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Chen H, Wang H, Xu X, Hu Y, Su J, Li D, Li Z, Feng S, Liu J, Zhang H, Wang X. The impact of 5-aminosalicylates on the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a murine model of ulcerative colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112255. [PMID: 38744176 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is distinguished by persistent immune-mediated inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous experimental investigations have shown encouraging outcomes for the use of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy in the treatment of IBD. However, as a primary medication for IBD patients, there is limited information regarding the potential interaction between 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASA) and MSCs. In this present study, we employed the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse model to examine the influence of a combination of MSCs and 5-ASA on the development of UC. The mice were subjected to weight measurement, DAI scoring, assessment of calprotectin expression, and collection of colons for histological examination. The findings revealed that both 5-ASA and MSCs have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of UC. However, it is noteworthy that 5-ASA exhibits a quicker onset of action, while MSCs demonstrate more advantageous and enduring therapeutic effects. Additionally, the combination of 5-ASA and MSC treatment shows a less favorable efficacy compared to the MSCs alone group. Moreover, our study conducted in vitro revealed that 5-ASA could promote MSC migration, but it could also inhibit MSC proliferation, induce apoptosis, overexpress inflammatory factors (IL-2, IL-12P70, and TNF-α), and reduce the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the viability of MSCs within the colon was observed as a result of 5-ASA induction. These findings collectively indicate that the use of 5-ASA has the potential to interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation for the treatment of IBD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy
- Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesalamine/pharmacology
- Mesalamine/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Dextran Sulfate
- Mice
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Colon/pathology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Male
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Chen
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - XiaoJing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ya'nan Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jing Su
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Zimu Li
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Shixiang Feng
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, 120 Su zhi Road, Sucheng District, Suqian 223800, China.
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Che Z, Ye Z, Zhang X, Lin B, Yang W, Liang Y, Zeng J. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in the pathogenesis and regenerative therapy of inflammatory bowel diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952071. [PMID: 35990688 PMCID: PMC9386516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) represent a group of chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn’s disease (CD), and unclassified IBDs. The pathogenesis of IBDs is related to genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and dysbiosis that can lead to the dysfunction of immune responses and dysregulated homeostasis of local mucosal tissues characterized by severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage in GI tract. To date, extensive studies have indicated that IBDs cannot be completely cured and easy to relapse, thus prompting researchers to find novel and more effective therapeutics for this disease. Due to their potent multipotent differentiation and immunomodulatory capabilities, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) not only play an important role in regulating immune and tissue homeostasis but also display potent therapeutic effects on various inflammatory diseases, including IBDs, in both preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on the pathological mechanisms, the currently available therapeutics, particularly, the potential application of MSCs-based regenerative therapy for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Che
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jincheng Zeng, ; Yanfang Liang,
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Developmental and Translational Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
- *Correspondence: Jincheng Zeng, ; Yanfang Liang,
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3
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Lebeau G, Ah-Pine F, Daniel M, Bedoui Y, Vagner D, Frumence E, Gasque P. Perivascular Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells, an Immune Privileged Niche for Viruses? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148038. [PMID: 35887383 PMCID: PMC9317325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a critical role in response to stress such as infection. They initiate the removal of cell debris, exert major immunoregulatory activities, control pathogens, and lead to a remodeling/scarring phase. Thus, host-derived ‘danger’ factors released from damaged/infected cells (called alarmins, e.g., HMGB1, ATP, DNA) as well as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (LPS, single strand RNA) can activate MSCs located in the parenchyma and around vessels to upregulate the expression of growth factors and chemoattractant molecules that influence immune cell recruitment and stem cell mobilization. MSC, in an ultimate contribution to tissue repair, may also directly trans- or de-differentiate into specific cellular phenotypes such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, Schwann cells, and they may somehow recapitulate their neural crest embryonic origin. Failure to terminate such repair processes induces pathological scarring, termed fibrosis, or vascular calcification. Interestingly, many viruses and particularly those associated to chronic infection and inflammation may hijack and polarize MSC’s immune regulatory activities. Several reports argue that MSC may constitute immune privileged sanctuaries for viruses and contributing to long-lasting effects posing infectious challenges, such as viruses rebounding in immunocompromised patients or following regenerative medicine therapies using MSC. We will herein review the capacity of several viruses not only to infect but also to polarize directly or indirectly the functions of MSC (immunoregulation, differentiation potential, and tissue repair) in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégorie Lebeau
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Franck Ah-Pine
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Service Anatomo-Pathologie, CHU de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Matthieu Daniel
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Yosra Bedoui
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Damien Vagner
- Service de Médecine Interne, CHU de la Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Etienne Frumence
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité de Recherche en Pharmaco-Immunologie (UR-EPI), Université et CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France; (G.L.); (F.A.-P.); (M.D.); (Y.B.); (E.F.)
