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Schweiger P, Hamann L, Strobel J, Weisbach V, Wandersee A, Christ J, Kehl S, Weidenthaler F, Antoniadis S, Hackstein H, Cunningham S. Functional Heterogeneity of Umbilical Cord Blood Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:115-124. [PMID: 38809115 PMCID: PMC11215632 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a unique resource for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children and patients lacking suitable donors. UCB harbors a diverse set of leukocytes such as professional APCs, including monocytes, that could act as a novel source for cellular therapies. However, the immunological properties of UCB monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) are not fully characterized. In this study, we characterized the phenotype and functions of UCB-MoDCs to gauge their potential for future applications. UCB exhibited higher frequencies of platelets and lymphocytes as well as lower frequencies of neutrophils in comparison with adult whole blood. Leukocyte subset evaluation revealed significantly lower frequencies of granulocytes, NK cells, and CD14+CD16- monocytes. Surface marker evaluation revealed significantly lower rates of costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 while chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4, as well as markers for Ag presentation, were similarly expressed. UCB-MoDCs were sensitive to TLR1-9 stimulation and presented quantitative differences in the release of proinflammatory cytokines. UCB-MoDCs presented functional CCR7-, CXCR4-, and CCR5-associated migratory behavior as well as adequate receptor- and micropinocytosis-mediated Ag uptake. When cocultured with allogeneic T lymphocytes, UCB-MoDCs induced weak CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, CD71 expression, and release of IFN-γ and IL-2. Taken together, UCB-MoDCs present potentially advantageous properties for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Schweiger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Livia Hamann
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Strobel
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Weisbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Wandersee
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Christ
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Kehl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Filip Weidenthaler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophia Antoniadis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Cunningham
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Haemostaseology, Friedrich–Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Cheng H, Huang H, Guo Z, Chang Y, Li Z. Role of prostaglandin E2 in tissue repair and regeneration. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:8836-8854. [PMID: 34522214 PMCID: PMC8419039 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration following injury from disease or medical treatment still represents a challenge in regeneration medicine. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which involves diverse physiological processes via E-type prostanoid (EP) receptor family, favors the regeneration of various organ systems following injury for its capabilities such as activation of endogenous stem cells, immune regulation, and angiogenesis. Understanding how PGE2 modulates tissue regeneration and then exploring how to elevate the regenerative efficiency of PGE2 will provide key insights into the tissue repair and regeneration processes by PGE2. In this review, we summarized the application of PGE2 to guide the regeneration of different tissues, including skin, heart, liver, kidney, intestine, bone, skeletal muscle, and hematopoietic stem cell regeneration. Moreover, we introduced PGE2-based therapeutic strategies to accelerate the recovery of impaired tissue or organs, including 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) inhibitors boosting endogenous PGE2 levels and biomaterial scaffolds to control PGE2 release.
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Anh BV, Thao CT, Cuong PT, Thuy NTT, Diem HH, Van Khanh BT, Hue BTH, Uyen TTT, Tu ND, Hoai TTT, Thanh NL, Liem NT, Nhung HTM. Vγ9γδ T Cell Induction by Human Umbilical Cord Blood Monocytes-Derived, Interferon-α-Stimulated Dendritic Cells. Cancer Control 2021; 27:1073274820974025. [PMID: 33222507 PMCID: PMC7791440 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820974025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that activate T
cells to kill cancer cells. The extracellular products of DCs have also been
reported to perform the same function. In this study, we examined the in
vitro differentiation of umbilical cord blood monocytes into DCs in
the presence of GM-CSF, and interferon (IFN)-α. The resulting DC population
(called IFN-DCs) were then matured in the presence of TNF-α, and pulsed with
total protein extracted from A549 cancer cell line. The pulsed DCs and their
conditioned medium were then used to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes (alloLym).
