1
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Yang H, Wang H, He Y, Yang Y, Thompson EW, Xia D, Burke LJ, Cao L, Hooper JD, Roberts MS, Crawford DHG, Liang X. Identification and characterization of TM4SF1 + tumor self-seeded cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114512. [PMID: 39003738 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor self-seeding is a process whereby circulating tumor cells (CTCs) recolonize the primary tumor, which promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and invasion. However, the detailed nature and functions of tumor self-seeded cells (TSCs) have not been well defined due to challenges in tracking and isolating TSCs. Here, we report an accurate animal model using photoconvertible tagging to recapitulate the spontaneous process of tumor self-seeding and identify TSCs as a subpopulation of primary tumor cells with enhanced invasiveness and survival. We demonstrate transmembrane-4-L-six-family-1 (TM4SF1) as a marker of TSCs, which promotes migration, invasion, and anchorage-independent survival in cancer cells. By analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, we identify a potential TSC population with a metastatic profile in patients with cancer, which is detectable in early-stage disease and expands during cancer progression. In summary, we establish a framework to study TSCs and identify emerging cell targets with diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic potential in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Haolu Wang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Yaowu He
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology and Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Di Xia
- Genome Innovation Hub, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Leslie J Burke
- Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - Lu Cao
- Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Darrell H G Crawford
- Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Gallipoli Medical Research, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4120, Australia.
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2
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Tayanloo-Beik A, Eslami A, Sarvari M, Jalaeikhoo H, Rajaeinejad M, Nikandish M, Faridfar A, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mafi AR, Larijani B, Arjmand B. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stem cells: a deadly duo in tumor progression. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1411736. [PMID: 39091989 PMCID: PMC11291337 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1411736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of cancer is increasing, with estimates suggesting that there will be 26 million new cases and 17 million deaths per year by 2030. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key to the resistance and advancement of cancer. They play a crucial role in tumor dynamics and resistance to therapy. CSCs, initially discovered in acute myeloid leukemia, are well-known for their involvement in tumor initiation, progression, and relapse, mostly because of their distinct characteristics, such as resistance to drugs and the ability to self-renew. EVs, which include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). They have a significant impact on cellular behaviors and contribute to genetic and epigenetic changes. This paper analyzes the mutually beneficial association between CSCs and EVs, emphasizing their role in promoting tumor spread and developing resistance mechanisms. This review aims to investigate the interaction between these entities in order to discover new approaches for attacking the complex machinery of cancer cells. It highlights the significance of CSCs and EVs as crucial targets in the advancement of novel cancer treatments, which helps stimulate additional research, promote progress in ideas for cancer treatment, and provide renewed optimism in the effort to reduce the burden of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Tayanloo-Beik
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Eslami
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Jalaeikhoo
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rajaeinejad
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Aja University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nikandish
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Faridfar
- AJA Cancer Epidemiology Research and Treatment Center (AJA-CERTC), AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Rezazadeh Mafi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Radu P, Zurzu M, Paic V, Bratucu M, Garofil D, Tigora A, Georgescu V, Prunoiu V, Pasnicu C, Popa F, Surlin P, Surlin V, Strambu V. CD34-Structure, Functions and Relationship with Cancer Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050938. [PMID: 37241170 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The CD34 protein was identified almost four decades ago as a biomarker for hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. CD34 expression of these stem cells has been exploited for therapeutic purposes in various hematological disorders. In the last few decades, studies have revealed the presence of CD34 expression on other types of cells with non-hematopoietic origins, such as interstitial cells, endothelial cells, fibrocytes, and muscle satellite cells. Furthermore, CD34 expression may also be found on a variety of cancer stem cells. Nowadays, the molecular functions of this protein have been involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as enhancing proliferation and blocking cell differentiation, enhanced lymphocyte adhesion, and cell morphogenesis. Although a complete understanding of this transmembrane protein, including its developmental origins, its stem cell connections, and other functions, is yet to be achieved. In this paper, we aimed to carry out a systematic analysis of the structure, functions, and relationship with cancer stem cells of CD34 based on the literature overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petru Radu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Zurzu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Paic
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Bratucu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dragos Garofil
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Tigora
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Valentin Georgescu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu Prunoiu
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin Pasnicu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florian Popa
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Petra Surlin