- Laboratoire d’Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la ZOI (LICE-OI), Pôle de Biologie, CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, France
- Correspondence:
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4
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Immune Cell Interaction and Related Modulations for Bone Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:7153584. [PMID: 35154331 PMCID: PMC8825274 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7153584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical bone defects and related delayed union and nonunion are still worldwide problems to be solved. Bone tissue engineering is mainly aimed at achieving satisfactory bone reconstruction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a kind of pluripotent stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells and can be used as one of the key pillars of bone tissue engineering. In recent decades, immune responses play an important role in bone regeneration. Innate immune responses provide a suitable inflammatory microenvironment for bone regeneration and initiate bone regeneration in the early stage of fracture repair. Adaptive immune responses maintain bone regeneration and bone remodeling. MSCs and immune cells regulate each other. All kinds of immune cells and secreted cytokines can regulate the migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, which have a strong immunomodulatory ability to these immune cells. This review mainly introduces the interaction between MSCs and immune cells on bone regeneration and its potential mechanism, and discusses the practical application in bone tissue engineering by modulating this kind of cell-to-cell crosstalk. Thus, an in-depth understanding of these principles of bone immunology can provide a new way for bone tissue engineering.
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5
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Munoz-Perez E, Gonzalez-Pujana A, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Latest Trends in Isolation, Content Optimization and Delivery Avenues. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111802. [PMID: 34834217 PMCID: PMC8617629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence and the complex pharmacological management of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), the search for new therapeutic approaches for their treatment is vital. Although the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied as a potential therapy in this field, direct MSC implantation presents some limitations that could slow down the clinical translation. Since the beneficial effects of MSCs have been mainly attributed to their ability to secrete a plethora of bioactive factors, their secretome has been proposed as a new and promising pathway for the treatment of IMIDs. Formed from soluble factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs), the MSC-derived secretome has been proven to elicit immunomodulatory effects that control the inflammatory processes that occur in IMIDs. This article aims to review the available knowledge on the MSC secretome, evaluating the advances in this field in terms of its composition, production and application, as well as analyzing the pending challenges in the field. Moreover, the latest research involving secretome administration in IMIDs is discussed to provide an updated state-of-the-art for this field. Finally, novel secretome delivery alternatives are reviewed, paying special attention to hydrogel encapsulation as one of the most convenient and promising strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Munoz-Perez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
| | - Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (M.I.)
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.S.-V.); (R.M.H.)