The proliferation and cytotoxicity of alloLym were then determined. The results
showed that after 5 days of differentiation, the stimulated monocytes had the
typical morphology and characteristic surface markers of DCs. Both unpulsed and
pulsed IFN-DCs can induce the proliferation of alloLym, especially Vγ9γδ T
cells. The conditioned medium from pulsed and unpulsed IFN-DCs culture also
prompted the growth of Vγ9γδ T cells. Moreover, alloLym stimulated with pulsed
DCs and their conditioned medium had a greater cytotoxic effect on A549 cells
than the ones that were not stimulated. Our results indicated that IFN-DCs and
their conditioned medium could induce the anti-tumor immunity in
vitro, providing evidence for application of cord blood
monocytes-derived, interferon-α- stimulated dendritic cells and their
extracellular products in anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Viet Anh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chu Thi Thao
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Thi Cuong
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thu Thuy
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Huong Diem
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Van Khanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Thi Hong Hue
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Than Thi Trang Uyen
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Dac Tu
- Vinmec Hightech Center, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Lai Thanh
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Liem
- Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam.,College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vin homes Ocean Park, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Thi My Nhung
- VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Vinmec Research Institute of Stem cells and Gene Technology, Vinmec Healthcare system, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Cord-Blood-Derived Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells: Functions and Applications in Current and Prospective Cell Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115923. [PMID: 34072923 PMCID: PMC8199409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents a valuable source of hematopoietic stem cells, particularly for patients lacking a matching donor. UCB provides practical advantages, including a lower risk of graft-versus-host-disease and permissive human leukocyte antigen mismatching. These advantageous properties have so far been applied for stem cell, mesenchymal stromal cell, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies. However, UCB-derived professional antigen-presenting cells are increasingly being utilized in the context of immune tolerance and regenerative therapy. Here, we review the cell-specific characteristics as well as recent advancements in UCB-based cell therapies focusing on dendritic cells, monocytes, B lymphocytes, innate lymphoid cells, and macrophages.
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Yu ZP, Ding JH, Sun AN, Chen BA, Ge Z, Wu DP. A New Conditioning Regimen Can Significantly Promote Post-Transplant Immune Reconstitution and Improve the Outcome of Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation for Patients. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:1376-1383. [PMID: 31464164 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study included data from 81 consecutively enrolled patients with hematological diseases who had been treated with unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) between September 2014 and April 2019. All patients received intense conditioning regimens with combined fludarabine and high-dose cyclophosphamide (FC) before undergoing UCBT. Sixty-seven patients received a single UCBT, and 14 patients received a double UCBT. Fifty patients were pretreated with the fludarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (FBC) protocol, while 31 patients were treated with FC before transplantation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was prevented with cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil administration. According to low-resolution, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) donor-recipient matching at six sites, 53 patients had 5-6 matches, while 28 patients had 4 matches. Seventy-eight patients (96.3%) achieved complete engraftment in this study. Thirty-six patients developed acute GVHD (aGVHD). The cumulative incidence of grade I-II aGVHD at day 100 posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 29.6%, and the cumulative incidence of grade III-IV aGVHD was 14.8%. At the end of the follow-up, 12 patients died due to treatment-related complications, and 4 died of disease relapse after transplantation. The transplant-related deaths were due to transplant-related infection (8 of 81), GVHD (2 of 81), and organ toxicity (2 of 81). The probability of overall survival (OS) was 80.2%. A higher dose of cyclophosphamide combined with fludarabine conditioning in UCBT was an effective curative method for treatment of hematologic disorders and could enhance the engraftment of umbilical cord blood stem cells, promote post-transplant immune reconstitution, and improve OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Hua Ding
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Ning Sun
- Hematology Division, Soochow University Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Bao-An Chen
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Ge
- Department of Hematology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - De-Pei Wu
- Hematology Division, Soochow University Affiliated No 1 People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
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Kwoczek J, Riese SB, Tischer S, Bak S, Lahrberg J, Oelke M, Maul H, Blasczyk R, Sauer M, Eiz-Vesper B. Cord blood-derived T cells allow the generation of a more naïve tumor-reactive cytotoxic T-cell phenotype. Transfusion 2017; 58:88-99. [PMID: 29023759 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from peripheral blood (PB) or cord blood (CB) is well established. HSCs from CB are associated with a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but antigen-independent expanded CB- and PB-derived T cells can induce GVHD in allo-HSC recipients. CB-derived cells might be more suitable for adoptive immunotherapy as they have unique T-cell characteristics. Here, we describe functional differences between CB and PB T cells stimulated with different cytokine combinations involved in central T-cell activation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Isolated CD8+ T cells from CB and PB were stimulated antigen independently with anti-CD3/CD28 