- Department of Periodontology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Valeriu Surlin
- Sixth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova Emergency Clinical 7 Hospital, 200642 Craiova, Romania
| | - Victor Strambu
- General Surgery Department, Carol Davila Nephrology Hospital Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Tenth Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Kim M, Jo KW, Kim H, Han ME, Oh SO. Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:94-108. [PMID: 36384888 PMCID: PMC9989795 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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5
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Cancer Stem Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Intrinsic and Extrinsic Molecular Mechanisms in Stemness Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012327. [PMID: 36293184 PMCID: PMC9604119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the most predominant type of liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis due to its late diagnosis and high recurrence rate. One of the culprits for HCC recurrence and metastasis is the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are a small subset of cancer cells possessing robust stem cell properties within tumors. CSCs play crucial roles in tumor heterogeneity constitution, tumorigenesis, tumor relapse, metastasis, and resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Elucidation of how these CSCs maintain their stemness features is essential for the development of CSCs-based therapy. In this review, we summarize the present knowledge of intrinsic molecules and signaling pathways involved in hepatic CSCs, especially the CSC surface markers and associated signaling in regulating the stemness characteristics and the heterogeneous subpopulations within the CSC pool. In addition, we recapitulate the effects of crucial extrinsic cellular components in the tumor microenvironment, including stromal cells and immune cells, on the modulation of hepatic CSCs. Finally, we synopsize the currently valuable CSCs-targeted therapy strategies based on intervention in these intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms, in the hope of shedding light on better clinical management of HCC patients.
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6
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Tourigny DS, Zucker M, Kim M, Russo P, Coleman J, Lee CH, Carlo MI, Chen YB, Hakimi AA, Kotecha RR, Reznik E. Molecular Characterization of the Tumor Microenvironment in Renal Medullary Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:910147. [PMID: 35837094 PMCID: PMC9275834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.910147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is a highly aggressive disease associated with sickle hemoglobinopathies and universal loss of the tumor suppressor gene SMARCB1. RMC has a relatively low rate of incidence compared with other renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) that has hitherto made molecular profiling difficult. To probe this rare disease in detail we performed an in-depth characterization of the RMC tumor microenvironment using a combination of genomic, metabolic and single-cell RNA-sequencing experiments on tissue from a representative untreated RMC patient, complemented by retrospective analyses of archival tissue and existing published data. Our study of the tumor identifies a heterogenous population of malignant cell states originating from the thick ascending limb of the Loop of Henle within the renal medulla. Transformed RMC cells displayed the hallmarks of increased resistance to cell death by ferroptosis and proteotoxic stress driven by MYC-induced proliferative signals. Specifically, genomic characterization of RMC tumors provides substantiating evidence for the recently proposed dependence of SMARCB1-difficient cancers on proteostasis modulated by an intact CDKN2A-p53 pathway. We also provide evidence that increased cystine-mTORC-GPX4 signaling plays a role in protecting transformed RMC cells against ferroptosis. We further propose that RMC has an immune landscape comparable to that of untreated RCCs, including heterogenous expression of the immune ligand CD70 within a sub-population of tumor cells. The latter could provide an immune-modulatory role that serves as a viable candidate for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Tourigny
- Irving Institute for Cancer Dynamics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Mark Zucker
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul Russo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chung-Han Lee
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria I. Carlo
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ying-Bei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - A. Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Ritesh R. Kotecha
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
| | - Ed Reznik
- Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: David S. Tourigny, ; A. Ari Hakimi, ; Ritesh R. Kotecha, ; Ed Reznik,
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7
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Generation of Cancer Stem/Initiating Cells by Cell-Cell Fusion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094514. [PMID: 35562905 PMCID: PMC9101717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CS/ICs have raised great expectations in cancer research and therapy, as eradication of this key cancer cell type is expected to lead to a complete cure. Unfortunately, the biology of CS/ICs is rather complex, since no common CS/IC marker has yet been identified. Certain surface markers or ALDH1 expression can be used for detection, but some studies indicated that cancer cells exhibit a certain plasticity, so CS/ICs can also arise from non-CS/ICs. Another problem is intratumoral heterogeneity, from which it can be inferred that different CS/IC subclones must be present in the tumor. Cell–cell fusion between cancer cells and normal cells, such as macrophages and stem cells, has been associated with the generation of tumor hybrids that can exhibit novel properties, such as an enhanced metastatic capacity and even CS/IC properties. Moreover, cell–cell fusion is a complex process in which parental chromosomes are mixed and randomly distributed among daughter cells, resulting in multiple, unique tumor hybrids. These, if they have CS/IC properties, may contribute to the heterogeneity of the CS/IC pool. In this review, we will discuss whether cell–cell fusion could also lead to the origin of different CS/ICs that may expand the overall CS/IC pool in a primary tumor.
