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Nie S, Zhang W, Jin X, Li X, Sun S, Zhao Y, Jia Q, Li L, Liu Y, Liu D, Gao Q. Genetic Screening of Haploid Neural Stem Cells Reveals that Nfkbia and Atp2b4 are Key Regulators of Oxidative Stress in Neural Precursors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309292. [PMID: 38666459 PMCID: PMC11304298 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are expected to become the leading cause of death in the next decade. Although little is known about it, the interaction between oxidative stress and inflammation is harmful to the nervous system. To find an advanced tool for neural genetics, mouse haploid neural stem cells (haNSCs) from the somite of chimeric mouse embryos at E8.5 is established. The haNSCs present a haploid neural progenitor identity for long-term culture, promising to robustly differentiate into neural subtypes and being able to form cerebral organoids efficiently. Thereafter, haNSC mutants via a high-throughput approach and screened targets of oxidative stress is generated using the specific mutant library. Deletion of Nfkbia (the top hit among the insertion mutants) reduces damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NSCs exposed to H2O2. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Atp2b4 is upregulated significantly in Nfkbia-null NSCs and is probably responsible for the observed resistance. Additionally, overexpression of Atp2b4 itself can increase the survival of NSCs in the presence of H2O2, suggesting that Atp2b4 is closely involved in this resistance. Herein, a powerful haploid system is presented to study functional genetics in neural lineages, shedding light on the screening of critical genes and drugs for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Nie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University School of stomatologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjin300071China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University School of stomatologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Qingshen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of ObstetricsTianjin First Central HospitalNankai UniversityTianjin300192China
| | - Dayong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University School of stomatologyTianjin Medical University School of StomatologyTianjin300070China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of PharmacyNankai UniversityTianjin300350China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant ResistanceCollege of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjin300387China
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2
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Zhang W, Sun S, Wang Q, Li X, Xu M, Li Q, Zhao Y, Peng K, Yao C, Wang Y, Chang Y, Liu Y, Wu X, Gao Q, Shuai L. Haploid-genetic screening of trophectoderm specification identifies Dyrk1a as a repressor of totipotent-like status. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5683. [PMID: 38117886 PMCID: PMC10732524 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass are the first two lineages in murine embryogenesis and cannot naturally transit to each other. The barriers between them are unclear and fascinating. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) retain the identities of inner cell mass and TE, respectively, and, thus, are ideal platforms to investigate these lineages in vitro. Here, we develop a loss-of-function genetic screening in haploid ESCs and reveal many mutations involved in the conversion of TSCs. The disruption of either Catip or Dyrk1a (candidates) in ESCs facilitates the conversion of TSCs. According to transcriptome analysis, we find that the repression of Dyrk1a activates totipotency, which is a possible reason for TE specification. Dyrk1a-null ESCs can contribute to embryonic and extraembryonic tissues in chimeras and can efficiently form blastocyst-like structures, indicating their totipotent developmental abilities. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying cell fate alternation in embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Keli Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xudong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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3
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Sun S, Zhao Q, Zhao Y, Geng M, Wang Q, Gao Q, Zhang X, Zhang W, Shuai L. BCL2 is a major regulator of haploidy maintenance in murine embryonic stem cells. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13498. [PMID: 37144356 PMCID: PMC10693186 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid cells are important resources for forward genetic screening and are important in genetic medicine and drug development. However, the self-diploidization of murine haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) during daily culture or differentiation jeopardizes their use in genetic approaches. Here, we show that overexpression (OE) of an antiapoptosis gene, BCL2, in haESCs robustly ensures their haploidy maintenance in various situations, even under strict differentiation in vivo (embryonic 10.5 chimeric fetus or 21-day teratoma). Haploid cell lines of many lineages, including epiblasts, trophectodermal lineages, and neuroectodermal lineages, can be easily derived by the differentiation of BCL2-OE haESCs in vitro. Transcriptome analysis revealed that BCL2-OE activates another regulatory gene, Has2, which is also sufficient for haploidy maintenance. Together, our findings provide an effective and secure strategy to reduce diploidization during differentiation, which will contribute to the generation of haploid cell lines of the desired lineage and related genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Mengyang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiao‐Ou Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life and Science and TechnologyTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Human Embryo EngineeringChongqing Health Center for Women and ChildrenChongqingChina
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive RegulationNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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4
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Rif1 and Hmgn3 regulate the conversion of murine trophoblast stem cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110570. [PMID: 35354046 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of trophectoderm (TE) is a hallmark event in preimplantation development during murine embryogenesis. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying TE specification. We find that the depletion of Rif1 breaks down the barrier to the transition from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). Rif1-null-induced TSCs show typical TE properties and the potential to differentiate into terminal trophoblast lineages. Global transcriptome analysis reveal that Rif1 deletion activates 2-cell embryo (2C)-related genes and induces a totipotent-like state. Chimeric assays further confirm that Rif1-null ESCs contribute to the functional placenta in addition to the fetus on embryonic day 12.5. Furthermore, we show overexpression of Hmgn3, one of the key upregulated gene in Rif1-null ESCs, facilitates the induction of TSCs. Therefore, we report two key genes regulating the conversion of TSCs and provide insights for investigating TE specification.