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhao N, Zhang H, Zhang A, Zhao D, Yu Z, Yin Y, Song L, Xiong Y, Luan X. hPMSCs protects against D-galactose-induced oxidative damage of CD4 + T cells through activating Akt-mediated Nrf2 antioxidant signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:468. [PMID: 33148324 PMCID: PMC7641865 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were considered a regenerative therapeutic approach in both acute and chronic diseases. However, whether MSCs regulate the antioxidant metabolism of CD4+ T cells and weaken immunosenescence remains unclear. Here, we reported the protective effects of hPMSCs in aging-related CD4+ T cell senescence and identified the underlying mechanisms using a d-gal-induced mouse aging model. Methods In vivo study, 40 male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: control group, d-gal group, hPMSC group, and PBS group. In in vitro experiment, human naive CD4+ T (CD4CD45RA) cells were prepared using a naive CD4+ T cell isolation kit II and pretreated with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Then, isolated naive CD4+ T cell were co-cultured with hPMSCs for 72 h in the absence or presence of anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads and IL-2 as a mitogenic stimulus. Intracellular ROS changes were detected by flow cytometry. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were measured by colorimetric analysis. The senescent T cells were detected SA-β-gal stain. The expression of aging-related proteins was detected by Western blotting, RT-PCR, and confocal microscopy. Results We found that hPMSC treatment markedly decreased the ROS level, SA-β-gal-positive cells number, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (IL-6 and OPN) expression, and aging-related protein (P16 and P21) expression in senescent CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, hPMSC treatment effectively upregulated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and the expression of downstream target genes (HO-1, CAT, GCLC, and NQO1) in senescent CD4+ T cells. Moreover, in vitro studies revealed that hPMSCs attenuated CD4+ T cell senescence by upregulating the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway to activate Nrf2 functions. Conversely, the antioxidant effects of hPMSCs were blocked by the Akt inhibitor LY294002 and Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 in senescent CD4+ T cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that hPMSCs attenuate d-gal-induced CD4+ T cell senescence by activating Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defenses and that upregulation of Nrf2 by hPMSCs is regulated via the Akt/GSK-3β/Fyn pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlian Xiong
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yancun Yin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lele Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlei Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiying Luan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Dai H, Zheng Y, Thomson AW, Rogers NM. Transplant Tolerance Induction: Insights From the Liver. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1044. [PMID: 32582167 PMCID: PMC7289953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of pre-clinical transplant models and of solid organs transplanted in routine clinical practice demonstrates that the liver is most amenable to the development of immunological tolerance. This phenomenon arises in the absence of stringent conditioning regimens that accompany published tolerizing protocols for other organs, particularly the kidney. The unique immunologic properties of the liver have assisted our understanding of the alloimmune response and how it can be manipulated to improve graft function and survival. This review will address important findings following liver transplantation in both animals and humans, and how these have driven the understanding and development of therapeutic immunosuppressive options. We will discuss the liver's unique system of immune and non-immune cells that regulate immunity, yet maintain effective responses to pathogens, as well as mechanisms of liver transplant tolerance in pre-clinical models and humans, including current immunosuppressive drug withdrawal trials and biomarkers of tolerance. In addition, we will address innovative therapeutic strategies, including mesenchymal stem cell, regulatory T cell, and regulatory dendritic cell therapy to promote liver allograft tolerance or minimization of immunosuppression in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yawen Zheng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natasha M Rogers
- Department of Surgery, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Renal Division, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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8
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Taner T, Abrol N, Park WD, Hansen MJ, Gustafson MP, Lerman LO, van Wijnen AJ, Dietz AB, Gores GJ, Stegall MD. Phenotypic, Transcriptional, and Functional Analysis of Liver Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Immunomodulatory Properties. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:549-563. [PMID: 31950576 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an immunologically active organ with a tolerogenic microenvironment at a quiescent state. The immunoregulatory properties of the liver appear to be retained after transplantation because liver allografts can reduce alloresponses against other organs that are simultaneously transplanted. Mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unknown. Given the known immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), we hypothesized that liver mesenchymal stromal cells (L-MSCs) are superior immunomodulators and contribute to liver-mediated tolerance. L-MSCs, generated from human liver allograft biopsies, were compared with adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (A-MSCs) and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). Trilineage differentiation of L-MSCs was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Comparative phenotypic analyses were done by flow cytometry and transcriptome analyses by RNA sequencing in unaltered cell cultures. The in vitro functional analyses were performed using alloreactive T cell proliferation assays. The transcriptome analysis showed that the L-MSCs are different than the A-MSCs and BM-MSCs, with significant enrichment of genes and gene sets associated with immunoregulation. Compared with the others, L-MSCs were found to express higher cell surface levels of several select immunomodulatory molecules. L-MSCs (versus A-MSCs/BM-MSCs) inhibited alloreactive T cell proliferation (22.7% versus 56.4%/58.7%, respectively; P < 0.05) and reduced the frequency of interferon ɤ-producing T cells better than other MSCs (52.8% versus 94.4%/155.4%; P < 0.05). The antiproliferative impact of L-MSCs was not dependent on cell-to-cell contact, could be reversed incompletely by blocking programmed death ligand 1, and required a higher concentration of the competitive inhibitor of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase for complete reversal. In conclusion, L-MSCs appear to be uniquely well-equipped immunomodulatory cells, and they are more potent than A-MSCs and BM-MSCs in that capacity, which suggests that they may contribute to liver-induced systemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Taner
