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Al-Nashash H, Wong KL, ALL AH. Hypothermia effects on neuronal plasticity post spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301430. [PMID: 38578715 PMCID: PMC10997101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SCI is a time-sensitive debilitating neurological condition without treatment options. Although the central nervous system is not programmed for effective endogenous repairs or regeneration, neuroplasticity partially compensates for the dysfunction consequences of SCI. OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS The purpose of our study is to investigate whether early induction of hypothermia impacts neuronal tissue compensatory mechanisms. Our hypothesis is that although neuroplasticity happens within the neuropathways, both above (forelimbs) and below (hindlimbs) the site of spinal cord injury (SCI), hypothermia further influences the upper limbs' SSEP signals, even when the SCI is mid-thoracic. STUDY DESIGN A total of 30 male and female adult rats are randomly assigned to four groups (n = 7): sham group, control group undergoing only laminectomy, injury group with normothermia (37°C), and injury group with hypothermia (32°C +/-0.5°C). METHODS The NYU-Impactor is used to induce mid-thoracic (T8) moderate (12.5 mm) midline contusive injury in rats. Somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) is an objective and non-invasive procedure to assess the functionality of selective neuropathways. SSEP monitoring of baseline, and on days 4 and 7 post-SCI are performed. RESULTS Statistical analysis shows that there are significant differences between the SSEP signal amplitudes recorded when stimulating either forelimb in the group of rats with normothermia compared to the rats treated with 2h of hypothermia on day 4 (left forelimb, p = 0.0417 and right forelimb, p = 0.0012) and on day 7 (left forelimb, p = 0.0332 and right forelimb, p = 0.0133) post-SCI. CONCLUSION Our results show that the forelimbs SSEP signals from the two groups of injuries with and without hypothermia have statistically significant differences on days 4 and 7. This indicates the neuroprotective effect of early hypothermia and its influences on stimulating further the neuroplasticity within the upper limbs neural network post-SCI. Timely detection of neuroplasticity and identifying the endogenous and exogenous factors have clinical applications in planning a more effective rehabilitation and functional electrical stimulation (FES) interventions in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Al-Nashash
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Angelo H. ALL
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Chen Y, Qin H, Zheng L. Research progress on RNA−binding proteins in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:974523. [PMID: 36059653 PMCID: PMC9433872 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.974523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and has a high incidence rate and mortality. Abnormal regulation of gene expression plays an important role in breast cancer occurrence and development. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are one kind of the key regulators for gene expression. By interacting with RNA, RBPs are widely involved in RNA cutting, transport, editing, intracellular localization, and translation regulation. RBPs are important during breast cancer occurrence and progression by engaging in many aspects, like proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the role of RBPs in breast cancer progression can facilitate early diagnosis, timely treatment, and long-term survival and quality of life of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Hai Qin,
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lufeng Zheng, ; Hai Qin,
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Xie Y, Wu C, Li Z, Wu Z, Hong L. Early Gonadal Development and Sex Determination in Mammal. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147500. [PMID: 35886859 PMCID: PMC9323860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex determination is crucial for the transmission of genetic information through generations. In mammal, this process is primarily regulated by an antagonistic network of sex-related genes beginning in embryonic development and continuing throughout life. Nonetheless, abnormal expression of these sex-related genes will lead to reproductive organ and germline abnormalities, resulting in disorders of sex development (DSD) and infertility. On the other hand, it is possible to predetermine the sex of animal offspring by artificially regulating sex-related gene expression, a recent research hotspot. In this paper, we reviewed recent research that has improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of the gonad and primordial germ cells (PGCs), progenitors of the germline, to provide new directions for the treatment of DSD and infertility, both of which involve manipulating the sex ratio of livestock offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanshe Xie
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Changhua Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zicong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhenfang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Linjun Hong
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China; (Y.X.); (C.W.); (Z.L.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (L.H.)
