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Dessauer A, Hussey D, Khan SF, McLean CA, Gardiner BJ. Cytomegalovirus and Aspergillus co-infection in an immunocompetent patient with severe COVID-19. Pathology 2024; 56:110-114. [PMID: 37586979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adina Dessauer
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Daniel Hussey
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Sadid F Khan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Bradley J Gardiner
- Department of Infectious Disease, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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Immohr MB, Oehler D, Jenkins FS, Kalampokas N, Hettlich VH, Sigetti D, Voß F, Dalyanoglu H, Aubin H, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A, Boeken U. Evaluation of risk factors for cytomegalovirus DNAemia after end of regular prophylaxis after heart transplantation. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1075. [PMID: 38018580 PMCID: PMC10655632 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after heart transplantation (HTx) can cause cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Consequently, monitoring and prophylaxis for cytomegalovirus deoxyribonucleic acid (CMV-DNAemia) within the first weeks after HTx is recommended. METHODS All patients who underwent HTx between September 2010 and 2021 surviving the first 90 days (n = 196) were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided on the prevalence of CMV-DNAemia during the first postoperative year after the end of the prophylaxis. A total of n = 35 (20.1%) developed CMV-DNAemia (CMV group) and were compared to patients without CMV-DNAemia (controls, n = 139). The remaining patients (n = 22) were excluded due to incomplete data. RESULTS Positive donors and negative recipients (D+/R-) and negative donors and positive recipients (D-/R+) serology was significantly increased and D-/R- decreased in the CMV group (p < .01). Furthermore, the mean age was 57.7 ± 8.7 years but only 53.6 ± 10.0 years for controls (p = .03). Additionally, the intensive care unit (p = .02) and total hospital stay (p = .03) after HTx were approximately 50% longer. Interestingly, the incidence of CMV-DNAemia during prophylaxis was only numerically increased in the CMV group (5.7%, respectively, 0.7%, p = .10), the same effect was also observed for postoperative infections. Multivariate analyses confirmed that D+/R- and D-/R+ CMV immunoglobulin G match were independent risk factors for postprophylaxis CMV-DNAemia. CONCLUSION Our data should raise awareness of CMV-DNAemia after the termination of regular prophylaxis, as this affects one in five HTx patients. Especially old recipients as well as D+/R- and D-/R+ serology share an elevated risk of late CMV-DNAemia. For these patients, prolongation, or repetition of CMV prophylaxis, including antiviral drugs and CMV immunoglobulins, may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Benjamin Immohr
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Daniel Oehler
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Freya Sophie Jenkins
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nikolas Kalampokas
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vincent Hendrik Hettlich
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Dennis Sigetti
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Fabian Voß
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hannan Dalyanoglu
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Hug Aubin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical FacultyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryMedical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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Plotogea M, Isam AJ, Frincu F, Zgura A, Bacinschi X, Sandru F, Duta S, Petca RC, Edu A. An Overview of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Pregnancy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102429. [PMID: 36292118 PMCID: PMC9600407 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review was to bring to attention cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy, taking into consideration all relevant aspects, such as maternal diagnosis, fetal infection and prevention, prenatal diagnosis, and postnatal prognosis. A literature review was performed regarding adult and congenital infection. General information regarding this viral infection and potential related medical conditions was provided, considering the issues of maternal infection during pregnancy, transmission to the fetus, and associated congenital infection management. Prenatal diagnosis includes maternal serum testing and the confirmation of the infection in amniotic fluid or fetal blood. Additionally, prenatal diagnosis requires imaging techniques, ultrasound, and complementary magnetic resonance to assess cortical and extracortical anomalies. Imaging findings can predict both fetal involvement and the postnatal prognosis of the newborn, but they are difficult to assess, even for highly trained physicians. In regard to fetal sequelae, the early diagnosis of a potential fetal infection is crucial, and methods to decrease fetal involvement should be considered. Postnatal evaluation is also important, because many newborns may be asymptomatic and clinical anomalies can be diagnosed when sequelae are permanent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Plotogea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Al Jashi Isam
- Faculty of Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.I.); (F.F.)
| | - Francesca Frincu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.J.I.); (F.F.)