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8
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Qiu Y, Wang N, Guo T, Liu S, Tang X, Zhong Z, Chen Q, Wu H, Li X, Wang J, Zhang S, Ou Y, Wang B, Ma K, Gu W, Cao J, Chen H, Duan Y. Establishment of a 3D model of tumor-driven angiogenesis to study the effects of anti-angiogenic drugs on pericyte recruitment. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6064-6085. [PMID: 34136892 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm02107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as a well-vascularized tumor, has attracted increasing attention in antiangiogenic therapies. Notably, emerging studies reveal that the long-term administration of antiangiogenic drugs induces hypoxia in tumors. Pericytes, which play a vital role in vascular stabilization and maturation, have been documented to be associated with antiangiogenic drug-induced tumor hypoxia. However, the role of antiangiogenic agents in regulating pericyte behavior still remains elusive. In this study, by using immunostaining analysis, we first demonstrated that tumors obtained from HCC patients were highly angiogenic, in which vessels were irregularly covered by pericytes. Therefore, we established a new 3D model of tumor-driven angiogenesis by culturing endothelial cells, pericytes, cancer stem cells (CSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with microcarriers in order to investigate the effects and mechanisms exerted by antiangiogenic agents on pericyte recruitment during tumor angiogenesis. Interestingly, microcarriers, as supporting matrices, enhanced the interactions between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), promoted malignancy of tumor cells and increased tumor angiogenesis within the 3D model, as determined by qRT-PCR and immunostaining. More importantly, we showed that zoledronic acid (ZA) reversed the inhibited pericyte recruitment, which was induced by sorafenib (Sora) treatment, through fostering the expression and activation of ErbB1/ErbB2 and PDGFR-β in pericytes, in both an in vitro 3D model and an in vivo xenograft HCC mouse model. Hence, our model provides a more pathophysiologically relevant platform for the assessment of therapeutic effects of antiangiogenic compounds and identification of novel pharmacological targets, which might efficiently improve the benefits of antiangiogenic treatment for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Qiu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shoupei Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xianglian Tang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhong
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Qicong Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xiajing Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Yimeng Ou
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510080, P. R. China
| | - Bailin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510220, P. R. China
| | - Keqiang Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, P. R. China
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, P. R. China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Translational Medicine, Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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9
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Liu L, Borlak J. Advances in Liver Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and their Characterization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1215-1238. [PMID: 33432485 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade research on cancer stem cells (CSC) significantly contributed to a better understanding of tumor biology. Given their similarity to normal stem cells, i.e. self-renewal and pluripotency the need arises to develop robust protocols for the isolation and characterization of CSCs. As with other malignancies, hepatic tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells including liver cancer stem cells (LCSC). Yet, a precise understanding of why stem cells become cancerous is still lacking. There is unmet need to develop robust protocols for the successful isolation of LCSCs from human tissue resection material as to assist in the development of molecular targeted therapies. Here we review the research progress made in the isolation and characterization of LCSCs by considering a wide range of cell surface markers and sorting methods, as applied to side populations, microsphere cultures and the gradient centrifugation method. We emphasize the different fluorescence activated cell sorting methods and the possibility to enrich LCSCs by immunomagnetic beads. We review the specificity of functional assays by considering ABCG transporter and ALDH1 enzyme activities and evaluate the in vivo tumorigenicity of LCSCs in highly sensitive bioassays. Finally, we evaluate different LCSC markers in association with viral and non-viral liver disease and explore the potential of novel drug delivery systems targeting CD133, EpCAM, CD13 and CD90 for the development of molecular targeted therapies. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Hsieh MJ, Chiu TJ, Lin YC, Weng CC, Weng YT, Hsiao CC, Cheng KH. Inactivation of APC Induces CD34 Upregulation to Promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Stem Cell Traits in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124473. [PMID: 32586050 PMCID: PMC7352299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy due to the cancer routinely being diagnosed late and having a limited response to chemotherapy. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common form of pancreatic malignant tumor, representing more than 85% of all pancreatic cancers. In the present study, we characterized the phenotypes of concomitant P53 and APC mutations in pancreatic neoplasms driven by the oncogene KRAS in genetically modified mice (GEMM). In this GEMM setting, APC haploinsufficiency coupled with P53 deletion and KRASG12D activation resulted in an earlier appearance of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions and progressed rapidly to highly invasive and metastatic PDAC. Through a microarray analysis of murine PDAC cells derived from our APC-deficient PDAC model, we observed that APC loss leads to upregulated CD34 expression in PDAC. CD34 is a member of a family of single-pass transmembrane proteins and is selectively expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells, vascular endothelial cells, interstitial precursor cells, and various interstitial tumor cells. However, the functional roles of CD34 in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. Thus, in this study, we explored the mechanisms regarding how CD34 promotes the deterioration of pancreatic malignancy. Our results demonstrated that the increased expression of CD34 induced by APC inactivation promotes the invasion and migration of PDAC cells, which may relate to PDAC metastasis in vivo. Collectively, our study provides first-line evidence to delineate the association between CD34 and the APC/Wnt pathway in PDAC, and reveals the potential roles of CD34 in PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jen Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Jan Chiu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu Chun Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Ching-Chieh Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Yu-Ting Weng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (K.-h.C.)
| | - Kuang-hung Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; (M.J.H.); (Y.C.L.); (C.-C.W.); (Y.-T.W.)
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.H.); (K.-h.C.)
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11
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Sang X, Wu F, Wu D, Lin S, Li J, Zhao N, Chen X, Xu A. Human Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells (HCSCs) Markers Correlated With Immune Infiltrates Reveal Prognostic Significance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 32184801 PMCID: PMC7058667 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several markers have been reported to be specific for hepatic cancer stem cells (HCSCs), which is usually thought to be highly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells act as an important factor for oncogenesis. Little is known about the correlation of HCSC markers to prognosis and immune infiltrates. Methods Expression of HCSC markers was analyzed through Oncomine database, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Integrative Molecular Database of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCCDB), respectively. The prognostic effect of HCSC markers was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier plotter in association with different tumor stages, risk factors, and gender. The correlation of HCSC markers to tumor-infiltrating immune cells was tested by Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER). HCSC markers related gene sets were investigated by GEPIA, with their biological functions being analyzed by Cytoscape software. Results The expression level