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Hernández-Galdámez HV, Fattel-Fazenda S, Flores-Téllez TNJ, Aguilar-Chaparro MA, Mendoza-García J, Díaz-Fernández LC, Romo-Medina E, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Arellanes-Robledo J, De la Garza M, Villa-Treviño S, Piña-Vázquez C. Iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin: a promising chemopreventive agent for hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Funct 2024; 15:4586-4602. [PMID: 38590223 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05184f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a tumor with minimal chance of cure due to underlying liver diseases, late diagnosis, and inefficient treatments. Thus, HCC treatment warrants the development of additional strategies. Lactoferrin (Lf) is a mammalian multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein of the innate immune response and can be found as either a native low iron form (native-Lf) or a high iron form (holo-Lf). Bovine Lf (bLf), which shares many functions with human Lf (hLf), is safe for humans and has several anticancer activities, including chemotherapy boost in cancer. We found endogenous hLf is downregulated in HCC tumors compared with normal liver, and decreased hLf levels in HCC tumors are associated with shorter survival of HCC patients. However, the chemoprotective effect of 100% iron saturated holo-bLf on experimental hepatocarcinogenesis has not yet been determined. We aimed to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of holo-bLf in different HCC models. Remarkably, a single dose (200 mg kg-1) of holo-bLf was effective in preventing early carcinogenic events in a diethylnitrosamine induced HCC in vivo model, such as necrosis, ROS production, and the surge of facultative liver stem cells, and eventually, holo-bLf reduced the number of preneoplastic lesions. For an established HCC model, holo-bLf treatment significantly reduced HepG2 tumor burden in xenotransplanted mice. Finally, holo-bLf in combination with sorafenib, the advanced HCC first-line treatment, synergistically decreased HepG2 viability by arresting cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our findings provide the first evidence suggesting that holo-bLf has the potential to prevent HCC or to be used in combination with treatments for established HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samia Fattel-Fazenda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Teresita N J Flores-Téllez
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, SK10 4TG Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Mendoza-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Lidia C Díaz-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Eunice Romo-Medina
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Subdirección de Investigación Básica, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Hepáticas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México. Dirección de Cátedras, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mireya De la Garza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN), CDMX, Mexico.
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Yang D, Hu Y, Yang J, Tao L, Su Y, Wu Y, Yao Y, Wang S, Ye S, Xu T. Research Progress on the Correlation between Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:163-173. [PMID: 38453527 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant pathologic type of primary liver cancer. It is a malignant tumor of liver epithelial cells. There are many ways to treat HCC, but the survival rate for HCC patients remains low. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms by which HCC occurs and develops is critical to explore new therapeutic targets. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is an important player in the redox reaction of ethanol with endogenous aldehyde products released by lipid peroxidation. Increasing evidence suggests that ALDH2 is a crucial regulator of human tumor development, including HCC. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between ALDH2 and HCC is helpful for formulating rational treatment strategies. This review highlights the regulatory roles of ALDH2 in the development of HCC, elucidates the multiple potential mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates the development of HCC, and summarizes the progress of research on ALDH2 gene polymorphisms and HCC susceptibility. Meanwhile, we envision viable strategies for targeting ALDH2 in the treatment of HCC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Numerous studies have aimed to explore novel therapeutic targets for HCC, and ALDH2 has been reported to be a critical regulator of HCC progression. This review discusses the functions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical significance of ALDH2 in the development of HCC and examines the prospects of ALDH2-based therapy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuai Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Junfa Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Liangsong Tao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Yue Su
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Yincui Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Sheng Ye
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (D.Y., L.T., Y.W., Y.Y., S.W., T.X.); State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China (Y.H.); Department of Pediatric orthopedics, Anhui Children's Hospital, Hefei, China (J.Y.); Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China (Y.S.); and School of Materials and Chemistry and School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China (S.Y.)
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Liu Q, Guo Z, Li G, Zhang Y, Liu X, Li B, Wang J, Li X. Cancer stem cells and their niche in cancer progression and therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:305. [PMID: 38041196 PMCID: PMC10693166 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High recurrence and metastasis rates and poor prognoses are the major challenges of current cancer therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in cancer development, chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence, and metastasis. Therefore, targeted CSC therapy has become a new strategy for solving the problems of cancer metastasis and recurrence. Since the properties of CSCs are regulated by the specific tumour microenvironment, the so-called CSC niche, which targets crosstalk between CSCs and their niches, is vital in our pursuit of new therapeutic opportunities to prevent cancer from recurring. In this review, we aim to highlight the factors within the CSC niche that have important roles in regulating CSC properties, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal cells (e.g., associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)), and physiological changes (e.g., inflammation, hypoxia, and angiogenesis). We also discuss recent progress regarding therapies targeting CSCs and their niche to elucidate developments of more effective therapeutic strategies to eliminate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Zongliang Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030013, Shanxi, China
| | - Guoyin Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Bing Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, Henan, China
| | - Jinping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of blood transfusion, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
- Department of central laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, Shanxi, China.