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Nitin Abrol
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Walter D Park
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Michael P Gustafson
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT), Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Immune Progenitor and Cell Therapy (IMPACT), Division of Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gregory J Gores
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Mark D Stegall
- William J. von Liebig Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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9
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Gonzalez-Pujana A, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Mesenchymal stromal cell based therapies for the treatment of immune disorders: recent milestones and future challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:189-200. [PMID: 31918562 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1714587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) present unique immunomodulatory properties that make them promising candidates for the treatment of inflammatory and immune disorders. MSC-mediated immunomodulation is a complex combination of mechanisms, in which the secretome plays a fundamental role. The plethora of bioactive molecules MSCs produce, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), efficiently regulates innate and adaptive immunity. As a result, MSCs have been extensively employed in preclinical studies, leading to the conduction of multiple clinical trials.Areas covered: This review summarizes the effects of some of the key biomolecules in the MSC secretome and the advances in preclinical studies exploring the treatment of disorders including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Further, late-stage clinical trials and the first MSC-based therapies that recently obtained regulatory approval are discussed.Expert opinion: Extensive research supports the potential of MSC-based immunomodulatory therapies. However, to establish the bases for clinical translation, the future of study lies in the standardization of protocols and in the development of strategies that boost the therapeutic properties of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Gonzalez-Pujana
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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10
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Adult Human Liver: Hype or Hope? Cells 2019; 8:cells8101127. [PMID: 31546729 PMCID: PMC6830330 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases constitute a significant economic, social, and biomedical burden. Among commonly adopted approaches, only organ transplantation can radically help patients with end-stage liver pathologies. Cell therapy with hepatocytes as a treatment for chronic liver disease has demonstrated promising results. However, quality human hepatocytes are in short supply. Stem/progenitor cells capable of differentiating into functionally active hepatocytes provide an attractive alternative approach to cell therapy for liver diseases, as well as to liver-tissue engineering, drug screening, and basic research. The application of methods generally used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintain them in culture to human liver tissue provides cells, designated here as liver MSCs. They have much in common with MSCs from other tissues, but differ in two aspects-expression of a range of hepatocyte-specific genes and, possibly, inherent commitment to hepatogenic differentiation. The aim of this review is to analyze data regarding liver MSCs, probably another type of liver stem/progenitor cells different from hepatic stellate cells or so-called hepatic progenitor cells. The review presents an analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of liver MSCs, their differentiation and therapeutic potential, methods for isolating these cells from human liver, and discusses issues of their origin and heterogeneity. Human liver MSCs are a fascinating object of fundamental research with a potential for important practical applications.
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11
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Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells attenuate liver allograft rejection may via upregulation PD-L1 expression through downregulation of miR-17-5p. Transpl Immunol 2018; 51:21-29. [PMID: 30092337 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have reported that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play an important role in immune regulation after organ transplantation. Some of the BMSC-mediated regulatory mechanisms are related to PD-L1 expression. However, the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 expression is not fully understood. In this experiment, we confirmed the regulatory role of BMSCs in the rejection of liver transplantation and explored the possible mechanism by which PD-L1 expression is regulated in BMSCs. An orthotopic liver transplantation model in rats was established based on the "double-cuff technique". Third-generation BMSCs were injected into the rejection model rats via portal vein. At the same time, sera were obtained from rats in the allograft, isograft and sham-operated groups. The sera from these groups were separately added to BMSCs complete medium to partially mimic the in vivo environment in which BMSCs are exposed. After predicting and analysing microRNAs that regulate PD-L1 expression, we examined the microRNA and PD-L1 expression in BMSCs of the three groups cultured in the conditioned media. Moreover, a luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the interaction between PD-L1 and microRNA. The study found that the liver function and liver graft histopathology of the BMSC-treated group were better than those of the allograft group. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the median survival time (MST) of the BMSC-treated group was longer than that of the allograft group. Bioinformatics prediction and analysis showed that miR-17-5p is highly likely to regulate PD-L1. Compared with the other two groups of cells, BMSCs cultured with serum from allograft models showed higher PD-L1 expression, but lower miR-17-5p expression. Pearson correlation analysis showed that miR-17-5p and PD-L1 expression was negatively correlated, and further luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-17-5p interacted directly with the 3´-untranslated region (UTR) of PD-L1 mRNA. The results of this study demonstrate that BMSCs can attenuate liver allograft rejection and provide us with the idea that BMSCs may further upregulate PD-L1 expression by downregulating miR-17-5p expression, thereby attenuating liver allograft rejection.