of 10 HCSC markers in HCC was higher than that in normal tissues in at least one database. Among them, high expression of CD24, SOX9, and SOX12 was positively correlated with poor prognosis (CD24: OS P = 0.0012, PFS P = 7.9E–05. SOX9: OS P = 0.012. SOX12: OS P = 0.0004, PFS P = 0.0013, respectively). However, the expression of CD13, CD34 and ALDH1A1 was associated with prolonged OS and PFS. SOX12 was significantly upregulated in poor prognosis of HCC patients with different conditions. Besides, total nine HCSC markers were identified to be positively associated with immune infiltration, including SOX12. Furthermore, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was found to be one major pathway of these HCSC markers related gene networks. Conclusion Our results suggest that seven upregulated HCSC markers (CD90, EpCAM, CD133, CD24, SOX9, CK19, and SOX12) are related with poor prognosis and immune infiltration in HCC. In addition, we find that high SOX12 expression remarkably affect prognosis in male HCC patients but not in female. HCC patients under viral infection or alcohol intake with increased SOX12 expression had poorer prognosis. Therefore, HCSCs markers likely play an important role in tumor related immune infiltration and SOX12 might be a potential therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopu Sang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoni Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Kapoor S, Shenoy SP, Bose B. CD34 cells in somatic, regenerative and cancer stem cells: Developmental biology, cell therapy, and omics big data perspective. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:3058-3069. [PMID: 31886574 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein CD34 has conventionally been regarded as a marker for hematopoietic progenitors. Its expression on these cells has been leveraged for cell therapy applications in various hematological disorders. More recently, the expression of CD34 has also been reported on cells of nonhematopoietic origin. The list includes somatic cells such as endothelial cells, fibrocytes and interstitial cells and regenerative stem cells such as corneal keratocytes, muscle satellite cells, and muscle-derived stem cells. Furthermore, its expression on some cancer stem cells (CSCs) has also been reported. Till date, the functional roles of this molecule have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes including cell adhesion, signal transduction, and maintenance of progenitor phenotype. However, the complete understanding about this molecule including its developmental origins, its embryonic connection, and associated functions is far from complete. Here, we review our present understanding of the structure and putative functions of the CD34 molecule based upon our literature survey. We also probed various biological databases to retrieve data related to the expression and associated molecular functions of CD34. Such information, upon synthesis, is hence likely to provide the suitability of such cells for cell therapy. Moreover, we have also covered the existing cell therapy and speculated cell therapy applications of CD34+ cells isolated from various lineages. We have also attempted here to speculate the role(s) of CD34 on CSCs. Finally, we discuss number of large-scale proteomics and transcriptomics studies that have been performed using CD34+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saketh Kapoor
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sudheer P Shenoy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bipasha Bose
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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13
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers with high mortality rate. It is a heterogeneous cancer with diverse inter- and intra-heterogeneity, also in terms of histology, prognosis, and molecular profiles. A rapidly growing evidence has demonstrated that some HCCs, if not all, were caused by the activation of the cancer stem cells (CSC), a small population within the cancer that is responsible for the initiation and maintenance of cancer growth. Until now, various populations of hepatic CSC with more than ten different phenotypical protein markers, such as CD133, CD90, EpCAM, CD24, and CD13, have been identified and validated in xenotransplantation models. They are associated with risk factors, prognosis, chemo-resistance, and metastasis. This chapter summarizes available data on different hepatic CSC markers for the development of potential future therapy.