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4
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Liang L, Zhang LY, Liu WT, Zong C, Gao L, Li R, Zhao QD, Zhao NP, Wei LX, Zhang L, Han ZP. Babao Dan decreases hepatocarcinogenesis by inhibiting hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via down-regulating toll-like receptor 4. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1073859. [PMID: 37251918 PMCID: PMC10213212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1073859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Babao Dan (BBD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used as a complementary and alternative medicine to treat chronic liver diseases. In this study, we aimed to observe the effect of BBD on the incidence of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-initiated hepatocellular carcinoma formation in rats and explored its possible mechanism. Methods To verify this hypothesis, BBD was administrated to rats at a dose of 0.5g/kg body weight per two days from the 9th to 12th week in HCC-induced by DEN. Liver injury biomarkers and hepatic inflammatory parameters were evaluated by histopathology as well as serum and hepatic content analysis. We applied immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the expression of CK-19 and SOX-9 in liver tissues. The expression of TLR4 was determined by immunohistochemical, RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. Furthermore, we also detected the efficacy of BBD against primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by LPS. Results We observed that DEN could induce hepatocarcinogenesis, and BBD could obviously decrease the incidence. The biochemical and histopathological examination results confirmed that BBD could protect against liver injury and decrease inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that BBD could effectively inhibit the ductal reaction and the expression of TLR4. The results showed that BBD-serumcould obviously inhibit primary HPCs neoplastic transformation induced by regulating the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusion In summary, our results indicate that BBD has potential applications in the prevention and treatment of HCC, which may be related to its effect on hepatic progenitor cells malignant transformation via inhibiting the TLR4/Ras/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liang
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Minimal Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu-Yao Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Li
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Dong Zhao
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Ping Zhao
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xin Wei
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Han
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Gourmet LE, Walker-Samuel S. The role of physics in multiomics and cancer evolution. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1068053. [PMID: 37007140 PMCID: PMC10063960 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1068053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between the physical environment and phenotype of a tumour, and genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and epigenomics, are increasingly known to have a significant influence on cancer development, progression and evolution. For example, mechanical stress can alter both genome maintenance and histone modifications, which consequently affect transcription and the epigenome. Increased stiffness has been linked to genetic heterogeneity and is responsible for heterochromatin accumulations. Stiffness thereby leads to deregulation in gene expression, disrupts the proteome and can impact angiogenesis. Several studies have shown how the physics of cancer can influence diverse cancer hallmarks such as resistance to cell death, angiogenesis and evasion from immune destruction. In this review, we will explain the role that physics of cancer plays in cancer evolution and explore how multiomics are being used to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E. Gourmet
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Walker-Samuel
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Computational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Jeng KS, Chang CF, Sheen IS, Jeng CJ, Wang CH. Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer Stem Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1417. [PMID: 36674932 PMCID: PMC9861908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death globally. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) of HCC are responsible for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, recurrence, chemoresistance, target therapy resistance and radioresistance. The reported main surface markers used to identify liver CSCs include epithelial cell adhesion/activating molecule (EpCAM), cluster differentiation 90 (CD90), CD44 and CD133. The main molecular signaling pathways include the Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factors-β (TGF-β), sonic hedgehog (SHH), PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Notch. Patients with EpCAM-positive alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-positive HCC are usually young but have advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages. CD90-positive HCCs are usually poorly differentiated with worse prognosis. Those with CD44-positive HCC cells develop early metastases. Those with CD133 expression have a higher recurrence rate and a shorter overall survival. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway triggers angiogenesis, tumor infiltration and metastasis through the enhancement of angiogenic factors. All CD133+ liver CSCs, CD133+/EpCAM+ liver CSCs and CD44+ liver CSCs contribute to sorafenib resistance. SHH signaling could protect HCC cells against ionizing radiation in an autocrine manner. Reducing the CSC population of HCC is crucial for the improvement of the therapy of advanced HCC. However, targeting CSCs of HCC is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shyang Jeng
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Fang Chang
