Meyerholz DK, Piester TL, McNamara AR, Sokolich JC, Jaskille AD, Orion KC, Zamba KD, Light TD. Pharmacologic modification to resuscitation fluid after thermal injury--is drotrecogin alfa the answer to arrest burn depth progression?
THE JOURNAL OF TRAUMA 2009;
67:996-1003. [PMID:
19901660 DOI:
10.1097/ta.0b013e3181b83b3b]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS
The addition of drotrecogin alfa (DA), an anti-inflammatory useful in septic shock, to standard burn shock resuscitation fluids will protect burned, injured skin from further injury.
METHODS
Anesthetized animals were subjected to a standardized burn pattern by applying a branding iron to 10 different locations on the back of the rat for 1 seconds to 14 seconds, creating a range of burn depths and severities.
DESIGN
Animal burn shock and resuscitation model.
PARTICIPANTS
Thirty-one male adult Sprague-Dawley rats.
INTERVENTIONS
Control animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) at 2 mL/kg/percent total body surface area/24 h; experimental animals received LRS plus DA 24 microg/kg/h (LRS + DA).
OUTCOME MEASURES
Perfusion to each burned area was assessed using a laser Doppler imaging technology. Punch biopsies at each burned area were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and assessed for burn depth and for inflammation using previously reported measures. Samples from 14 animals were stained for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and caspase-3 (apoptosis markers).
RESULTS
Increasing branding iron contact times worsened perfusion, burn depth, and apoptotic ratios. There was no correlation between inflammatory markers and burn contact time. The addition of DA leads to worse perfusion, deeper burns, worse inflammation, and decreased apoptotic ratios.
CONCLUSIONS
Laser Doppler imaging is a useful technology to assess burn depth. The addition of DA to traditional resuscitation fluids for burn shock is deleterious to the injured, burned skin. Modifying the traditional burn shock resuscitation fluids, although intellectually attractive, needs to be rigorously studied.
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