. We combined the cell sheets with treated dentin matrix (TDM) for subcutaneous transplantation into nude mice and orthotopic jaw bone implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats to further verify their regenerative potential. Results: DFCs exhibited a higher proliferation rate and stronger osteogenesis and adipogenesis capacities, while SHEDs displayed increased migration ability and excellent neurogenic potential. Both dental follicle cell sheets (DFCSs) and sheets of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDSs) expressed not only ECM proteins but also osteogenic and odontogenic proteins. Importantly, similar to DFCSs/TDM, SHEDSs/TDM also successfully achieved the in vivo regeneration of the periodontal tissues, which consist of periodontal ligament fibers, blood vessels and new born alveolar bone. Conclusions: Both SHEDs and DFCs possessed a similar odontogenic differentiation capacity in vivo, and SHEDs were regarded as a prospective seeding cell for use in bio-root regeneration in the future.
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High Glucose Enhances the Odonto/Osteogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla via NF-KappaB Signaling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5068258. [PMID: 31080819 PMCID: PMC6476152 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5068258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective The transport and metabolism of glucose are important during mammalian development. High glucose can mediate the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). However, the role of high glucose in the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) is unclear. Materials and Methods SCAPs were isolated and identified in vitro. Then, SCAPs were cultured in normal α-MEM and high glucose α-MEM separately. MTT assay was applied to observe the proliferation of SCAPs. ALP activity, alizarin red staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot were used to detect the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs as well as the participation of NF-κB pathway. Results SCAPs in 25mmol/L glucose group expressed the maximum proteins of RUNX2 and ALP as compared with those in 5, 10, and 15 mmol/L groups. MTT assay showed that 25 mmol/L glucose suppressed the proliferation of SCAPs. ALP assay, alizarin red staining, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot showed 25 mmol/L high glucose can obviously enhance the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs. Moreover, the NF-κB pathway was activated in 25mmol/L glucose-treated SCAPs and the odonto/osteogenic differentiation was inhibited following the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Conclusions High glucose can enhance the odonto/osteogenic capacity of SCAPs via NF-κB pathway.
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Zheng JM, Kong YY, Li YY, Zhang W. MagT1 regulated the odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs induced byTGC-CM via ERK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:48. [PMID: 30704530 PMCID: PMC6357492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are suitable cell sources for dental pulp regeneration, but the mechanism of BMMSCs differentiation into odontogenic lineage remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to reveal the role of magnesium transporter protein 1 (MagT1) and MAPK pathways in the odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Methods The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to explore the altered transcriptome of BMMSCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation induced by tooth germ cell-condition medium (TGC-CM). Pathway analysis was conducted to explore enriched pathways of the differential expression signature. Automated western blot, real-time PCR, shRNA lentivirus, and flow cytometry were used to detect the function of MagTl and MAPK pathway in odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Results RNA-seq identified 622 differentially expressed genes associated with odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs induced by TGC-CM, some of which were responsible for MAPK pathway. Consistently, we verified that TGC-CM induced odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs through activating ERK/MAPK pathway, and the inactivation of ERK/MAPK pathway inhibited the odontogenic differentiation induced by TGC-CM. We also found MagT1 protein was significantly increased during odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs induced by TGC-CMM, in accordance, MagT1 knockdown significantly decreased the extent of mineralized nodules and the protein levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSP). Flow cytometry showed that intracellular Mg2+ was significantly reduced in MagT1-knockdown BMMSCs, indicating the suppression of MagT1 inhibited odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs by decreasing intracellular Mg2+. Finally, we performed RNA-seq to explore the altered transcriptome of MagT1-knockdown BMMSCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation and identified 281 differentially expressed genes, some of which were involved in MAPK pathway. Consistently, automated western blot analysis found the ERK/MAPK pathway was inhibited in MagT1-knockdown BMMSCs during odontogenic differentiation, indicating that suppression of MagT1 inhibited odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs via ERK/MAPK pathway. Conclusions This study identified the significant alteration of transcriptome in BMMSCs undergoing odontogenic differentiation induced by TGC-CM. We clarified the pivotal role of MagT1 and ERK/MAPK pathway in odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs, and suppression of MagT1 inhibited the odontogenic differentiation of BMMSCs by decreasing the intracellular Mg2+ and inactivating ERK/MAPK pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1148-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mao Zheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Kong