| | - Anca Zgura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Xenia Bacinschi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florica Sandru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Simona Duta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Cosmin Petca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Antoine Edu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Nicolae Malaxa” Clinical Hospital, 022441 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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Abstract
After establishing latent infection, some viruses can be reactivated by the alteration of host immunological conditions. First, we reviewed viruses that can cause neuronal damage by reactivation. Then we focused on the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The reactivation leads to neuronal damages through two possible mechanisms; "reactivation of a latent herpes virus" by which viruses can cause direct virus neurotoxicity, and "post-infectious immune inflammatory response" by which a focal reactivation of HSV leads to an inflammatory reaction. The former is radiologically characterized by cortical lesions, the latter is characterized by subcortical white matter lesions. We experienced a female, who underwent the right posterior quadrantectomy and then developed recurrent herpes encephalitis caused by herpes simplex reactivation, which pathologically demonstrated inflammation in the white matter, suggesting a post-infectious immune inflammatory response. The patient was successfully treated with immunosuppressants. The reactivation of the HSV is extremely rare in Japan. Neurologists should recognize this condition because this disorder will increase as epilepsy surgery gains more popularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Shimada
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Taiji Tsunemi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
- Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Yasushi Iimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
- Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Hidenori Sugano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
- Epilepsy Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine
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Schagdarsurengin U, Luo C, Slanina H, Sheridan D, Füssel S, Böğürcü-Seidel N, Gattenloehner S, Baretton GB, Hofbauer LC, Wagenlehner F, Dansranjav T. Tracing TET1 expression in prostate cancer: discovery of malignant cells with a distinct oncogenic signature. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:211. [PMID: 34844636 PMCID: PMC8630881 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ten–eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) is involved in DNA demethylation and transcriptional regulation, plays a key role in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency, and is dysregulated in malignant cells. The identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs) driving tumor growth and metastasis is the primary objective of biomarker discovery in aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). In this context, we analyzed TET1 expression in PCa.
Methods A large-scale immunohistochemical analysis of TET1 was performed in normal prostate (NOR) and PCa using conventional slides (50 PCa specimens) and tissue microarrays (669 NOR and 1371 PCa tissue cores from 371 PCa specimens). Western blotting, RT-qPCR, and 450 K methylation array analyses were performed on PCa cell lines. Genome-wide correlation, gene regulatory network, and functional genomics studies were performed using publicly available data sources and bioinformatics tools. Results In NOR, TET1 was exclusively expressed in normal cytokeratin 903 (CK903)–positive basal cells. In PCa, TET1 was frequently detected in alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)–positive tumor cell clusters and was detectable at all tumor stages and Gleason scores. Pearson’s correlation analyses of PCa revealed 626 TET1-coactivated genes (r > 0.5) primarily encoding chromatin remodeling and mitotic factors. Moreover, signaling pathways regulating antiviral processes (62 zinc finger, ZNF, antiviral proteins) and the pluripotency of stem cells were activated. A significant proportion of detected genes exhibited TET1-correlated promoter hypomethylation. There were 161 genes encoding transcription factors (TFs), of which 133 were ZNF-TFs with promoter binding sites in TET1 and in the vast majority of TET1-coactivated genes. Conclusions TET1-expressing cells are an integral part of PCa and may represent CSCs with oncogenic potential. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01201-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schagdarsurengin
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Working Group Epigenetics of Urogenital System, Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Luo
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Slanina
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - D Sheridan
- Institute of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Füssel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - N Böğürcü-Seidel
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Gattenloehner
- Institute of Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - G B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - L C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III and University Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Wagenlehner
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - T Dansranjav
- Clinic of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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Vietzen H, Görzer I, Honsig C, Jaksch P, Puchhammer-Stöckl E. Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-Specific Antibody Response and Development of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against HCMV After Lung Transplantation. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:417-427. [PMID: 32157310 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The impact of the host antibody (AB)-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC) on HCMV is still unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the AB-response against HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) and the pentameric complex (PC) and the ADCC response in HCMV-seropositive (R+) LTRs and in seronegative recipients of positive organs (D+/R-). METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 35 R+ and 28 D+/R- LTRs for 1 (R+) or 2 (D+/R-) years posttransplantation and from 114 healthy control persons. The PC- and gB-specific ABs were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ADCC was analyzed by focal expansion assay and CD107 cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS In R+ LTRs, significantly higher gB-specific AB levels developed within 1 year posttransplantation than in controls (immunoglobulin [Ig]G1, P < .001; IgG3, P < .001). In addition, higher levels of ADCC were observed by FEA and CD107 assay in R+ patients compared with controls (P < .001). In 23 D+R- patients, HCMV-specific ABs developed. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity became detectable 3 months posttransplantation in these, with higher ADCC observed in viremic patients. Depletion of gB- and PC-specific ABs revealed that, in particular, gB-specific Abs were associated with the ADCC response. CONCLUSIONS We show that a strong ADCC is elicited after transplantation and is especially based on gB-specific ABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vietzen
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Görzer
- Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Honsig
- Division of Clinical Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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