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
| | - I-Shyang Sheen
- Department of Hepato Gastroenterology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Juei Jeng
- Postgraduate of Institute of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan
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Makino Y, Hikita H, Fukumoto K, Sung JH, Sakano Y, Murai K, Sakane S, Kodama T, Sakamori R, Kondo J, Kobayashi S, Tatsumi T, Takehara T. Constitutive Activation of the Tumor Suppressor p53 in Hepatocytes Paradoxically Promotes Non-Cell Autonomous Liver Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2860-2873. [PMID: 35696550 PMCID: PMC9379366 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In chronic liver diseases (CLD), p53 is constitutively activated in hepatocytes due to various etiologies as viral infection, ethanol exposure, or lipid accumulation. This study was aimed to clarify the significance of p53 activation on the pathophysiology of CLDs. In Kras-mutant liver cancer model, murine double minute 2 (Mdm2), a negative regulator of p53, was specifically deleted in hepatocytes [Alb-Cre KrasLSL-G12D Mdm2fl/fl (LiKM; KrasG12D mutation and Mdm2 loss in the liver)]. Accumulation of p53 and upregulation of its downstream genes were observed in hepatocytes in LiKM mice. LiKM mice showed liver inflammation accompanied by hepatocyte apoptosis, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the emergence of hepatic progenitor cells (HPC). More importantly, Mdm2 deletion promoted non-cell autonomous development of liver tumors. Organoids generated from HPCs harbored tumor-formation ability when subcutaneously inoculated into NOD/Shi-scid/IL2Rγ (null) mice. Treatment with acyclic retinoid suppressed growth of HPCs in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in LiKM mice. All of the phenotypes in LiKM mice, including accelerated liver tumorigenesis, were negated by further deletion of p53 in hepatocytes (Alb-Cre KrasLSL-G12D Mdm2fl/fl p53fl/fl). Activation of hepatic p53 was noted in liver biopsy samples obtained from 182 patients with CLD, in comparison with 23 normal liver samples without background liver diseases. In patients with CLD, activity of hepatic p53 was positively correlated with the expression of apoptosis, SASP, HPC-associated genes and tumor incidence in the liver after biopsy. In conclusion, activation of hepatocyte p53 creates a microenvironment prone to tumor formation from HPCs. Optimization of p53 activity in hepatocytes is important to prevent patients with CLD from hepatocarcinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE This study reveals that activation of p53 in hepatocytes promotes liver carcinogenesis derived from HPCs, which elucidates a paradoxical aspect of a tumor suppressor p53 and novel mechanism of liver carcinogenesis. See related commentary by Barton and Lozano, p. 2824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hayato Hikita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ji Hyun Sung
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Murai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sadatsugu Sakane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tatsumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Tetsuo Takehara, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 816-6879-3621; Fax: 816-6879-3629; E-mail:
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8
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Zarębska I, Gzil A, Durślewicz J, Jaworski D, Antosik P, Ahmadi N, Smolińska-Świtała M, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. The clinical, prognostic and therapeutic significance of liver cancer stem cells and their markers. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2021; 45:101664. [PMID: 33667731 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of death among cancers. The poor prognosis of HCC might be caused by a population of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSC have similar characteristics to normal stem cells and are responsible for cancer recurrence, chemoresistance, radioresistance and metastasis. Liver cancer stem cells (LCSC) are identified via specific surface markers, such as CD44, CD90, CD133, and EpCAM (CD326). Recent studies suggested a complex interaction between mentioned LCSC markers and clinical features of HCC. A high expression of CSC is correlated with a negative prognostic factor after surgical resection of HCC and is connected with more aggressive tumor behavior. Moreover, LCSC might be responsible for increasing resistance to sorafenib, a kinase inhibitor drug. A reduction in the LCSC population may be crucial to successful advanced HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zarębska
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Gzil
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Justyna Durślewicz
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Damian Jaworski
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Navid Ahmadi
- Chair and Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Marta Smolińska-Świtała
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Sklodowskiej-Curie Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Pathomorphology, Military Clinical Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Center, Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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9