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14
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Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Henrique R, Jerónimo C, Mano JF. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Relevance in Multicellular Bioengineered 3D In Vitro Tumor Models. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luís P. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Vítor M. Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP); Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology; Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS); University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP); Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto); Porto Portugal
| | - João F. Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO; University of Aveiro; Campus Universitário de Santiago; 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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15
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Chen J, Chen L, Zern MA, Theise ND, Diehl AM, Liu P, Duan Y. The diversity and plasticity of adult hepatic progenitor cells and their niche. Liver Int 2017; 37:1260-1271. [PMID: 28135758 PMCID: PMC5534384 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a unique organ for homoeostasis with regenerative capacities. Hepatocytes possess a remarkable capacity to proliferate upon injury; however, in more severe scenarios liver regeneration is believed to arise from at least one, if not several facultative hepatic progenitor cell compartments. Newly identified pericentral stem/progenitor cells residing around the central vein is responsible for maintaining hepatocyte homoeostasis in the uninjured liver. In addition, hepatic progenitor cells have been reported to contribute to liver fibrosis and cancers. What drives liver homoeostasis, regeneration and diseases is determined by the physiological and pathological conditions, and especially the hepatic progenitor cell niches which influence the fate of hepatic progenitor cells. The hepatic progenitor cell niches are special microenvironments consisting of different cell types, releasing growth factors and cytokines and receiving signals, as well as the extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. The hepatic progenitor cell niches maintain and regulate stem cells to ensure organ homoeostasis and regeneration. In recent studies, more evidence has been shown that hepatic cells such as hepatocytes, cholangiocytes or myofibroblasts can be induced to be oval cell-like state through transitions under some circumstance, those transitional cell types as potential liver-resident progenitor cells play important roles in liver pathophysiology. In this review, we describe and update recent advances in the diversity and plasticity of hepatic progenitor cell and their niches and discuss evidence supporting their roles in liver homoeostasis, regeneration, fibrosis and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Chen
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Neil D. Theise
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Ann Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Ping Liu
- Shuguang Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases of Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai key laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,E-institutes of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA,Corresponding Authors: Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center of Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 350 East 17th Street, Baird Hall, Room 17, New York, NY 10003 USA. Tel: +1 212 420 4246, Fax: +1 212 420 4373. (N.D. Theise). Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3256 Snydeman/GSRB-1 595 La Salle Street Durham, NC 27710 USA. Tel: +1 919 684 4173, Fax: +1 919 684 4183. (A.M. Diehl). Shuguang Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 528 Zhangheng Road, Pudong district, Shanghai 201203 China. Tel: +86-21-51322059, Fax: +86 21-51322059. (P. Liu). Department of Dermatology and Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Suite 1630, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Tel: +1 916 703 9393, Fax: +1 916 703 9396. (Y. Duan)
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16
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You N, Tan Y, Zhou L, Huang X, Wang W, Wang L, Wu K, Mi N, Li J, Zheng L. Tg737 acts as a key driver of invasion and migration in liver cancer stem cells and correlates with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:217-226. [PMID: 28663060 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the Tg737 gene plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, few systematic investigations have focused on the biological function of Tg737 in the invasion and migration of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and on its clinical significance. In this study, Tg737 overexpression was achieved via gene transfection in MHCC97-H side population (SP) cells, which are considered a model for LCSCs in scientific studies. Tg737 overexpression significantly inhibited the invasion and migration of SP cells in an extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2)/matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-dependent manner. Furthermore, Tg737 expression was frequently decreased in HCC tissues relative to that in adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. This decreased expression was significantly associated with tumor differentiation, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, metastasis, tumor size, vascular invasion, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and tumor number. Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analyses demonstrated that Tg737 expression was an independent factor for predicting the overall survival of HCC patients. Notably, Kaplan-Meier analysis further showed that overall survival was significantly worse among patients with low Tg737 expression. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Tg737 is a poor prognostic marker in patients with HCC, which may be due to its ability to promote LCSCs invasion and migration. These results provide a basis for investigating of Tg737 as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan You
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ye Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The 155 Central Hospital of PLA, Kaifeng, He'nan 475000, China
| | - Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Na Mi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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17