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Endodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Yin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various application. Here, we reviewed the history of dental pulp stem cell study and the detail experimental method including isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and the differentiation strategy to different cell lineage. Moreover, we discussed the future potential application of the combination of tissue engineering and of DPSC differentiation. This review will help the new learner to quickly get into the DPSC filed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, 610072 China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062 Hubei China
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with Treated dentin matrix to build biological root. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44635. [PMID: 28401887 PMCID: PMC5388852 DOI: 10.1038/srep44635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Treated dentin matrix (TDM) as a kind of scaffolding material has been proved odontogenic induction ability on dental-derived stem cells. Given the limited resources of dental stem cells, it is necessary to seek new seed cell which easily obtained. Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (JBMMSC) as non-dental-derived stem cell relates to the development of teeth and jaws which suggest us JBMMSCs could act as a new seed cell for tooth tissue engineering. To assess the odontogenic and osteogenic potential of JBMMSCs, cells were induced by TDM extraction in vitro and combined with TDM in vivo. Results were analyzed by PCR, Western Blotting and histology. PCR and Western Blotting showed odontogenic and osteogenic makers were significantly enhanced in varying degrees after induced by TDM extraction in vitro. In vivo, JBMMSCs expressed both odontogenic and osteogenic-related protein, and the latter showed stronger positive expression. Furthermore, histological examination of the harvested grafts was observed the formation of bone-like tissue. Therefore, osteogenic differentiation ability of JBMMSCs were enhanced significantly after being inducted by TDM which illustrates that non-odontogenic derived stem cells are still promising seed cells in tooth root tissue engineering.
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Mele L, Vitiello PP, Tirino V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Liccardo D, Papaccio G, Desiderio V. Changing Paradigms in Cranio-Facial Regeneration: Current and New Strategies for the Activation of Endogenous Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:62. [PMID: 26941656 PMCID: PMC4764712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial area represent a unique district of human body characterized by a very high complexity of tissues, innervation and vascularization, and being deputed to many fundamental function such as eating, speech, expression of emotions, delivery of sensations such as taste, sight, and earing. For this reasons, tissue loss in this area following trauma or for example oncologic resection, have a tremendous impact on patients' quality of life. In the last 20 years regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solve problem related to trauma, tissue loss, organ failure etc. One of the most powerful tools to be used for tissue regeneration is represented by stem cells, which have been successfully implanted in different tissue/organs with exciting results. Nevertheless, both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation raise many practical and ethical concerns that make this approach very difficult to apply in clinical practice. For this reason different cell free approaches have been developed aiming to the mobilization, recruitment, and activation of endogenous stem cells into the injury site avoiding exogenous cells implant but instead stimulating patients' own stem cells to repair the lesion. To this aim many strategies have been used including functionalized bioscaffold, controlled release of stem cell chemoattractants, growth factors, BMPs, Platelet-Rich-Plasma, and other new strategies such as ultrasound wave and laser are just being proposed. Here we review all the current and new strategies used for activation and mobilization of endogenous stem cells in the regeneration of craniofacial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Medical Oncology, Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara," Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Department of Odontology and Surgery, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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Yoo HI, Lee GH, Lee SY, Kang JH, Moon JS, Kim MS, Kim SH. Expression of amelogenin and effects of cyclosporin A in developing hair follicles in rats. J Anat 2015; 228:153-61. [PMID: 26426935 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin, an enamel matrix protein has been considered to be exclusively expressed by ameloblasts during odontogenesis. However, burgeoning evidence indicates that amelogenin is also expressed in non-mineralizing tissues. Under the hypothesis that amelogenin may be a functional molecule in developing hair follicles which share developmental features with odontogenesis, this study for the first time elucidated the presence and functional changes of amelogenin and its receptors during rat hair follicle development. Amelogenin was specifically localized