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Birhanu A, Amare HH, G/Mariam M, Girma T, Tadesse M, Assefa DG. Magnitude of surgical site infection and determinant factors among postoperative patients, A cross sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 83:104324. [PMID: 36389196 PMCID: PMC9661638 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections that occur within 30 days of surgery or within 1 year in patients with implants at or around the surgical site. They are among the dangerous complications of surgical procedures that expose patients to higher costs and increase the risk of death because of severe morbidity and associated longer hospital stays. This study aimed to determine the extent and determinants of surgical site infections in surgically treated cases during the study period. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among surgically treated patients at Dilla University Referral Hospital in the surgical department. The calculated sample size was 408, calculated using the single population proportion formula, and the required information was collected from the medical records of the study participants using checklists. Bivariate logistic regression was performed to identify candidate variables, and all candidate variables with a P-value < of 0.25 were included in multivariable logistic regression. Variables with a P-value < 0.05 were considered statically significant, and the strength of association was measured by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Result As our finding showed magnitude of surgical site infections was 19.3%. The factors which had significant association with surgical wound infections were blood transfusion (AOR = 0.16 (0.04–0.73), hemoglobin level < 7 g/dl (AOR = 10.40 (3.39–32.49), shock (AOR = 19.09 (4.69–77.51), previous surgery (AOR = 11.53(3.73–35.61), hospitalization 7–14 days (AOR = 5.51(1.52–19.91) and hospitalization >14 days (AOR = 8.18(1.84–36.75). Conclusion The percentage of surgical site infections was high. Shock, low haemoglobin level, blood transfusion, previous surgery, and longer length of hospital stay were significantly related to surgical site infections. Magnitude of Surgical site infection was high. Low haemoglobin level has significant association with occurrence of surgical site infection. Longer hospital stay has association with development of surgical site infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timsel Girma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
- Corresponding author.
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Stefanou A, Gardner C, Rubinfeld I. A retrospective study of the effects of minimally invasive colorectal surgery on Patient Safety Indicators across a five-hospital system. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7684-7699. [PMID: 35237902 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality uses Patient Safety Indicators (PSI) to gauge quality of care and patient safety in hospitals. PSI 90 is a weighted combination of several PSIs that primarily comprises perioperative events. This score can affect reimbursement through Medicare and hospital quality ratings. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been shown to decrease adverse events and outcomes. We sought to evaluate individual PSI and PSI 90 outcomes of minimally invasive versus open colorectal surgeries using a large medical database from 5 hospitals. METHODS A health system administrative database including all inpatients from 5 acute care hospitals was queried based on ICD 10 PC codes for colon and rectal surgery procedures performed between January 2, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Surgeries were labeled as MIS (laparoscopic) or open colorectal resection surgery. Patient demographics, health information, and case characteristics were analyzed with respect to surgical approach and PSI events. Statistical relationships between surgical approach and PSI were investigated using univariate methods and multivariate logarithmic regression analysis. PSIs of interest were PSI 8, PSI 9 PSI 11, PSI 12, and PSI 13. RESULTS There were 1382 operations identified, with 861 (62%) being open and 521 (38%) being minimally invasive. Logistic modeling showed no significant difference between the 2 groups for PSI 3, 6, or 8 through 15. CONCLUSION Understanding PSI 90 and its components is important to enhance perioperative patient care and optimize reimbursement rates. We showed that MIS, despite providing known clinical benefits, may not affect scores in the PSI 90. Surgical approach may have little effect on PSIs, and other patient and system components that are more important to these outcome measures should be pursued.