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Ge JY, Zheng YW, Tsuchida T, Furuya K, Isoda H, Taniguchi H, Ohkohchi N, Oda T. Hepatic stellate cells contribute to liver regeneration through galectins in hepatic stem cell niche. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:425. [PMID: 32993816 PMCID: PMC7526193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01942-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a critical cellular component in the hepatic stem cell niche, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play critical roles in regulating the expansion of hepatic stem cells, liver regeneration, and fibrogenesis. However, the signaling of HSCs, particularly that involved in promoting hepatic stem cell expansion, remains unclear. While the overexpression of galectins has been identified in regenerating liver tissues, their involvement in cell-cell interactions between HSCs and hepatic stem cells remains to be elucidated. METHODS To generate a liver regeneration rat model and establish a hepatic oval cell microenvironment as a stem cell niche, 2-acetylaminofluorene treatment plus partial hepatectomy was performed. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to detect the emergence of hepatic stem cells and their niche. Liver parenchymal cells, non-parenchymal cells, and HSCs were isolated for gene and protein expression analysis by qPCR or western blotting. To evaluate the effect of galectins on the colony-forming efficiency of hepatic stem cells, c-Kit-CD29+CD49f+/lowCD45-Ter-119- cells were cultured with recombinant galectin protein, galectin antibody, galectin-producing HSCs, and galectin-knockdown HSCs. RESULTS Following liver injury, the cytokeratin 19+ ductal cells were robustly induced together with the emergence of OV6+CD44+CD133+EpCAM+ hepatic stem cells. The activated desmin+ HSCs were recruited around the periportal area and markedly enriched in the galectin-positive domain compared to the other non-parenchymal cells. Notably, the HSC fraction isolated from regenerating liver was accompanied by dramatically elevated gene and protein expression of galectins. Hepatic stem cells co-cultured with HSCs significantly enhanced colony-forming efficiency. Conversely, single or double knockdown of galectin-1 and galectin-3 led into a significant function loss, impaired the co-cultured hepatic stem cells to attenuated colony size, inhibited colony frequency, and reduced total cell numbers in colonies. On the other hand, the promotive function of galectins was further confirmed by recombinant galectin protein supplementation and galectins blocking antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that galectins from activated HSCs contribute to hepatic stem cell expansion during liver regeneration, suggesting that galectins serve as important stem cell niche components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yun Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan. .,Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,School of Biotechnology and Heath Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kinji Furuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Ohkohchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
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10
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Abdou AG, Holah NS, Elazab DS, El-Gendy WG, Badr MT, Al-Sharaky DR. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Score and Subclassification Into Aggressive Subtypes Using Immunohistochemical Expression of p53, β-Catenin, CD133, and Ki-67. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 29:20-33. [PMID: 32287076 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy in adults. Several studies have classified HCC into molecular subtypes aiming at detecting aggressive subtypes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of p53, β-catenin, CD133, and Ki-67 in subclassification of HCC into different aggressive subtypes and the correlation between those markers and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC patients. This retrospective study was conducted on paraffin-embedded blocks of 114 HCC specimens. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunostaining for p53, β-catenin, CD133, and Ki-67 was performed and HCC score was formulated. P53 expression was associated with old age (P=0.028), large tumor size (P=0.019), poorly differentiated HCC (P=0.012), hepatitis B virus (HBV) positivity (P=0.032), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) negativity (P =0.046). β-catenin expression was associated with small sized tumors (P=0.005), HBV negativity (P=0.027), early-staged tumors (P=0.029), and prolonged recurrence-free survival (P=0.045). High percentage of CD133 expression was associated with old patients (P=0.035) and HBV positivity (P= 0.045). Ki-67 expression was associated with large tumor size (P= 0.049), vascular invasion (P= 0.05), old age (P=0.035), and previous treatment of HCV by direct acting antiviral agents (P=0.005). Cases with high HCC score showed significant association with old patients (P=0.002), previous treatment of HCV by direct acting antiviral agents (P<0.001), large tumor size (P<0.001), and poorly differentiated tumors (P= 0.009). The proposed HCC score can divide HCC patients into subtypes necessitating tailoring of treatment strategy according to this proposed score to target and optimally treat the aggressive subtypes. This score needs to be further validated on large number of patients with longer follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dina S Elazab
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Walaa G El-Gendy
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed T Badr
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
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11
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Hung MH, Wang XW. Molecular Alterations and Heterogeneity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. MOLECULAR AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21540-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Wang K, Sun D. Cancer stem cells of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23306-23314. [PMID: 29796190 PMCID: PMC5955417 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor arising from hepatocytes. The hepatocellular carcinoma is dictated by a subset of cells with stem cell-like features. These cells are apoptosis-resistant and have particular biomarkers, which serve as seeds in different stages of tumorigenesis including initiation, progression, metastasis, and relapse of hepatocellular carcinoma. Signaling pathways of cancer stem cells are novel targets for the radical intervention of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Wang
- Institute of Cell Biotechnology, China and Russia Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Harbin, China.,Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology (23618504), National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, Harbin, China.,Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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13