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5
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Xu M, Zhang W, Geng M, Zhao Y, Sun S, Gao Q, Liu Y, Shuai L. Rapid generation of murine haploid-induced trophoblast stem cells via a Tet-on system. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100881. [PMID: 34806042 PMCID: PMC8585661 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Haploid trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are advanced in studying placental development for their placental precursor and homozygous features. Here, we describe how to generate haploid-induced TSCs (haiTSCs) from haploid embryonic stem cells with a Tet-on system. Our haiTSCs can maintain haploidy long-term and can produce genome-wide mutants combined with transposons. It is promising in high-throughput genetic screening of trophoblast-specific modulators. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Peng et al. (2019). Protocol for inducing a Cdx2-OE Tet-on system into haploid ESCs Protocol for conversion and purification of haploid induced TSCs from haploid ESCs Protocol for construction of genome-wide mutated homozygous TSCs by piggyBac transposon
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mengyang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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6
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Geng M, Xu M, Yao C, Wang H, Li L, Liu Y, Shuai L. High-throughput screening in postimplantation haploid epiblast stem cells reveals Hs3st3b1 as a modulator for reprogramming. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:743-755. [PMID: 33511777 PMCID: PMC8046116 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) derived from postimplantation epiblast are pluripotent stem cells, epigenetically distinct from embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which are widely used in reprogramming studies. Recent achieved haploid cell lines in mammalian species open a new era for high-throughput genetic screening, due to their homozygous phenotypes. Here, we report the generation of mouse haploid EpiSCs (haEpiSCs) from postimplantation chimeric embryos at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5). These cells maintain one set of chromosomes, express EpiSC-specific genes, and have potentials to differentiate into three germ layers. We also develop a massive mutagenesis protocol with haEpiSCs, and subsequently perform reprogramming selection using this genome-wide mutation library. Multiple modules related to various pathways are implicated. The validation experiments prove that knockout of Hst3st3b1 (one of the candidates) can promote reprogramming of EpiSCs to the ground state efficiently. Our results open the feasibility of utilizing haEpiSCs to elucidate fundamental biological processes including cell fate alternations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuna Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmeng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Nankai Animal Resource Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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7
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Sun S, Zhao Y, Shuai L. The milestone of genetic screening: Mammalian haploid cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2471-2479. [PMID: 33005309 PMCID: PMC7509586 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian haploid cells provide insights into multiple genetics approaches as have been proved by advances in homozygous phenotypes and function as gametes. Recent achievements make ploidy of mammalian haploid cells stable and improve the developmental efficiency of embryos derived from mammalian haploid cells intracytoplasmic microinjection, which promise great potentials for using mammalian haploid cells in forward and reverse genetic screening. In this review, we introduce breakthroughs of mammalian haploid cells involving in mechanisms of self-diploidization, forward genetics for various targeting genes and imprinted genes related development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiding Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tate Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics / Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin 300052, China
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8
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Li Y, Li W, Zhou Q. Haploid pluripotent stem cells: twofold benefits with half the effort in genetic screening and reproduction. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 64:6-12. [PMID: 32563751 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Haploid pluripotent stem cells, which are capable of self-renewal and differentiation into other cell types with only one set of chromosomes, have been established in several species from haploid embryos. Compared with diploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs), haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) are smaller in size, have a prolonged metaphase, and undergo self-doubling during culture. The monoallelic expression of haESCs provides great convenience for recessive inheritance research. Genetically modified haESCs also provide benefits in replacement of the gamete genomes, which not only facilitates the study of the function of imprinted genes but also potentially removes barriers to same-sex reproduction. In this review, we focus on strategies for obtaining haESCs and their potential applications in genetic screening, genomic imprinting, and unisexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Anderson J, Patel M, Forenzo D, Ai X, Cai C, Wade Q, Risman R, Cai L. A novel mouse model for the study of endogenous neural stem and progenitor cells after traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 325:113119. [PMID: 31751572 PMCID: PMC10885014 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) persist in the adult brain and represent a potential cell source for tissue regeneration and wound healing after injury. The Notch signaling pathway is critical for embryonic development and adult brain injury response. However, the specific role of Notch signaling in the injured brain is not well characterized. Our previous study has established a Notch1CR2-GFP reporter mouse line in which the Notch1CR2 enhancer directs GFP expression in NSPCs and their progeny. In this study, we performed closed head injury (CHI) in the Notch1CR2-GFP mice to study the response of injury-activated NSPCs. We show that CHI induces neuroinflammation, cell death, and the expression of typical TBI markers (e.g., ApoE, Il1b, and Tau), validating the animal model. In addition, CHI induces cell proliferation in GFP+ cells expressing NSPC markers, e.g., Notch1 and Nestin. A significant higher percentage of GFP+ astrocytes and GABAergic neurons was observed in the injured brain, with no significant change in oligodendrocyte lineage between the CHI and sham animal groups. Since injury is known to activate astrogliosis, our results suggest that injury-induced GFP+ NSPCs preferentially differentiate into GABAergic neurons. Our study establishes that Notch1CR2-GFP transgenic mouse is a useful tool for the study of NSPC behavior in vivo after TBI. Unveiling the potential of NSPCs response to TBI (e.g., proliferation and differentiation) will identify new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of brain trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Misaal Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Dylan Forenzo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Xin Ai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Catherine Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Quinn Wade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Risman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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10
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Elling U, Woods M, Forment JV, Fu B, Yang F, Ng BL, Vicente JR, Adams DJ, Doe B, Jackson SP, Penninger JM, Balmus G. Derivation and maintenance of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:1991-2014. [PMID: 31160788 PMCID: PMC6997032 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy represents the number of chromosome sets in a cell. Although gametes have a haploid genome (n), most mammalian cells have diploid genomes (2n). The diploid status of most cells correlates with the number of probable alleles for each autosomal gene and makes it difficult to target these genes via mutagenesis techniques. Here, we describe a 7-week protocol for the derivation of mouse haploid embryonic stem cells (hESCs) from female gametes that also outlines how to maintain the cells once derived. We detail additional procedures that can be used with cell lines obtained from the mouse Haplobank, a biobank of >100,000 individual mouse hESC lines with targeted mutations in 16,970 genes. hESCs can spontaneously diploidize and can be maintained in both haploid and diploid states. Mouse hESCs are genomically and karyotypically stable, are innately immortal and isogenic, and can be derived in an array of differentiated cell types; they are thus highly amenable to genetic screens and to defining molecular connectivity pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Elling
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Woods
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josep V Forment
- DNA Damage Response Biology, Oncology Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bee Ling Ng
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose R Vicente
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Brendan Doe
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen P Jackson
- The Wellcome Trust CRUK Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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11
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Derivation of Haploid Trophoblast Stem Cells via Conversion In Vitro. iScience 2019; 11:508-518. [PMID: 30635215 PMCID: PMC6354440 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their single genome, haploid cells are powerful to uncover unknown genes by performing genetic screening in mammals. However, no haploid cell line from an extraembryonic lineage has been achieved yet, which limits the application of haploid cells in placental genetic screening. Here, we show that overexpression of Cdx2 can convert haploid embryonic stem cells to trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). p53 deletion reduces diploidization during the conversion and guarantees the generation of haploid-induced TSCs (haiTSCs). haiTSCs not only share the same