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Zeng C, Zhang Y, Park SC, Eun JR, Nguyen NT, Tschudy-Seney B, Jung YJ, Theise ND, Zern MA, Duan Y. CD34(+) Liver Cancer Stem Cells Were Formed by Fusion of Hepatobiliary Stem/Progenitor Cells with Hematopoietic Precursor-Derived Myeloid Intermediates. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2467-78. [PMID: 26192559 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were identified and characterized; however, the origins and formation of CSCs remain elusive. In this study, we examined the origination of the newly identified CD34(+) liver CSC (LCSC). We found that CD34(+) LCSC coexpressed liver stem cell and myelomonocytic cell markers, showing a mixed phenotype, a combination of hepatobiliary stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and myelomonocytic cells. Moreover, human xenografts produced by CD34(+) LCSCs and the parental cells, which CD34(+) LCSC was isolated from, coexpressed liver cancer and myelomonocytic markers, also demonstrating mixed phenotypes. The xenografts and the parental cells secreted albumin demonstrating their hepatocyte origin and also expressed cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-12A, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and CSF1] and chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, and CCL5). Expression of these cytokines and chemokines responded to the stimuli [interferon-γ (INF-γ), IL-4, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)]. Furthermore, human xenografts and the parental cells phagocytized Escherichia coli. CD34(+) LCSC coexpressed CD45, demonstrating that its origin appears to be from a hematopoietic precursor. The percentage of cells positive for OV6, CD34, and CD31, presenting the markers of HSPC, hematopoietic, and myelomonocytic cells, increased under treatment of CD34(+) LCSC with a drug. Cytogenetic analysis showed that CD34(+) LCSC contained a greater number of chromosomes. HBV DNA integrations and mutations in CD34(+) LCSC and the parental cells were identical to those in the literature or the database. Thus, these results demonstrated that CD34(+) LCSCs were formed by fusion of HSPC with CD34(+) hematopoietic precursor-derived myeloid intermediates; it appears that this is the first report that human CSCs have been formed by the fusion. Therefore, it represents a significant step toward better understanding of the formation of human CSC and the diverse origins of liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Zeng
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University , Ya'an, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,4 School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Cheol Park
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,5 Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ryeol Eun
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,6 Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine , Daegu, Korea
| | - Ngoc Tue Nguyen
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
| | - Benjamin Tschudy-Seney
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
| | - Yong Jin Jung
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,7 Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Neil D Theise
- 8 Department of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center , Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mark A Zern
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
| | - Yuyou Duan
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California.,9 Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center , Sacramento, California
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18
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Park SC, Zeng C, Tschudy-Seney B, Nguyen NT, Eun JR, Zhang Y, Ramsamooj R, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Theise ND, Zhou H, Zern MA, Duan Y. Clonogenically Culturing and Expanding CD34+ Liver Cancer Stem Cells in Vitro. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1506-14. [PMID: 25867583 PMCID: PMC4499771 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been isolated and identified; however, none has been cultured in an unlimited manner in vitro without losing tumorigenicity and multipotency. In this study, we successfully clonogenically cultured a newly identified CD34+ liver CSC (LCSC) on feeder cells up to 22 passages (to date) without losing CSC property. Cloned CD34+ LCSC formed a round packed morphology and it could also be cryopreserved and recultured. Stem cell markers, CD34, CD117, and SOX2; normal liver stem cell markers, alpha fetoprotein, CK19, CK18, and OV6; putative CSC markers, CD44, CD133, EpCAM, and CD90; as well as CD31 were expressed in cloned CD34+ LCSC. SOX2 was the major factor in maintaining this LCSC before colonization, and interestingly, OCT4, SOX2, NAONG, Klf4, c-Myc, and Lin28 were upregulated in association with symmetric self-renewal for colony growth of CD34+ LCSC on feeder cells. Gene expression patterns of in vitro differentiation were consistent with our in vivo finding; furthermore, the tumorigenicity of cloned CD34+ LCSC was not different from uncloned CD34+ LCSC sorted from parental PLC. These results show that our cloned CD34+ LCSC maintained CSC property, including self-renewal, bipotency, and tumorigenicity after long-term culture, demonstrating that this LCSC can be cultured in an unlimited manner in vitro. Thus, establishing pure population of CSCs isolated from the patients will provide an opportunity to explore the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and cancer development, and to identify unique biomarkers presenting potential indicators of drug efficacy against CSCs for establishment of a novel strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Cheol Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changjun Zeng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Benjamin Tschudy-Seney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Ngoc Tue Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Jong Ryeol Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rajendra Ramsamooj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Yanghong Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Neil D. Theise
- Department of Pathology and of Medicine, Beth Israel Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California at Davis, Davis, California
| | - Mark A. Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Yuyou Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
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Eun JR. Cellular origin of liver cancer stem cells. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2015. [DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2015.32.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ryeol Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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