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4
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Zhou Z, Yin H, Suye S, Zhu F, Cai H, Fu C. The changes of DNA double-strand breaks and DNA repair during ovarian reserve formation in mice. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100603. [PMID: 35026551 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is crucial to maintain genomic stability for sufficient ovarian reserve. It remains unknown the changes of DSBs formation and DNA repair in germ cells during ovarian reserve formation in FVB/N mice. We demonstrated germ cell numbers increased significantly (all P < 0.05) from E11.5 to E13.5 and decreased significantly (all P> 0.05) until P2. OCT4 and SOX2 analyses indicated pluripotency peaks at E13.5 then decreases significantly (all P 0.05) until P2. γH2AX analyses revealed DSB formation significantly (P < 0.05) increased from E13.5 until P2. RAD51 and DMC1 data revealed homologous recombination (HR) pathway repair of DSBs is persistent active during meiosis (E13.5- P2) (all P> 0.05). 53BP1 and KU70 data indicate the non-homologous end-joining pathway (NHEJ) remains active during meiosis. 53BP1 expression was highest at E13.5 (P < 0.05). KU70 expression was higher in germ cells from E15.5 to P2 (all < P 0.05). PH3 and KI67 analyses revealed germ cell proliferation was not significantly different (all P> 0.05) from E13.5 to P2. Caspase-3 and TUNEL analyses showed germ cells apoptosis was not significantly different (all P > 0.05) from E13.5 to P2. In conclusion, we found both germ cell number and pluripotency peak at E13.5 and decline during meiosis. We demonstrated HR and NHEJ continually repair DSBs during meiosis. RAD51 and DMC1 are continuously expressed during meiosis. 53BP1 is mainly expressed at E13.5. KU70 continually functions from E15.5 to P2. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were rarely detected during meiosis. Results provide a basis for further study of how DSBs and DNA repair affect germ cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Huan Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Suye Suye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Haiyi Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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Divergent roles for KLF4 and TFCP2L1 in naive ground state pluripotency and human primordial germ cell development. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102493. [PMID: 34399163 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryo development, human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) express a naive gene expression program with similarities to pre-implantation naive epiblast (EPI) cells and naive human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Previous studies have shown that TFAP2C is required for establishing naive gene expression in these cell types, however the role of additional naive transcription factors in hPGC biology is not known. Here, we show that unlike TFAP2C, the naive transcription factors KLF4 and TFCP2L1 are not required for induction of hPGC-like cells (hPGCLCs) from hESCs, and they have no role in establishing and maintaining a naive-like gene expression program in hPGCLCs with extended time in culture. Taken together, our results suggest a model whereby the molecular mechanisms that drive naive gene expression in hPGCs/hPGCLCs are distinct from those in the naive EPI/hESCs.
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Zuo Q, Jin K, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen G, Li B. BMP4 activates the Wnt- Lin28A- Blimp1-Wnt pathway to promote primordial germ cell formation via altering H3K4me2. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs249375. [PMID: 33443086 PMCID: PMC7875490 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.249375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique developmental characteristics of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) enable them to be used in recovery of endangered bird species, gene editing and the generation of transgenic birds, but the limited number of PGCs greatly limits their application. Studies have shown that the formation of mammalian PGCs is induced by BMP4 signal, but the mechanism underlying chicken PGC formation has not been determined. Here, we confirmed that Wnt signaling activated via BMP4 activates transcription of Lin28A by inducing β-catenin to compete with LSD1 for binding to TCF7L2, causing LSD1 to dissociate from the Lin28A promoter and enhancing H3K4me2 methylation in this region. Lin28A promotes PGC formation by inhibiting gga-let7a-3p maturation to initiate Blimp1 expression. Interestingly, expression of Blimp1 helped sustain Wnt5A expression by preventing LSD1 binding to the Wnt5A promoter. We thus elucidated a positive feedback pathway involving Wnt-Lin28A-Blimp1-Wnt that ensures PGC formation. In summary, our data provide new insight into the development of PGCs in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Bichun Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding Reproduction and Molecular Design for Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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7