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Abstract
The mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remain unknown. Recently, studies suggested that the immunomodulatory activity of MSCs is largely mediated by paracrine factors. Among which, exosome is considered to play a major role in the communication between MSCs and target tissue. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of MSCs-derived exosome on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), especially T cells. We find that the MSCs-derived exosome extracted from healthy donors' bone marrow suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and IL-1β, but increased the concentration of anti-inflammatory factor TGF-β during in vitro culture. In addition, exosome may induce conversion of T helper type 1 (Th1) into T helper type 2 (Th2) cells and reduced potential of T cells to differentiate into interleukin 17-producing effector T cells (Th17). Moreover, the level of regulatory T cells (Treg) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 were also increased. These results suggested that MSC-derived exosome possesses the immunomodulatory properties. However, it showed no effects on the proliferation of PBMCs or CD3+ T cells, but increases the apoptosis of them. In addition, indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) was previously shown to mediate the immunoregulation of MSCs, which was increased in PBMCs co-cultured with MSCs. In our study, IDO showed no significant changes in PBMCs exposed to MSCs-derived exosome. We conclude that exosome and MSCs might differ in their immune-modulating activities and mechanisms.
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Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Actions. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:2489041. [PMID: 29362567 PMCID: PMC5738548 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2489041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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14
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Mao F, Tu Q, Wang L, Chu F, Li X, Li HS, Xu W. Mesenchymal stem cells and their therapeutic applications in inflammatory bowel disease. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38008-38021. [PMID: 28402942 PMCID: PMC5514968 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells that facilitate tissue regeneration through mechanisms involving self-renewal and differentiation, supporting angiogenesis and tissue cell survival, and limiting inflammation. MSCs were originally identified and expanded in long-term cultures of cells from bone marrow and other organs; and their native identity was recently confined into pericytes and adventitial cells in vascularized tissue. The multipotency, as well as the trophic and immunosuppressive effects, of MSCs have prompted the rapid development of clinical applications for many diseases involving tissue inflammation and immune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease. Although standard criteria have been established to define MSCs, their therapeutic efficacy has varied significantly among studies due to their natural heterogenicity. Thus, understanding the biological and immunological features of MSCs is critical to standardize and optimize MSCs-based therapy. In this review, we highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in MSCs-mediated tissue repair and immunosuppression. We also provide an update on the current development of MSCs-based clinical trials, with a detailed discussion of MSC-based cell therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Tu
- Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fuliang Chu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Yantai Affiliated Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan S. Li
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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15
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Mesenchymal stromal cells as multifunctional cellular therapeutics – a potential role for extracellular vesicles. Transfus Apher Sci 2016; 55:62-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Factors Promote Tissue Repair in a Small-for-Size Ischemic Liver Model but Do Not Protect against Early Effects of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:202975. [PMID: 26380314 PMCID: PMC4561317 DOI: 10.1155/2015/202975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of liver mass and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are major contributors to postresectional liver failure and small-for-size syndrome. Mesenchymal stromal cell- (MSC-) secreted factors are described to stimulate regeneration after partial hepatectomy. This study investigates if liver-derived MSC-secreted factors also promote liver regeneration after resection in the presence of IRI.
C57BL/6 mice underwent IRI of 70% of their liver mass, alone or combined with 50% partial hepatectomy (PH). Mice were treated with MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or unconditioned medium (UM) and sacrificed after 6 or 24 hours (IRI group) or after 48 hours (IRI + PH group). Blood and liver tissue were analyzed for tissue injury, hepatocyte proliferation, and gene expression. In the IRI alone model, serum ALT and AST levels, hepatic tissue damage, and inflammatory cytokine gene expression showed no significant differences between both treatment groups. In the IRI + PH model, significant reduction in hepatic tissue damage as well as a significant increase in hepatocyte proliferation was observed after MSC-CM treatment. Conclusion. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived factors promote tissue regeneration of small-for-size livers exposed to ischemic conditions but do not protect against early ischemia and reperfusion injury itself. MSC-derived factors therefore represent a promising treatment strategy for small-for-size syndrome and postresectional liver failure.