in the outer epithelial root sheath of hair follicles. Its expression appeared in the deeper portion of hair follicles, i.e. the bulbar and suprabulbar regions rather than the superficial region. Lamp-1, an amelogenin receptor, was localized in either follicular cells or outer epithelial sheath cells, reflecting functional changes during development. The expression of amelogenin splicing variants increased in a time-dependent manner during postnatal development of hair follicles. Amelogenin expression was increased by treatment with cyclosporin A, which is an inducer of anagen in the hair follicle, whereas the level of Lamp-1 and -2 was decreased by cyclosporin A treatment. These results suggest that amelogenin may be a functional molecule involved in the development of the hair follicle rather than an inert hair shaft matrix protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Il Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gye-Hyeok Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su-Young Lee
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Chen G, Sun Q, Xie L, Jiang Z, Feng L, Yu M, Guo W, Tian W. Comparison of the Odontogenic Differentiation Potential of Dental Follicle, Dental Papilla, and Cranial Neural Crest Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1091-9. [PMID: 25882137 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During tooth development, cells originating from the neural crest serve as precursors to the cells in the dental follicle and dental papilla. Therefore, the current study aimed to understand the associations of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), dental follicle cells (DFCs), and dental papilla cells (DPCs) by performing a parallel comparison to evaluate their odontogenic differentiation capacities. METHODS In this study, we harvested the 3 cells from C57/green fluorescent protein-positive mice or embryos and compared the cell morphology, surface antigens, microstructures, and gene and protein expression. Under the odontogenic microenvironments provided by treated dentin matrix, the odontogenic differentiations of the 3 cells were further compared in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The gene levels of DFCs in neurofilament, tubulin, and nestin were close to the DPCs, and in alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein were the lowest in the 3 cells. However, Western blot results showed that DFCs possessed more similar protein profiles to CNCCs than DPCs, including collagen 1, transforming growth factor beta 1, osteopontin, neurofilament, and dentin matrix protein 1. Meanwhile, DFCs as 1 source of dental stem cells possessed high potency in odontogenic differentiation in vitro. Moreover, similar dentinlike tissues were observed in all 3 groups in vivo. CONCLUSIONS CNCCs, DFCs, and DPCs possessed different biological characteristics in odontogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qince Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Pedodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Chen YJ, Zhao YH, Zhao YJ, Liu NX, Lv X, Li Q, Chen FM, Zhang M. Potential dental pulp revascularization and odonto-/osteogenic capacity of a novel transplant combined with dental pulp stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:439-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang C, Sun L, Li X, Xie L, Yu M, Feng L, Jiang Z, Guo W, Tian W. The potential of dental stem cells differentiating into neurogenic cell lineage after cultivation in different modes in vitro. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:379-91. [PMID: 25072651 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trauma or degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) cause the loss of neurons or glial cells. Stem cell transplantation has become a vital strategy for CNS regeneration. It is necessary to effectively induce nonneurogenic stem cells to differentiate into neurogenic cell lineages because of the limited source of neurogenic stem cells, relatively difficult cultivation, and ethical issues. Previous studies have found that dental stem cells can be used for transplantation therapy. The aim of this study was to explore a better inductive mode and time point for dental stem cells to differentiate into neural-like cells and evaluate a better candidate cell. In this study, dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), dental papilla stem cells (DPSCs), and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) were cultivated in five different modes. The proliferation ability, morphology, and expression of neural marker genes were analyzed. Results showed that DFSCs showed a higher proliferation potential. The proliferation was decreased after cultivation in chemical inductive medium as cultivation modes 3 and 5. The cells could present neural-like cell morphology after cultivation with human epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-basic (bFGF) as cultivation modes 4 and 5. The vast majority of DFSCs gene expression levels in mode 4 on the third day was upregulated significantly. In conclusion, our data suggested that different dental stem cells exhibited different neural differentiation potentials. DFSCs might be the better candidate cell type. Furthermore, cultivation mode 4 and timing of the third day may promote differentiation into neurogenic cell lineages more effectively before transplantation to treat neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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16