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Liu Y, Wang D, Zhou M, Chen H, Wang H, Min J, Chen J, Wu S, Ni X, Zhang Y, Gong A, Xu M. The KRAS/Lin28B axis maintains stemness of pancreatic cancer cells via the let-7i/TET3 pathway. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:262-278. [PMID: 33107691 PMCID: PMC7782082 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that Lin28B plays critical roles in numerous biological processes including cell proliferation and stemness maintenance. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Lin28B nuclear translocation remain poorly understood. Here, we found for the first time that KRAS promoted Lin28B nuclear translocation through PKCβ, which directly bound to and phosphorylated Lin28B at S243. Firstly, we observed that Lin28B was upregulated in pancreatic cancer, contributing to cellular migration and proliferation. Furthermore, nuclear Lin28B upregulated TET3 messenger RNA and protein levels by blocking the production of mature let‐7i. Subsequently, increased TET3 expression could also promote the expression of Lin28B, thereby forming a Lin28B/let‐7i/TET3 feedback loop. Our results suggest that the KRAS/Lin28B axis drives the let‐7i/TET3 pathway to maintain the stemness of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings illuminate the distinct mechanism of Lin28B nuclear translocation and its important roles in KRAS‐driven pancreatic cancer, and have important implications for development of novel therapeutic strategies for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Min
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shuhui Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiufan Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Youli Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Kerr CL, Bol GM, Vesuna F, Raman V. Targeting RNA helicase DDX3 in stem cell maintenance and teratoma formation. Genes Cancer 2019; 10:11-20. [PMID: 30899416 PMCID: PMC6420792 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DDX3 is an RNA helicase that has antiapoptotic properties, and promotes proliferation and transformation. Besides the role of DDX3 in transformed cells, there is evidence to indicate that DDX3 expression is at its highest levels during early embryonic development and is also expressed in germ cells of adults. Even though there is a distinct pattern of DDX3 expression during embryonic development and in adults, very little is known regarding its role in embryonic stem cells and pluripotency. In this work, we examined the relationship between DDX3 and human embryonic stem cells and its differentiated lineages. DDX3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in human embryonic stem cells and embryonal carcinoma cells. From the data obtained, it was evident that DDX3 was overexpressed in undifferentiated stem cells compared to differentiated cells. Moreover, when DDX3 expression was abrogated in multiple stem cells, proliferation was decreased, but differentiation was facilitated. Importantly, this resulted in reduced potency to induce teratoma formation. Taken together, these findings indicate a distinct role for DDX3 in stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace L Kerr
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guus M Bol
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Farhad Vesuna
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Venu Raman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hu J, Zhao Q, Feng Y, Li N, Gu Y, Sun R, Duan L, Wu Y, Shan Z, Lei L. Embryonic germ cell extracts erase imprinted genes and improve the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10955. [PMID: 30026469 PMCID: PMC6053380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to be useful in the treatment of human diseases. While prior studies have reported multiple methods to generate iPSCs, DNA methylation continues to limit the totipotency and reprogramming efficiency of iPSCs. Here, we first show the competency of embryonic germ cells (EGCs) as a reprogramming catalyst capable of effectively promoting reprogramming induced by four defined factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. Combining EGC extracts with these four factors resulted in formation of more embryonic stem cell-like colonies than did factors alone. Notably, expression of imprinted genes was higher with combined induction than with factors alone. Moreover, iPSCs derived from the combined inductors tended to have more global hypomethylation. Our research not only provides evidence that EGC extracts could activate DNA demethylation and reprogram imprinted genes, but also establishes a new way to enhance reprogramming of iPSCs, which remains a critical safety concern for potential use of iPSCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Qiaoshi Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Gu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Ruizhen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P. R. China.