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Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MYCN-positive liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4969-4974. [PMID: 29686061 PMCID: PMC5949003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802279115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer, partly because of its high rate of recurrence, which is caused by the presence of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, using a selective chemopreventive agent, acyclic retinoid (ACR), as a bioprobe, we identified MYCN, which is mostly recognized as an oncogene in neuroblastoma, as a therapeutic target of ACR for HCC through a selective deletion of MYCN+ liver CSCs. We also demonstrated that the expression of MYCN in HCC served as a prognostic biomarker and positively correlated with recurrence of de novo HCC after curative treatment. Our study highlighted MYCN as a biomarker and therapeutic target in drug discovery for screening chemopreventive agents against the recurrence of HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer that has a high rate of recurrence, in part because of cancer stem cell (CSC)-dependent field cancerization. Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is a synthetic vitamin A-like compound capable of preventing the recurrence of HCC. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome screen and showed that ACR selectively suppressed the expression of MYCN, a member of the MYC family of basic helix–loop–helix–zipper transcription factors, in HCC cell cultures, animal models, and liver biopsies obtained from HCC patients. MYCN expression in human HCC was correlated positively with both CSC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling markers but negatively with mature hepatocyte markers. Functional analysis showed repressed cell-cycle progression, proliferation, and colony formation, activated caspase-8, and induced cell death in HCC cells following silencing of MYCN expression. High-content single-cell imaging analysis and flow cytometric analysis identified a MYCN+ CSC subpopulation in the heterogeneous HCC cell cultures and showed that these cells were selectively killed by ACR. Particularly, EpCAM+ cells isolated using a cell-sorting system showed increased MYCN expression and sensitivity to ACR compared with EpCAM− cells. In a long-term (>10 y) follow-up study of 102 patients with HCC, MYCN was expressed at higher levels in the HCC tumor region than in nontumor regions, and there was a positive correlation between MYCN expression and recurrence of de novo HCC but not metastatic HCC after curative treatment. In summary, these results suggest that MYCN serves as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of ACR for liver CSCs in de novo HCC.
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14
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Zhong L, Kong JN, Dinkins MB, Leanhart S, Zhu Z, Spassieva SD, Qin H, Lin HP, Elsherbini A, Wang R, Jiang X, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Wang G, Bieberich E. Increased liver tumor formation in neutral sphingomyelinase-2-deficient mice. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:795-804. [PMID: 29567647 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m080879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are key signaling lipids in cancer. Genome-wide studies have identified neutral SMase-2 (nSMase2), an enzyme generating ceramide from SM, as a potential repressor for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, little is known about the sphingolipids regulated by nSMase2 and their roles in liver tumor development. We discovered growth of spontaneous liver tumors in 27.3% (9 of 33) of aged male nSMase2-deficient (fro/fro) mice. Lipidomics analysis showed a marked increase of SM in the tumor. Unexpectedly, tumor tissues presented with more than a 7-fold increase of C16-ceramide, concurrent with upregulation of ceramide synthase 5. The fro/fro liver tumor, but not adjacent tissue, exhibited substantial accumulation of lipid droplets, suggesting that nSMase2 deficiency is associated with tumor growth and increased neutral lipid generation in the tumor. Tumor tissue expressed significantly increased levels of CD133 and EpCAM mRNA, two markers of liver cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and higher levels of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, an essential regulator of stemness. CD133(+) cells showed strong labeling for SM and ceramide. In conclusion, these results suggest that SMase-2 deficiency plays a role in the survival or proliferation of CSCs, leading to spontaneous tumors, which is associated with tumor-specific effects on lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Zhong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Department of Bioinformatics, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Na Kong
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael B Dinkins
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Silvia Leanhart
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
| | - Zhihui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Stefka D Spassieva
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Hsuan-Pei Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY.,Rehabilitation Center, ShengJing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Guanghu Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY .,Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA
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15