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17
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Ciccocioppo R, Cangemi GC, Kruzliak P, Gallia A, Betti E, Badulli C, Martinetti M, Cervio M, Pecci A, Bozzi V, Dionigi P, Visai L, Gurrado A, Alvisi C, Picone C, Monti M, Bernardo ME, Gobbi P, Corazza GR. Ex vivo immunosuppressive effects of mesenchymal stem cells on Crohn's disease mucosal T cells are largely dependent on indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity and cell-cell contact. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015. [PMID: 26206376 PMCID: PMC4529692 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Crohn’s disease (CD) is a disabling chronic enteropathy sustained by a harmful T-cell response toward antigens of the gut microbiota in genetically susceptible subjects. Growing evidence highlights the safety and possible efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a new therapeutic tool for this condition. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of bone marrow-derived MSCs on pathogenic T cells with a view to clinical application. Methods T-cell lines from both inflamed and non-inflamed colonic mucosal specimens of CD patients and from healthy mucosa of control subjects were grown with the antigen muramyl-dipeptide in the absence or presence of donors’ MSCs. The MSC effects were evaluated in terms of T-cell viability, apoptotic rate, proliferative response, immunophenotype, and cytokine profile. The role of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was established by adding a specific inhibitor, the 1-methyl-DL-tryptophan, and by using MSCs transfected with the small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting IDO. The relevance of cell-cell contact was evaluated by applying transwell membranes. Results A significant reduction in both cell viability and proliferative response to muramyl-dipeptide, with simultaneous increase in the apoptotic rate, was found in T cells from both inflamed and non-inflamed CD mucosa when co-cultured with MSCs and was reverted by inhibiting IDO activity and expression. A reduction of the activated CD4+CD25+ subset and increase of the CD3+CD69+ population were also observed when T-cell lines from CD mucosa were co-cultured with MSCs. In parallel, an inhibitory effect was evident on the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-17A and -21, whereas that of the transforming growth factor-β and interleukin-6 were increased, and production of the tolerogenic molecule soluble HLA-G was high. These latter effects were almost completely eliminated by blocking the IDO, whose activity was upregulated in MSCs co-cultured with CD T cells. The use of a semipermeable membrane partially inhibited the MSC immunosuppressive effects. Finally, hardly any effects of MSCs were observed when T cells obtained from control subjects were used. Conclusion MSCs exert potent immunomodulant effects on antigen-specific T cells in CD through a complex paracrine and cell-cell contact-mediated action, which may be exploited for widespread therapeutic use. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0122-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy. .,Centre for the Study and Cure of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinica Medica I, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina C Cangemi
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, Brno, 656 91, Czech Republic.
| | - Alessandra Gallia
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Elena Betti
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Carla Badulli
- Servizio di Immunogenetica, Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Miryam Martinetti
- Servizio di Immunogenetica, Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Marila Cervio
- Servizio di Immunogenetica, Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Pecci
- Clinica Medica III, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Valeria Bozzi
- Clinica Medica III, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dionigi
- Chirurgia Generale I, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Livia Visai
- Dipartimento di Medicina Occupazionale, Ergonomia e Disabilità, Laboratorio di Nanotecnologia, Fondazione IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri, Università di Pavia, Via Maugeri 8-10, Pavia, 27100, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Centro di Ingegneria Tissutale, INSTM UdR Pavia, Università di Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Antonella Gurrado
- Laboratori di Oncoematologia Pediatrica, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Costanza Alvisi
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Cristina Picone
- Laboratorio di Ematologia, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Manuela Monti
- Centro di Ricerca di Medicina Rigenerativa, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Maria E Bernardo
- Dipartimento di Onco-Ematologia Pediatrica e Medicina Trasfusionale, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Via Sant'Onofrio 4, Rome, 00165, Italy.
| | - Paolo Gobbi
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
| | - Gino R Corazza
- Clinica Medica I, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Università di Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy. .,Centre for the Study and Cure of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Clinica Medica I, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi 19, Pavia, 27100, Italy.
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