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Parameswaran S, Krishnakumar S. Pluripotent stem cells: A therapeutic source for age-related macular degeneration. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017; 65:177-183. [PMID: 28440245 PMCID: PMC5426121 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1026_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) leads to progressive loss of central vision in the elderly. At a cellular level, there is aging of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and accumulation of lipofuscin that interferes with the proper functioning of RPE which eventually leads to apoptosis. Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. Wet AMD which has neovascularization is managed by local therapies such as laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy and is managed with injections of antivascular endothelial growth factor-based therapy. Unlike the wet AMD, an effective therapy does not exist for dry AMD and geographic atrophy. Cell replacement therapy has shown promise. This review discusses the opportunities in the various types of cell-based therapy, their limitations, and what is possible for India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Parameswaran
- L and T Ophthalmic Pathology, Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramanian Krishnakumar
- L and T Ophthalmic Pathology, Radheshyam Kanoi Stem Cell Laboratory, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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von Eyben FE, Jensen MB, Høyer S. Frequency and Markers of Precursor Lesions and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2017; 16:S1558-7673(17)30265-3. [PMID: 29037766 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization classification of urologic cancer 2016 describes 3 noninvasive precursor lesions for testicular germ cell tumor type II (TGCT) of young adults. Germ cell neoplasia in situ is the initial precursor lesion. Intratubular seminoma (ITSE), and intratubular embryonal carcinoma (ITEC) are 2 intermediate precursor lesions. Microinvasive testicular germ cell tumor (MGCT) is an invasive precursor lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a retrospective study of testes obtained using orchiectomy for TGCT and examined precursor lesions. The examinations included immunohistochemical staining of the precursor lesions for octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), CD117, and CD30. We examined 63 consecutive and evaluable patients. RESULTS Of the patients, 44 had seminoma and 19 had a nonseminomatous TGCT. MGCT was more frequent than ITSE (P = .002; χ2 test). None of the testes had ITEC. Immunohistochemistry showed that 72 of 77 precursor lesions (93%) stained positive for OCT4 and CD117 and negative for CD30. The pattern represents a seminomatous immunophenotype. A meta-analysis of the published studies regarding precursor lesions included 1007 patients. Overall, the pooled rate of ITSE was 29% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18%-40%) and the pooled rate of MGCT was 21% (95% CI, 15%-27%). CONCLUSION MGCT is a frequent intermediate precursor lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Søren Høyer
- Institute of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Ren F, Yu S, Chen R, Lv X, Pan C. Identification of a novel 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) of iPS-related Oct4 gene and its association with reproductive traits in male piglets. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:55-60. [PMID: 28139300 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As a key factor of cellular reprogramming, Oct4 is one of vital transcription factors for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Loss of its function or deletion causes apoptosis in primordial germ cells (PGCs), which affect reproductive traits in mammals. In this study, a novel 12-bp insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphism (NC_010449:g.2759-2760insGGTTTTTGTCTA) within the Oct4 gene was identified in 442 pigs of Large White (LW) and Landrace (LD) breeds, showing three genotypes designated as II, ID, and DD. The frequencies of allele "I" in LW and LD pigs were 0.587 and 0.648, respectively. The male piglets with homozygous II or DD genotypes of Oct4 gene exhibited better reproductive traits than those with heterozygous ID genotype. Moreover, there were two significant associations between this 12-bp indel polymorphism and testis long circumference (TLC) (P=0.005) and testis short girth (TSG) (P=0.003) as well as 15-day testis weight (TW) (P=0.013) in the LW male piglets. These findings suggest that the 12-bp indel polymorphism of the Oct4 gene might be a potential DNA marker for selecting preferred individuals in relation to reproductive traits in pig marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding, which could contribute to the breeding and genetics in male piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyan Lv
- National Swine Foundation Seed Farm of Ankang Yangchen Modern Agriculture Group Co. Ltd, Ankang, 725000 PR China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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13