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Shan T, Zhou C, Yang R, Yan F, Zhang P, Fu Y, Jiang H. Lithium chloride promotes the odontoblast differentiation of hair follicle neural crest cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Biol Int 2014; 39:35-43. [PMID: 25044369 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency and partial reprogramming of stem cells. Postnatal neural crest cells (NCCs) can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells due to their multi-potential property, but further endeavors need to be made to promote odontogenic differentiation of hair follicle neural crest cells (hfNCCs). This study investigated whether the Wnt pathway activator lithium chloride (LiCl) promotes odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs. Change of proliferation, β-catenin and pluripotency markers of hfNCCs were examined after treatment with LiCl. An in vitro odontoblast differentiation model of hfNCCs was built using dental cell conditioned media (DC-CM). The effects of LiCl on odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs showed that proliferation and expression of β-catenin in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments were increased in the LiCl-treated hfNCCs, and the pluripotency marks, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and Nanog, were more highly expressed in the LiCl-treated group than in the control group. The odontoblast markers such as DSP, DMP1 and Runx2, could be detected in hfNCCs induced by DC-CM, but in LiCl -treated group all three markers had stronger expression. Expression of β-catenin in the nuclear of LiCl-treated hfNCCs induced by DC-CM was higher than in the other groups. The data indicate that the Wnt pathway activator LiCl can promote proliferation and odontoblast differentiation of hfNCCs, and chemical approaches are of benefit in obtaining more desirable seed cell types for cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Shan
- Institute of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical College, Southeast University, 87 Hunan Road, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Cryopreserved dentin matrix as a scaffold material for dentin-pulp tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4929-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Wang Y, Li J, Song W, Yu J. Mineral trioxide aggregate upregulates odonto/osteogenic capacity of bone marrow stromal cells from craniofacial bones via JNK and ERK MAPK signalling pathways. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:241-8. [PMID: 24635197 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on odonto/osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) from craniofacial bones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Craniofacial BMSCs were isolated from rat mandible and effects of MTA on their proliferation, differentiation and MAPK pathway involvement were subsequently investigated, in vitro. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2,5-tetrazoliumbromide) assay was performed to evaluate proliferation of the MTA-treated cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays were used to assess differentiation capacity as well as MAPK pathway involvement. RESULTS 0.02 mg/ml MTA-treated BMSCs had significantly higher ALP activity and formed more mineralized nodules than the untreated group. Odonto/osteoblastic marker genes/proteins (Alp, Runx2/RUNX2, Osx/OSX, Ocn/OCN and Dspp/DSP respectively) in MTA-treated cells were remarkably upregulated compared to untreated ones. Mechanistically, phosphorylated Jun N-terminal kinase (P-JNK) and phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (P-ERK) in MTA-treated BMSCs increased significantly in a time-dependent manner, while inhibition of JNK and ERK MAPK pathways dramatically blocked MTA-induced odonto/osteoblastic differentiation, as indicated by reduced ALP levels, weakened mineralization capacity and downregulated levels of odonto/osteoblastic marker genes (Alp, Runx2, Osx, Ocn and Dspp). CONCLUSION Mineral trioxide aggregate promoted odonto/osteogenic capacity of craniofacial BMSCs via JNK and ERK MAPK signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Endodontic Department, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215005, China; Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China
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Fournier BPJ, Larjava H, Häkkinen L. Gingiva as a source of stem cells with therapeutic potential. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3157-77. [PMID: 23944935 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal connective tissues contain phenotypically heterogeneous cells populations that include distinct fibroblast subpopulations, pericytes, myofibroblasts, fibrocytes, and tissue-specific mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells play key roles in tissue development, maintenance, and repair and contribute to various pathologies. Depending on the origin of tissue, connective tissue cells, including MSCs, have different phenotypes. Understanding the identity and specific functions of these distinct tissue-specific cell populations may allow researchers to develop better treatment modalities for tissue regeneration and find novel approaches to prevent pathological conditions. Interestingly, MSCs from adult oral mucosal gingiva possess distinct characteristics, including neural crest origin, multipotent differentiation capacity, fetal-like phenotype, and potent immunomodulatory properties. These characteristics and an easy, relatively noninvasive access to gingival tissue, and fast tissue regeneration after tissue biopsy make gingiva an attractive target for cell isolation for therapeutic purposes aiming to promote tissue regeneration and fast, scar-free wound healing. The purpose of this review is to discuss the identity, phenotypical heterogeneity, and function of gingival MSCs and summarize what is currently known about their properties, role in scar-free healing, and their future therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P J Fournier