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Flores-Téllez TNJ, Villa-Treviño S, Piña-Vázquez C. Road to stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:6750-6776. [PMID: 29085221 PMCID: PMC5645611 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic process has been proposed to relay on the capacity to induce local tissue damage and proliferative repair. Liver has a great regeneration capacity and currently, most studies point towards the dominant role of hepatocytes in regeneration at all levels of liver damage. The most frequent liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Historical findings originally led to the idea that the cell of origin of HCC might be a progenitor cell. However, current linage tracing studies put the progenitor hypothesis of HCC origin into question. In agreement with their dominant role in liver regeneration, mature hepatocytes are emerging as the cell of origin of HCC, although, the specific hepatocyte subpopulation of origin is yet to be determined. The relationship between the cancer cell of origin (CCO) and cancer-propagating cells, known as hepatic cancer stem cell (HCSC) is unknown. It has been challenging to identify the definitive phenotypic marker of HCSC, probably due to the existence of different cancer stem cells (CSC) subpopulations with different functions within HCC. There is a dynamic interconversion among different CSCs, and between CSC and non-CSCs. Because of that, CSC-state is currently defined as a description of a highly adaptable and dynamic intrinsic property of tumor cells, instead of a static subpopulation of a tumor. Altered conditions could trigger the gain of stemness, some of them include: EMT-MET, epigenetics, microenvironment and selective stimulus such as chemotherapy. This CSC heterogeneity and dynamism makes them out reach from therapeutic protocols directed to a single target. A further avenue of research in this line will be to uncover mechanisms that trigger this interconversion of cell populations within tumors and target it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresita NJ Flores-Téllez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carolina Piña-Vázquez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Av. IPN No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco CP 07360, Ciudad de México, México
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16
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Xu G, Ye J, Liu XJ, Zhang NP, Zhao YM, Fan J, Liu XP, Wu J. Activation of pluripotent genes in hepatic progenitor cells in the transition of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to pre-malignant lesions. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1201-1217. [PMID: 28869588 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is considered as a precancerous condition. However, hepatic carcinogenesis from NASH is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the activation of pluripotent genes (c-Myc, Oct-4, KLF-4, and Nanog) and morphogenic gene (Gli-1) in hepatic progenitor cells from patient specimens and in an animal model to determine the possibility of normal stem/progenitor cells becoming the origin of NASH-HCC. In this study, expression of pluripotent and morphogenic genes in human NASH-HCC tissues was significantly upregulated compared to adjacent non-tumor liver tissues. After feeding high-fat/calorie diet plus high fructose/glucose in drinking water (HFC diet plus HF/G) for up to 12 months, mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis with significant necroptotic inflammation and fibrotic progression, as well as occurrence of hyperplastic nodules with dysplasia; and this model represents pathohistologically as a transition from NASH to NASH-HCC in a pre-carcinomatous stage. High expression of pluripotent and morphogenic genes was immunohistochemically visualized in the dysplasia areas of mouse liver, where there were many OV-6-positive cells, indicating proliferation of HOCs in NASH with fibrotic progression. Moreover, oncogenic transcription factors (c-Myc, KLF-4, and Nanog) were co-localized in these hepatic progenitor cells. In conclusion, pluripotent and morphogenic genes may contribute to the reprogramming of hepatic progenitor cells in driving these cells to be the origin of NASH-HCC in a steatotic and inflamed microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Institute of Liver Cancer, Fudan University-Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Institute of Liver Cancer, Fudan University-Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Castelli G, Pelosi E, Testa U. Liver Cancer: Molecular Characterization, Clonal Evolution and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9090127. [PMID: 28930164 PMCID: PMC5615342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death. The major forms of primary liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Both these tumors develop against a background of cirrhotic liver, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic liver damage and fibrosis. HCC is a heterogeneous disease which usually develops within liver cirrhosis related to various etiologies: hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (frequent in Asia and Africa), hepatitis C virus (HCV), chronic alcohol abuse, or metabolic syndrome (frequent in Western countries). In cirrhosis, hepatocarcinogenesis is a multi-step process where pre-cancerous dysplastic macronodules transform progressively into HCC. The patterns of genomic alterations observed in these tumors were recently identified and were instrumental for the identification of potential targeted therapies that could improve patient care. Liver cancer stem cells are a small subset of undifferentiated liver tumor cells, responsible for cancer initiation, metastasis, relapse and chemoresistance, enriched and isolated according to immunophenotypic and functional properties: cell surface proteins (CD133, CD90, CD44, EpCAM, OV-6, CD13, CD24, DLK1, α2δ1, ICAM-1 and CD47); the functional markers corresponding to side population, high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and autofluorescence. The identification and definition of liver cancer stem cells requires both immunophenotypic and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germana Castelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
| | - Ugo Testa