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H19/let-7/LIN28 reciprocal negative regulatory circuit promotes breast cancer stem cell maintenance. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2569. [PMID: 28102845 PMCID: PMC5386357 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA-H19 (H19), an imprinted oncofetal gene, has a central role in carcinogenesis. Hitherto, the mechanism by which H19 regulates cancer stem cells, remains elusive. Here we show that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) express high levels of H19, and ectopic overexpression of H19 significantly promotes breast cancer cell clonogenicity, migration and mammosphere-forming ability. Conversely, silencing of H19 represses these BCSC properties. In concordance, knockdown of H19 markedly inhibits tumor growth and suppresses tumorigenesis in nude mice. Mechanistically, we found that H19 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge miRNA let-7, leading to an increase in expression of a let-7 target, the core pluripotency factor LIN28, which is enriched in BCSC populations and breast patient samples. Intriguingly, this gain of LIN28 expression can also feedback to reverse the H19 loss-mediated suppression of BCSC properties. Our data also reveal that LIN28 blocks mature let-7 production and, thereby, de-represses H19 expression in breast cancer cells. Appropriately, H19 and LIN28 expression exhibits strong correlations in primary breast carcinomas. Collectively, these findings reveal that lncRNA H19, miRNA let-7 and transcriptional factor LIN28 form a double-negative feedback loop, which has a critical role in the maintenance of BCSCs. Consequently, disrupting this pathway provides a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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14
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Wei Y, Fang J, Cai S, Lv C, Zhang S, Hua J. Primordial germ cell-like cells derived from canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:503-11. [PMID: 27374854 PMCID: PMC6496567 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies have shown that adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) share the potency of typical bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, there is little information concerning characteristics of canine AMSCs (CAMSCs); it has not previously been made clear whether CAMSCs would be able to differentiate into other cell types. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, typical AMSC lines were established, and their characteristics including morphology, typical markers and differentiation potentiality were tested. RESULTS The cells exhibited typical MSC morphology and were positive for CD90, CD44 and CD166, considered to be MSCs surface markers. They were negative for CD34 and CD45. The CAMSCs also exhibited embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers, including Oct4 and Sox2, at passage 2. In an appropriate microenvironment, CAMSCs differentiated into EBs and were able to produce cells of the three germ layers. These results indicate that established cells were putative adipocyte-derived MSCs, which also displayed properties of ESCs. Moreover, when the CAMSCs were induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), they differentiated into PGC-like cells (PGCLCs) and male germ-like cells, which were positive for PR domain-containing 1 (Prdm1), PR domain-containing 14 (Prdm14), doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor (Dmrt1), as well as for promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (Plzf). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting analysis verified higher expression levels of these markers. CONCLUSION This study provides an efficient approach to study germ cell development using CAMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Wei
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
| | - Jia Fang
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
| | - Shufang Cai
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
| | - Changrong Lv
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary MedicineShaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling Shaanxi 712100China
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15
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Prasad A, Manivannan J, Loong DTB, Chua SM, Gharibani PM, All AH. A review of induced pluripotent stem cell, direct conversion by trans-differentiation, direct reprogramming and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Regen Med 2016; 11:181-91. [DOI: 10.2217/rme.16.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid progress in the field of stem cell therapy and cellular reprogramming provides convincing evidence of its feasibility in treating a wide range of pathologies through autologous cell replacement therapy. This review article describes in detail on three widely used approaches of somatic cell reprogramming: induced pluripotent stem cells, direct conversion and direct reprogramming, in the context of demyelination in the CNS. The potential limitations of each reprogramming technique are reviewed along with their distinct molecular approach to reprogramming. This is followed by an analysis on the scopes and challenges of its translational applications in deriving oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes for cell replacement treatment of demyelinating conditions in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankshita Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janani Manivannan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel TB Loong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo M Chua
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Payam M Gharibani
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angelo H All
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Neurotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nuerology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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