molecular characterization with trophoderm-derived TSCs but also possess multipotency to placental lineages in various procedures. In addition, haiTSCs can maintain haploidy in the long term, assisted by periodic sorting and with reliance on FGF4 and heparin. Finally, we perform piggyBac-mediated high-throughput mutation in haiTSCs and use them in trophoblast lineage genetic screening. Deep sequencing analysis and validation experiments prove that Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast specification. A haploid cell line of extraembryonic lineages with self-renewal ability haiTSCs have multipotency to functional trophoblast lineages both in vitro and in vivo High-throughput screening of spongiotrophoblast specification-related genes in haiTSCs Htra1 is a blocker for spongiotrophoblast-specific differentiation
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12
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Chen DD, Yang T, Zhu SQ. Recurrent PAX 6 mutation in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. Eur J Ophthalmol 2018; 30:181-188. [PMID: 30426773 DOI: 10.1177/1120672118810998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: One prominent pathological feature of congenital aniridia is hypoplasia of the iris, often accompanied by other eye abnormalities. The objective of this study is to identify gene mutations responsible for autosomal dominance in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. Methods: A total of 11 family members, including 6 affected and 5 unaffected individuals were recruited. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and Sanger sequencing was applied to identify the causal mutation in the other family members and control samples. Results: A heterozygous mutation, c. 112delC (p. Arg38fs) in PAX 6, was identified in the family that was associated with congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. The mutation was exclusively observed in all affected individuals but not in unaffected family members or unrelated healthy controls without aniridia recruited from Beijing Tongren Hospital. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mutation c. 112delC (p. Arg38fs) in PAX 6 affected sugar phosphate backbone construction, leading to half reduction of the full-length protein. Other symptoms such as lens opacity, keratitis, lens dislocation, ciliary body hypoplasia, foveal hypoplasia and mental development retardation were also observed in this family. Conclusion: These results provided a new insight into the effects of PAX 6 as a mutational hotspot, with a symptom complex that includes congenital aniridia, progressive cataracts and mental retardation. These findings suggested the cognitive treatment of PAX 6-mutated individuals could be considered earlier clinically, combined with medication or surgery of congenital aniridia and progressive cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Dou Chen
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Keynote Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Integrative Medicine on Encephalopathy Research Institution, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Quan Zhu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Keynote Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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13
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Wang H, Zhang W, Yu J, Wu C, Gao Q, Li X, Li Y, Zhang J, Tian Y, Tan T, Ji W, Li L, Yu Y, Shuai L. Genetic screening and multipotency in rhesus monkey haploid neural progenitor cells. Development 2018; 145:dev.160531. [PMID: 29784672 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Haploid embryonic stem cells (haESCs) have been extensively applied in forward and reverse genetic screening. However, a mammalian haploid somatic cell line is difficult to achieve because of spontaneous diploidization in differentiation. As a non-human primate species, monkeys are widely used in basic and pre-clinical research in which haploid cells are restricted to ESCs. Here, we report that rhesus monkey haESCs in an optimized culture medium show naïve-state pluripotency and stable haploidy. This model facilitated the derivation of haploid neural progenitor cells (haNPCs), which maintained haploidy and differentiation potential into neurons and glia for a long period in vitro High-throughput trapping mutations can be efficiently introduced into haNPCs via piggyBac transposons. This system proves useful when identifying gene targets of neural toxicants via a proof-of-concept experiment. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we confirmed that B4GALT6, from the candidate gene list, is a resistance gene of A803467 (a tetrodotoxin-like toxicant). This model is the first non-human primate haploid somatic cell line with proliferative ability, multipotency and an intact genome, thus providing a cellular resource for recessive genetic and potential drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Chair of RNAi and Genome Integrity, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Congyu Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yanni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaru Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Luyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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