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome 00141, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Only a small proportion of patients benefit from curative treatment and the prognosis is very poor for the majority of cases due to late presentation, resistance to chemotherapy and high recurrence rate. In recent years, progress in stem cell biology allowed us to explain that hierarchically organized cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive histological and functional heterogeneity of hematological malignancies and solid tumors. METHODS AND RESULTS Also referred to as tumor-initiating cells, CSCs have been isolated from both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and primary tumors by using hepatic progenitor markers. Although there is still no consensus on cancer stem cell phenotype in HCC, single or combined use of CSC markers defines a minor population of tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewing and the ability to recapitulate the original tumor heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This review focuses on the biological features of CSCs and their potential as diagnostic/prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Yagci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Cayirova, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Metin Cetin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Cayirova, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Pelin Balcik Ercin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Cayirova, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Wolf B, Krieg K, Falk C, Breuhahn K, Keppeler H, Biedermann T, Schmid E, Warmann S, Fuchs J, Vetter S, Thiele D, Nieser M, Avci-Adali M, Skokowa Y, Schöls L, Hauser S, Ringelhan M, Yevsa T, Heikenwalder M, Kossatz-Boehlert U. Inducing Differentiation of Premalignant Hepatic Cells as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Hepatocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5550-61. [PMID: 27488521 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and is reported to be resistant to chemotherapy caused by tumor-initiating cells. These tumor-initiating cells express stem cell markers. An accumulation of tumor-initiating cells can be found in 2% to 50% of all HCC and is correlated with a poor prognosis. Mechanisms that mediate chemoresistance include drug export, increased metabolism, and quiescence. Importantly, the mechanisms that regulate quiescence in tumor-initiating cells have not been analyzed in detail so far. In this research we have developed a single cell tracking method to follow up the fate of tumor-initiating cells during chemotherapy. Thereby, we were able to demonstrate that mCXCL1 exerts cellular state-specific effects regulating the resistance to chemotherapeutics. mCXCL1 is the mouse homolog of the human IL8, a chemokine that correlates with poor prognosis in HCC patients. We found that mCXCL1 blocks differentiation of premalignant cells and activates quiescence in tumor-initiating cells. This process depends on the activation of the mTORC1 kinase. Blocking of the mTORC1 kinase induces differentiation of tumor-initiating cells and allows their subsequent depletion using the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. Our work deciphers the mCXCL1-mTORC1 pathway as crucial in liver cancer stem cell maintenance and highlights it as a novel target in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5550-61. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benita Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Krieg
- Department for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christine Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hildegard Keppeler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- FACS Core Facility of the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research of the University Hospital of Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Steven Warmann
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joerg Fuchs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vetter
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Thiele
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Maike Nieser
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yulia Skokowa
- Division of Translational Oncology, Department of Hematology, Immunology, University Hospital Tuebingen
| | - Ludger Schöls
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany. Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marc Ringelhan
- Second Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München (TUM)/Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Tetyana Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. Institute of Virology, Technische Universität München (TUM)/Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Munich, Germany
| | - Uta Kossatz-Boehlert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. Department for Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Nai QY, Wei MX, Xu W. Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic targeting of liver cancer stem cells. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1198-1205. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i8.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As cancer stem cells have been confirmed in many human solid tumors, hepatocellular carcinoma has been considered a stem cell disease. The existence of liver cancer stem cells in liver cancer has been a research hotspot recently. Cancer stem cell theory believes that tumorigenesis, development, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance are closely associated with cancer stem cells. Therefore, the isolation and identification of liver cancer stem cells play a very important role in early prevention, early diagnosis, effective therapy and improving prognosis of liver cancer. This paper summarizes the origin, surface molecular markers, signal transduction and regulation of liver cancer stem cells, and discusses the therapies targeting liver cancer stem cells.
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Abstract
In recent years, hepatic oval cells (HOC) have gradually become a research hotspot, and their participation in the reconstruction of liver structure and function has been preliminarily confirmed. This provides a new direction for the study of the pathogenesis and treatment of liver injury, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver neoplasms and other liver diseases. This paper will discuss the relationship between hepatic oval cells and liver diseases.
