1
|
Suldina LA, Sorokina AE, Morozova KN. Ultrastructural heterogeneity of the mitochondrial population in rat embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2238-2250. [PMID: 34288224 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Even though rats are popular model animals, the ultrastructure of their pluripotent cells, that is, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), remains unexplored, although fine structure of pluripotent stem cells of mice and humans and its changes during differentiation have been investigated well. In the present study, we carried out ultrastructural and morphometric analyses of three lines of rat ESCs and two lines of rat iPSCs. The rat pluripotent stem cells were found to have the main typical morphological features of pluripotent cells: large nuclei of irregular or nearly round shape, scanty cytoplasm with few membrane organelles, and a poorly developed Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. The cytoplasm of the rat pluripotent cells contains clusters of glycogen, previously described in human ESCs. To identify possible differences between rat ESCs and iPSCs, we performed a morphometric analysis of cell parameters. The mean area of cells and nuclei, the nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, distributions of glycogen and diversity of mitochondria showed marked variations among the lines of rat pluripotent stem cells and were more pronounced than variations between rat ESCs and iPSCs as separate types of pluripotent stem cells. We noted morphological heterogeneity of the mitochondrial population in the rat pluripotent stem cells. The cells contained three types of mitochondria differing in the structure of cristae and in matrix density, and our morphometric analysis revealed differences in cristae structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyubov A Suldina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cell Biology, and Bioinformatics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E Sorokina
- Department of Natural Sciences, Specialized Educational Scientific Center of Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ksenia N Morozova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cell Biology, and Bioinformatics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Department of Сytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wright A, Snyder L, Knights K, He H, Springer NL, Lillich J, Weiss ML. A Protocol for the Isolation, Culture, and Cryopreservation of Umbilical Cord-Derived Canine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Role of Cell Attachment in Long-Term Maintenance. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:695-713. [PMID: 32148170 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine due to their ability to create a variable localized anti-inflammatory effect in injuries such as Crohn's disease and osteoarthritis or by incorporation in tissue engineered constructs. Currently, the MSC literature uses rodents for preclinical disease models. There is growing interest in using naturally occurring disease in large animals for modeling human disease. By review of the canine MSCs literature, it appears that canine MSCs can be difficult to maintain in culture for extended passages and this greatly varies between tissue sources, compared with human and rodent MSCs, and limited lifespan is an obstacle for preclinical investigation and therapeutic use. Research using canine MSCs has been focused on cells derived from bone marrow or adipose tissue, and the differences in manufacturing MSCs between laboratories are problematic due to lack of standardization. To address these issues, here, a stepwise process was used to optimize canine MSCs isolation, expansion, and cryopreservation utilizing canine umbilical cord-derived MSCs. The culture protocol utilizes coating of tissue culture surfaces that increases cellular adherence, increases colony-forming units-fibroblast efficiency, and decreases population doubling times. Canine MSCs isolated with our protocol could be maintained longer than published canine MSCs methods before senescing. Our improved cryopreservation protocols produce on average >90% viable MSCs at thaw. These methods enable master-bank and working-bank scenarios for allogeneic MSC testing in naturally occurring disease in dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Larry Snyder
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kaori Knights
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Hong He
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Nora L Springer
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - James Lillich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology and Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.,The Midwest Institute of Comparative Stem Cell Biology, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vaskova EA, Medvedev SP, Sorokina AE, Nemudryy AA, Elisaphenko EA, Zakharova IS, Shevchenko AI, Kizilova EA, Zhelezova AI, Evshin IS, Sharipov RN, Minina JM, Zhdanova NS, Khegay II, Kolpakov FA, Sukhikh GT, Pokushalov EA, Karaskov AM, Vlasov VV, Ivanova LN, Zakian SM. Transcriptome Characteristics and X-Chromosome Inactivation Status in Cultured Rat Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2912-24. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A. Vaskova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Medvedev
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiya E. Sorokina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Artem A. Nemudryy
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy A. Elisaphenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina S. Zakharova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Shevchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A. Kizilova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Antonina I. Zhelezova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ivan S. Evshin
- Institute of Systems Biology, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Design Technological Institute of Digital Techniques, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan N. Sharipov
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Systems Biology, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Design Technological Institute of Digital Techniques, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia M. Minina
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia S. Zhdanova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor I. Khegay
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Institute of Systems Biology, Ltd., Novosibirsk, Russia
- Design Technological Institute of Digital Techniques, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Gennadiy T. Sukhikh
- Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy A. Pokushalov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Karaskov
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentin V. Vlasov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Ivanova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suren M. Zakian
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heightened potency of human pluripotent stem cell lines created by transient BMP4 exposure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2337-46. [PMID: 25870291 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504778112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) show epiblast-type pluripotency that is maintained with ACTIVIN/FGF2 signaling. Here, we report the acquisition of a unique stem cell phenotype by both human ES cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in response to transient (24-36 h) exposure to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) plus inhibitors of ACTIVIN signaling (A83-01) and FGF2 (PD173074), followed by trypsin dissociation and recovery of colonies capable of growing on a gelatin substratum in standard medium for human PSCs at low but not high FGF2 concentrations. The self-renewing cell lines stain weakly for CDX2 and strongly for NANOG, can be propagated clonally on either Matrigel or gelatin, and are morphologically distinct from human PSC progenitors on either substratum but still meet standard in vitro criteria for pluripotency. They form well-differentiated teratomas in immune-compromised mice that secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into the host mouse and include small areas of trophoblast-like cells. The cells have a distinct transcriptome profile from the human PSCs from which they were derived (including higher expression of NANOG, LEFTY1, and LEFTY2). In nonconditioned medium lacking FGF2, the colonies spontaneously differentiated along multiple lineages, including trophoblast. They responded to PD173074 in the absence of both FGF2 and BMP4 by conversion to trophoblast, and especially syncytiotrophoblast, whereas an A83-01/PD173074 combination favored increased expression of HLA-G, a marker of extravillous trophoblast. Together, these data suggest that the cell lines exhibit totipotent potential and that BMP4 can prime human PSCs to a self-renewing alternative state permissive for trophoblast development. The results may have implications for regulation of lineage decisions in the early embryo.
Collapse
|
7
|
Rajendran G, Dutta D, Hong J, Paul A, Saha B, Mahato B, Ray S, Home P, Ganguly A, Weiss ML, Paul S. Inhibition of protein kinase C signaling maintains rat embryonic stem cell pluripotency. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:24351-62. [PMID: 23846691 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.455725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency is orchestrated by distinct signaling pathways that are often targeted to maintain ESC self-renewal or their differentiation to other lineages. We showed earlier that inhibition of PKC signaling maintains pluripotency in mouse ESCs. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the importance of protein kinase C signaling in the context of rat ESC (rESC) pluripotency. Here we show that inhibition of PKC signaling is an efficient strategy to establish and maintain pluripotent rESCs and to facilitate reprogramming of rat embryonic fibroblasts to rat induced pluripotent stem cells. The complete developmental potential of rESCs was confirmed with viable chimeras and germ line transmission. Our molecular analyses indicated that inhibition of a PKCζ-NF-κB-microRNA-21/microRNA-29 regulatory axis contributes to the maintenance of rESC self-renewal. In addition, PKC inhibition maintains ESC-specific epigenetic modifications at the chromatin domains of pluripotency genes and, thereby, maintains their expression. Our results indicate a conserved function of PKC signaling in balancing self-renewal versus differentiation of both mouse and rat ESCs and indicate that targeting PKC signaling might be an efficient strategy to establish ESCs from other mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshkumar Rajendran
- Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|