- 1 Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, Canada
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20
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Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cord tissue into odontoblast-like cells using the conditioned medium of tooth germ cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:218543. [PMID: 23762828 PMCID: PMC3666309 DOI: 10.1155/2013/218543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The easily accessible mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue (hUCMSCs) have excellent proliferation and differentiation potential, but it remains unclear whether hUCMSCs can differentiate into odontoblasts. In this study, mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord tissue using the simple method of tissue blocks culture attachment. UCMSC surface marker expression was then evaluated for the isolated cells using flow cytometry. The third-passage hUCMSCs induced by conditioned medium from developing tooth germ cells (TGC-CM) displayed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels (P < 0.001), an enhanced ability to proliferate (P < 0.05), and the presence of mineralized nodules. These effects were not observed in cells treated with regular medium. After induction of hUCMSCs, the results of reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) indicated that the dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) genes were significantly tested. Additionally, dentin sialoprotein (DSP) and DMP1 demonstrated significant levels of staining in an immunofluorescence analysis. In contrast, the control cells failed to display the characteristics of odontoblasts. Taken together, these results suggest that hUCMSCs can be induced to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells with TGC-CM and provide a novel strategy for tooth regeneration research.
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21
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Lei G, Yu Y, Jiang Y, Wang S, Yan M, Smith AJ, Smith G, Cooper PR, Tang C, Zhang G, Yu J. Differentiation of BMMSCs into odontoblast-like cells induced by natural dentine matrix. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:862-70. [PMID: 23414708 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the odontogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under the morphogenetic influence of dentine matrix as a possible basis for new stem cell-mediated therapeutic approaches to pulp diseases. DESIGN BMMSCs were harvested from the whole bone marrow and cells at passages 3-5 were used for subsequent experiments. For in vitro studies, 1×10(4) cells were seeded on the surface of dentine slabs and co-cultured for 2 weeks in 24-well plates, then fixed, decalcified, embedded in paraffin and serial sections were processed for analyses. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for the morphological analysis of BMMSCs on the dentine slabs. The protein expression of dentine sialoprotein (DSP) in co-cultured BMMSCs was detected by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. For in vivo studies, 5×10(6) cells were collected as cell pellets, seeded onto dentine slices and transplanted into renal capsules for 6 weeks. Histological analyses of harvested tissues were performed as described for the in vitro studies. Total RNA and protein were extracted from harvested tissues and Dspp/DSP expression was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS After 2 weeks of co-culture with dentine slabs, BMMSCs demonstrated good viability in terms of morphological appearance and some showed polarization and extension of their cytoplasmic processes into dentine tubules with DSP expression. In vivo study demonstrated similar morphological changes and DSP expression in cells adjacent to dentine. RT-PCR and Western blot also demonstrated that the expression of Dspp/DSP in the co-cultured BMMSCs groups was higher than in the control groups. CONCLUSION Dentine matrix can signal morphogenic induction of differentiation of BMMSCs into odontoblast-like cells in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lei
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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22
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Characterisation of dental pulp stem cells: A new horizon for tissue regeneration? Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1439-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Peculiarities of using stem cells for regeneration of the bone and cartilage tissue. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:112-9. [PMID: 22803055 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Scientific literature about the use of MSC contains clinical and experimental data on the efficiency of cell technologies for restoration of the osteoarticular apparatus. The use of MSC immobilized in the appropriate carriers and differentiation of these cells towards the bone cells and chondrocytes are of crucial importance. However, the use of MSC, both individual and in combination with other preparations and substances has a number of drawbacks and advantages. The absence of published reports on contraindications and complications of cell therapy is worthy of note, because the analysis of unsuccessful application of MSC will help to determine the indication for this treatment, and hence, to improve the efficiency of cell technologies in the future. Wider use of MSC in clinical practice and experimental studies for acceleration of reparative processes in the bone and cartilage tissue seems to be promising.