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Dorken Gallastegi A, Mikdad S, Kapoen C, Breen KA, Naar L, Gaitanidis A, El Hechi M, Pian-Smith M, Cooper JB, Antonelli DM, MacKenzie O, Del Carmen MG, Lillemoe KD, Kaafarani HMA. Intraoperative Deaths: Who, Why, and Can We Prevent Them? J Surg Res 2022; 274:185-195. [PMID: 35180495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intraoperative deaths (IODs) are rare but catastrophic. We systematically analyzed IODs to identify clinical and patient safety patterns. METHODS IODs in a large academic center between 2015 and 2019 were included. Perioperative details were systematically reviewed, focusing on (1) identifying phenotypes of IOD, (2) describing emerging themes immediately preceding cardiac arrest, and (3) suggesting interventions to mitigate IOD in each phenotype. RESULTS Forty-one patients were included. Three IOD phenotypes were identified: trauma (T), nontrauma emergency (NT), and elective (EL) surgery patients, each with 2 sub-phenotypes (e.g., ELm and ELv for elective surgery with medical arrests or vascular injury and bleeding, respectively). In phenotype T, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated before incision in 42%, resuscitative thoracotomy was performed in 33%, and transient return of spontaneous circulation was achieved in 30% of patients. In phenotype NT, ruptured aortic aneurysms accounted for half the cases, and median blood product utilization was 2,694 mL. In phenotype ELm, preoperative evaluation did not include electrocardiogram in 12%, cardiac consultation in 62%, stress test in 87%, and chest x-ray in 37% of patients. In phenotype ELv, 83% had a single peripheral intravenous line, and vascular injury was almost always followed by escalation in monitoring (e.g., central/arterial line), alert to the blood bank, and call for surgical backup. CONCLUSIONS We have created a framework for IOD that can help with intraoperative safety and quality analysis. Focusing on interventions that address appropriateness versus futility in care in phenotypes T and NT, and on prevention and mitigation of intraoperative vessel injury (e.g., intraoperative rescue team) or preoperative optimization in phenotype EL may help prevent IODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ander Dorken Gallastegi
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Mikdad
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolijn Kapoen
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerry A Breen
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Leon Naar
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Apostolos Gaitanidis
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Majed El Hechi
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - May Pian-Smith
- Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey B Cooper
- Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Anesthesia, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna M Antonelli
- Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Olivia MacKenzie
- Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marcela G Del Carmen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Massachusetts General Physicians Organization, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keith D Lillemoe
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haytham M A Kaafarani
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Outcomes & Patient Safety in Surgery (COMPASS), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Rai A, Beland L, Aro T, Jarrett M, Kavoussi L. Patient Safety in the Operating Room During Urologic Surgery: The OR Black Box Experience. World J Surg 2021; 45:3306-3312. [PMID: 34351487 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To mitigate intraoperative adverse events, it is important to understand the context in which these errors occur. The purpose of this study is to characterize the IAEs and potential distractions that occur in minimally invasive urologic procedures. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in patients undergoing laparoscopic urologic surgery at an academic health center. The OR Black Box, a unique technology system which captures video and audio recordings of the operating room as well as the operative field, was used to collect data regarding procedure type, critical step, IAEs, and distractions. RESULTS Of a total of 80 cases analyzed, the majority of these cases were partial nephrectomy (n = 36; 45%), radical nephrectomy (n = 20; 25%), and adrenalectomy (n = 4; 5%). Across all cases, there were a total of 138 clinically significant IAEs, 10 of which (14%) were of the highest severity (five on the SEVerity of intraoperative Events and Rectification Tool (SEVERE) matrix). Of these, 70 (51%) occurred during an a priori defined critical step of the operation. Distractions were common across all cases. The median rate of external communication per case was 16 events (IQR 11-22); and per critical step was 4 (IQR 2.75-8), while median room traffic per case was 65 entries/exits (IQR 42-76); and per critical step was 17 (IQR 10-65). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that IAEs occur frequently during all phases of the operation at hand. Future study will be required to examine the role of distractions and IAE as well as IAE and their relationship to post-operative clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rai
- Smith Institute for Urology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, 450 Lakeville Road, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, 11042, USA.
| | - L Beland
- Smith Institute for Urology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, 450 Lakeville Road, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, 11042, USA
| | - T Aro
- Smith Institute for Urology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, 450 Lakeville Road, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, 11042, USA
| | - M Jarrett
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, 11042, USA
| | - L Kavoussi
- Smith Institute for Urology, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, 450 Lakeville Road, New Hyde Park, Hempstead, NY, 11042, USA
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