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Okano H. Stem cell research and regenerative medicine in 2014: first year of regenerative medicine in Japan. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 23:2127-8. [PMID: 25192239 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is my great pleasure to announce that we were able to publish the Japan Issue in Stem Cells and Development, especially in this year 2014. This year, 2014, is said to be the First Year of Regenerative Medicine in Japan. This movement is likely to be based on the establishment of a new law system regarding regenerative medicine (an Act for Ensuring the Safety of Regenerative Medicine or the so-called Regenerative Medicine Law) and the partial revision of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (PAL). Both laws will come into effect in 2014 in this country. These new law systems are expected to have a great impact on the facilitation of R&D related to regenerative medicine and stem cell biology. In the present Japan Issue, some excellent stem cell research in this country will be introduced to celebrate the First Year of Regenerative Medicine in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Romano M, De Francesco F, Pirozzi G, Gringeri E, Boetto R, Di Domenico M, Zavan B, Ferraro GA, Cillo U. Expression of cancer stem cell biomarkers as a tool for a correct therapeutic approach to hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoscience 2015; 2:443-456. [PMID: 26097877 PMCID: PMC4468330 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second most frequent cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Amongst liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the major histological subtype and it is one of the most common malignant human tumors worldwide. Research into the molecular biology of hepatocarcinogenesis has identified several biomarkers, which could provide additional informations in order to better understand the biology of HCC. A large number of biomarkers have been shown to have potential predictive significance and a wide variety of molecular markers have been proven to be excellent diagnostic tools for HCC but it is difficult to characterize HCC with a single biomarker. Thus, signatures of a combination of biomarkers may be more valuable for the diagnosis, staging and prognosis of HCC. Specifically, a correlation of HCC-CSCs phenotype to specific hepatic cancer subtypes and to specific clinical and pathological features has not yet been reported in human liver tumors. In this view we will first discuss the possible sources of liver stem cells and their relation with liver cancer development and we will secondly focus on the prognostic significance of clinical and pathological features of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Romano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua (Italy)
| | - Francesco De Francesco
- Multidisciplinary department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples (Italy)
| | - Giuseppe Pirozzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, National Cancer Institute, G.Pascale, Naples (Italy)
| | - Enrico Gringeri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua (Italy)
| | - Riccardo Boetto
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua (Italy)
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples (Italy)
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua (Italy)
| | - Giuseppe A Ferraro
- Multidisciplinary department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples (Italy)
| | - Umberto Cillo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Padua University Hospital, Padua (Italy)
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Clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of the expression of the cancer stem cell marker CD133 in hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7623-30. [PMID: 25921286 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To conduct a meta-analysis to assess the association between CD133 expression and clinicopathological significance and prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Studies were identified via an electronic comprehensive literature search through the Pubmed, Chinese CNKI, and Wanfang databases. This meta-analysis was performed using Stata statistical software version 12.0. The outcomes included various clinicopathological and survival parameters (P < 0.05 was consider to indicate a statistical significance). A total of 21 studies comprising 2592 patients were included in this meta-analysis. CD133 overexpression was significantly associated with a series of clinicopathological parameters, such as low tumor differentiation (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.59-3.21, P < 0.00001), advanced tumor stage (pooled OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.70-2.77, P < 0.00001), vascular invasion (pooled OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.25-3.39, P = 0.005), and vascular thrombosis (pooled OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.08-1.99, P = 0.015). However, CD133 expression was not correlated with hepatitis, cirrhosis, α-fetoprotein level, tumor number, tumor size, encapsulation, or metastasis. Regarding survival outcome, CD133 overexpression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.45-2.80, P = 0.00002) and poor disease-free survival (pooled HR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.45-2.29, P < 0.00001). This meta-analysis indicated that CD133 overexpression is significantly associated with clinicopathological factors and poorer survival outcome.
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Guan HB, Nie YZ, Zheng YW, Takiguchi K, Yu HW, Zhang RR, Li B, Tsuchida T, Taniguchi H. Acyclic retinoid induces differentiation and apoptosis of murine hepatic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25881300 PMCID: PMC4417297 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The therapeutic potential of acyclic retinoid (ACR), a synthetic retinoid, has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies. Therapeutic targets include precancerous and cancer stem cells. As ACR is also involved in developmental processes, its effect on normal hepatic stem cells (HpSCs) should be investigated for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Here, we examined effects of the acyclic retinoid peretinoin on fresh isolated murine HpSCs. Methods We isolated c-kit−CD29+CD49f+/lowCD45−Ter119− cells from murine fetal livers using flow cytometry. To evaluate the effect of ACR, we traced clonal expansion and analyzed cell differentiation as well as apoptosis during the induction process by immunofluorescent staining and marker gene expression. Results ACR dose-dependently inhibited HpSCs expansion. Stem cell clonal expansion was markedly inhibited during the culture period. Moreover, ACR showed a significant promotion of HpSC differentiation and induction of cellular apoptosis. The expression of stem cell marker genes, Afp, Cd44, and Dlk, was downregulated, while that of mature hepatocyte genes, Alb and Tat, and apoptosis-related genes, Annexin V and Caspase-3, were upregulated. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of Annexin V-positive cells increased after ACR incubation compared with the control. Data obtained by immunofluorescent staining for albumin and Caspase-3 corroborated the data on gene expression. Finally, we found that ACR directly regulates the expression of retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors. Conclusions These findings indicate that ACR inhibits the clonal expansion of normal HpSCs in vitro and promotes the differentiation of immature cells by regulating receptors of retinoic acid. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0046-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Guan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yun-Zhong Nie
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Department of Advanced Gastroenterological Surgical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Takiguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hong-Wei Yu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Bin Li
- Oregon Stem Cell Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Tomonori Tsuchida
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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A Role for Acyclic Retinoid in the Chemoprevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Phosphorylated Retinoid X Receptor-α. Diseases 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/diseases2030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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