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Yang B, Chen G, Li J, Zou Q, Xie D, Chen Y, Wang H, Zheng X, Long J, Tang W, Guo W, Tian W. Tooth root regeneration using dental follicle cell sheets in combination with a dentin matrix - based scaffold. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2449-61. [PMID: 22192537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell mediated tissue engineering has been acknowledged as a prospective strategy for repairing and replacing damaged and lost tissues. However, the low survival rate of implanted stem cells proves to be a major challenge in the management of transplantation failures. While previous studies have indicated the effectiveness of tissue engineered cell sheets in improving the survival rate of implanted cells, we have recently demonstrated the use of treated dentin matrix (TDM) as a biological scaffold and dental follicle cells (DFCs) as the seeding cells for dentinogenesis and tooth root construction. This study proposes a strategy utilizing TDM with human dental follicle cell sheets (DFCSs) for root regeneration. The biological characteristics and changes of human DFCSs under the effect of TDM were studied with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy, immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. DFCSs combined with TDM were implanted subcutaneously into the dorsum of mice. Histological examination of the harvested grafts revealed a whirlpool-like alignment of the DFCs in multiple layers that were positive for COLI, integrinβ1, fibronectin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), suggestive of the formation of a rich extracellular matrix. DFCSs, under the effect of TDM, highly expressed DMP-1 and bone sialoprotein (BSP), indicating their potential for odontogenesis and osteogenesis. Importantly, in vivo, TDM could induce and support DFCSs to develop new dentin-pulp like tissues and cementum-periodontal complexes that were positive for markers such as DSP, nestin and VIII factors, COLI and cementum attachment protein (CAP), implying successful root regeneration. Therefore, DFCSs combined with TDM may prove to be a better strategy for the construction of tooth root, and is a prospective approach that could be utilized for the treatment of root or tooth defect or loss in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Guo W, Chen L, Gong K, Ding B, Duan Y, Jin Y. Heterogeneous dental follicle cells and the regeneration of complex periodontal tissues. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:459-70. [PMID: 21919800 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental follicle cells (DFCs) are a heterogeneous population that exhibit a variety of phenotypes. However, it remains unclear whether DFCs can maintain stem cell characteristics, or mediate tissue-regeneration to form single or complex tissues in the periodontium, after long-term culturing. Therefore, DFCs were isolated from human impacted molars (HIM-DFCs), passaged >30 times, and then evaluated for their heterogeneity and multipotential differentiation. Morphology, proliferation, epitope profile, and mineralization characteristics of clones derived from single HIM-DFCs in vitro were also assayed. HIM-DFCs (passage #30) were found to be positive for the heterogeneous markers, Notch-1, stro-1, alkaline phosphomonoesterase (ALP), type I collagen (COL-I), type III collagen (COL-III), and osteocalcine. Moreover, passage #30 of the HDF1, 2, and 3 subclone classes identified in this study were found to express high levels of the mesenchymal stem cells markers, CD146 and Stro1. HDF3 subclones were also associated with the strongest ALP staining detected, and strongly expressed osteoblast and cementoblast markers, including COL-I, COL-III, bone sialoprotein (BSP), and Runx2. In contrast, HDF1 subclone analyzed strongly expressed COL-I and COL-III, yet weakly expressed BSP and Runx2. The HDF2 subclone was associated with the strongest proliferative capacity. To evaluate differentiation characteristics in vivo, these various cell populations were combined with ceramic bovine bone and implanted into subcutaneous pockets of nude mice. The 30th passage of subclone HDF1 and 3 were observed to contribute to fiber collagens and the mineralized matrix present, respectively, whereas HDF2 subclones were found to have a minimal role in these formations. The formation of a cementum-periodontal ligament (PDL) complex was observed 6 weeks after HIM-DFCs (passage #30) were implanted in vivo, thus suggesting that these cells maintain stem cell characteristics. Therefore, subclone HDF1-3 may be related to the differentiation of fibroblasts in the PDL, undifferentiated cells, and osteoblasts and cementoblasts, respectively. Overall, this study is the first to amplify HIM-DFCs and associated subclones with the goal of reconstructing complex or single periodontium. Moreover, our results demonstrate the potential for this treatment approach to address periodontal defects that result from periodontitis, or for the regeneration of teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Guo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Guo W, Gong K, Shi H, Zhu G, He Y, Ding B, Wen L, Jin Y. Dental follicle cells and treated dentin matrix scaffold for tissue engineering the tooth root. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1291-302. [PMID: 22088889 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering strategies to reconstruct tooth roots are an effective therapy for the treatment of tooth loss. However, strategies to successfully regenerate tooth roots have not been developed and optimized. In the present study, rat dental follicle stem cells (DFCs) were characterized, followed by a thorough investigation of tooth roots regeneration for a combination of DFCs seeding cells, treated dentin matrix (TDM) scaffolds, and an inductive alveolar fossa microenvironment. Eighteen clones derived from single DFCs were harvested; however, only three clones were amplified successfully more than five passages and 90-95 days in culture. Following 270 days or 30 passages, the heterogeneous DFCs showed suitable characteristics for seeding cells to regenerate tooth roots. However, various features, such as variable proliferation rates, differentiation characteristics, apoptosis rates, and total lifespan were observed in DFCs and the three clones. Importantly, upon transplantation of DFCs combined with TDM for four weeks, root-like tissues stained positive for markers of dental pulp and periodontal tissues were regenerated in the alveolar fossa, but not in the skull and omental pockets. These results indicate that tooth roots were successfully regenerated and suggest that the combination of DFCs with TDM in the alveolar fossa is a feasible strategy for tooth roots regeneration. This strategy could be a promising approach for the treatment of clinical tooth loss and provides a perspective with potential applications to regeneration of other tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Guo
- Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Hung CN, Mar K, Chang HC, Chiang YL, Hu HY, Lai CC, Chu RM, Ma CM. A comparison between adipose tissue and dental pulp as sources of MSCs for tooth regeneration. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6995-7005. [PMID: 21696818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, several in vivo and in vitro comparisons were performed to test the possibility of using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), a more convenient cell source than dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), in tooth regeneration. Using an efficient, non-engineering implantation method, we first demonstrated that both implants of ADSCs and DPSCs were able to grow self-assembled new teeth in adult rabbit extraction sockets with high success rate. The stem cells were necessary because the implants grew no tooth without them. A stepwise comparison showed that the regenerated teeth from these two types of adult stem cells were living with nerves and vascular system and remarkably similar to a normal tooth in many details. Further strictly controlled, side-by-side comparisons between the two types of stem cells also showed that the expression patterns of gene markers and the broad differentiation potentials induced by specific methods in vitro were very similar. Although a few differences were found, they did not affect the tested tooth regeneration in vivo or differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, rabbit ADSCs had a higher growth rate and a better senescence resistance in culture. All these findings suggest that ADSCs, one of the richest adult stem cells in mammals, are very similar and useful as DPSCs for regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Nung Hung
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Sun HH, Jin T, Yu Q, Chen FM. Biological approaches toward dental pulp regeneration by tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 5:e1-16. [PMID: 21413154 DOI: 10.1002/term.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Root canal therapy has been the predominant approach in endodontic treatment, wherein the entire pulp is cleaned out and replaced with a gutta-percha filling. However, living pulp is critical for the maintenance of tooth homeostasis and essential for tooth longevity. An ideal form of therapy, therefore, might consist of regenerative approaches in which diseased/necrotic pulp tissues are removed and replaced with regenerated pulp tissues to revitalize the teeth. Dental pulp regeneration presents one of the most challenging issues in regenerative dentistry due to the poor intrinsic ability of pulp tissues for self-healing and regrowth. With the advent of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, biological therapies have paved the way to utilize stem cells, delivered or internally recruited, to generate dental pulp tissues, where growth factors and a series of dentine extracellular matrix molecules are key mediators that regulate the complex cascade of regeneration events to be faithfully fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hua Sun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Huo N, Tang L, Yang Z, Qian H, Wang Y, Han C, Gu Z, Duan Y, Jin Y. Differentiation of dermal multipotent cells into odontogenic lineage induced by embryonic and neonatal tooth germ cell-conditioned medium. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:93-104. [PMID: 19469666 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy represents a novel and more advantageous modality of treatment for tooth defect or loss. However, this strategy is challenged in the circumstances where tooth-derived stem cells are not readily accessible. In present study we sought to explore the possibility of utilizing dermal multipotent cells (DMCs) easily available from skin tissue for odontogenic induction. Using the limiting dilution technique, colony-forming cell population was isolated and characterized by proliferative activity and multilineage differentiation potential. By exposure to conditioned medium of embryonic and neonatal tooth germ cells in culture, the proliferation and mineralization activity of DMCs was elevated, while the embryonic tooth germ cell-conditioned medium (ETGC-CM) produced more significant effects. Meanwhile, ETGC-CM-treated DMCs phenocopied the odontoblasts in vitro as indicated by specific lineage markers. Following in vivo transplantation as cell pellet, ETGC-CM-treated DMCs were capable of producing blocks of mineralized tissues, which resembled those of dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) explants in the same subcutaneous pockets environment. These observations suggest that although more sufficient and continuous inductive microenvironment may be needed for undifferentiated DMCs to perform as odontoblasts, ETGC-CM-treated DMCs indeed acquire properties as those of DPSCs. Our work highlights the potential utility of DMCs as an alternative candidate cell source in hopes of developing more practical strategy of tooth regeneration research and offering promising opportunities for therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Huo
- Department of Orthodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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Guo W, He Y, Zhang X, Lu W, Wang C, Yu H, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhou J, Zhang M, Deng Z, Jin Y. The use of dentin matrix scaffold and dental follicle cells for dentin regeneration. Biomaterials 2009; 30:6708-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 08/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Hashimoto E, Nakakura-Ohshima K, Kenmotsu SI, Suzuki H, Nakasone N, Saito C, Harada H, Ohshima H. The relationship between the cusp pattern and plural stem cell compartments in Guinea pig cheek teeth by chasing BrdU-labeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 71:317-32. [PMID: 19556693 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.71.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Continuously growing rodent incisors have a special epithelial structure for maintaining adult stem cells that shows a bulbous epithelial protrusion at the apical end and is referred to as an "apical bud". Guinea pig cheek teeth (premolars and molars), also continuously growing teeth, have a complex crown shape consisting of plural cusps. The present study clarifies the existence of apical buds in guinea pig premolars/molars as it examines the relationship between the crown shape and the orientation of the apical buds by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU). One premolar and three molar teeth in each side of the maxillae and mandibles assumed characteristic features: each horizontally-sectioned tooth showing a complex zigzag shape was composed of a core of dentin covered by a layer of enamel on all axial surfaces except the buccal of the uppers and the lingual of the lowers. Furthermore, four bulbous epithelial protrusions--including the stellate reticulum--were recognized in the apical end of each tooth, where slow-cycling long-term label-retaining cells resided 20 days after a peritoneal injection of BrdU. These data indicate that guinea pig premolars/molars have four apical buds where the epithelial adult stem cells reside. In contrast, rodent incisors, which show a single cone appearance, are covered by enamel on the labial side and possess only one apical bud. The results of this study suggest that plural apical buds, being arranged bucco-lingually and mesio-distally, produce the crown mold in a zigzag fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Hashimoto
- Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, and Pediatric Dentistry, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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