stimulator beads or in an antigen-dependent manner with artificial antigen-presenting cells loaded with the HLA-A*02:01-restricted peptide of tumor-associated melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (MART1). CB and PB T cells cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)-7, IL-15, IL-12, and IL-21 were characterized for T-cell phenotype and specificity, that is, by CD107a, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-2 expression. RESULTS After antigen-independent stimulation, activated CD8+ CB T cells exhibited stronger proliferation and function than those from PB. After antigenic stimulation, MART1-reactive CB T cells were naïve (CD45RA+CCR7+), cytotoxic, and highly variable in expressing homing marker CD62L. Addition of IL-21 resulted in increased T-cell proliferation, whereas supplementation with IL-12 decreased IL-21-induced expansion, but increased the functionality and cytotoxicity of CB and PB T cells. CONCLUSION MART1-reactive CB T cells with a more naïve phenotype and improved properties for homing can be generated. The results contribute to better understanding the effects on GVHD and graft versus tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Kwoczek
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian B Riese
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tischer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Szilvia Bak
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Lahrberg
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Oelke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,NexImmune, Inc, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Holger Maul
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Marienkrankenhaus, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Sauer
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center Transplantation (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Jurado-Manzano BB, Zavala-Reyes D, Turrubiartes-Martínez EA, Portales-Pérez DP, González-Amaro R, Layseca-Espinosa E. FICZ generates human tDCs that induce CD4 + CD25 high Foxp3 + Treg-like cell differentiation. Immunol Lett 2017; 190:84-92. [PMID: 28765071 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in the maintenance of immune homeostasis, their participation as professional antigen presenting cells is essential to the initiation of the adaptive immune response as well as to the induction of tolerance. The recently described role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in the immune system, particularly in the modulation of the adaptive immune response has attracted the attention as a potential player in the induction of immune tolerance. However, the effects of AhR activation through endogenous ligands on human DCs have been poorly evaluated. In this study, we investigated the effect of FICZ, a natural AhR ligand, on monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) from healthy subjects. We found that the activation of AhR through FICZ during DCs differentiation and maturation processes resulted in a decreased expression of CD83, an increased expression of the enzyme IDO and a reduced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. More importantly, FICZ-treated DCs were able to induce the differentiation of naive T lymphocytes into CD4+ CD25high Foxp3+ T reg-like cells. Our results show that the activation of the AhR on human DCs induces a tolerogenic phenotype with potential implications in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda B Jurado-Manzano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Daniel Zavala-Reyes
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Edgar A Turrubiartes-Martínez
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic, Faculty of Chemical Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Diana P Portales-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Science, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Amaro
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Esther Layseca-Espinosa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico; Research Center of Health Sciences and Biomedicine (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
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Kim SK, Yun CH, Han SH. Induction of Dendritic Cell Maturation and Activation by a Potential Adjuvant, 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin. Front Immunol 2016; 7:435. [PMID: 27812358 PMCID: PMC5071323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) is a chemically modified cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch that is commonly used as an excipient. Although HP-β-CD has been suggested as a potential adjuvant for vaccines, its immunological properties and mechanism of action have yet to be characterized. In the present study, we investigated the maturation and activation of human dendritic cells (DCs) treated with HP-β-CD. We found that DCs stimulated with HP-β-CD exhibited a remarkable upregulation of costimulatory molecules, MHC proteins, and PD-L1/L2. In addition, the production of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10, was modestly increased in DCs when treated with HP-β-CD. Furthermore, HP-β-CD-sensitized DCs markedly induced the proliferation and activation of autologous T lymphocytes. HP-β-CD also induced a lipid raft formation in DCs. In contrast, filipin, a lipid raft inhibitor, attenuated HP-β-CD-induced DC maturation, the cytokine expression, and the T lymphocyte-stimulating activities. To determine the in vivo relevance of the results, we investigated the adjuvanticity of HP-β-CD and the modulation of DCs in a mouse footpad immunization model. When mice were immunized with ovalbumin in the presence of HP-β-CD through a hind footpad, serum ovalbumin-specific antibodies were markedly elevated. Concomitantly, DC populations expressing CD11c and MHC class II were increased in the draining lymph nodes, and the expression of costimulatory molecules was upregulated. Collectively, our data suggest that HP-β-CD induces phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs mainly mediated through lipid raft formation, which might mediate the adjuvanticity of HP-β-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kyung Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University , Seoul , South Korea
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Van Pham P, Vu BT, Pham VQ, Le PM, Le HT, Phan NK. Production of dendritic cells and cytokine-induced killer cells from banked umbilical cord blood samples. BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2015. [DOI: 10.7603/s40730-015-0028-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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