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Duan X, Liao HX, Zou HZ, Zhang ZJ, Ye JD, Liao WM. An injectable, biodegradable calcium phosphate cement containing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid as a bone substitute in ex vivo human vertebral compression fracture and rabbit bone defect models. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:55-65. [PMID: 28267379 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1301932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Purpose/Aim of the study: To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics and biocompatibility of an injectable, biodegradable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) containing poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A vertebral compression fracture model was established using 20 human cadaveric vertebrae (T11-L3) divided into CPC/PLGA composite versus PMMA groups for biomechanical testing. In addition, 35 New Zealand rabbits were used to evaluate biodegradability and osteoconductive properties of CPC/PLGA using a bone defect model. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by culturing with L929 cells. RESULTS The CPC/PLGA composite effectively restored vertebral biomechanical properties. Compared with controls, the maximum load and compression strength of the CPC/PLGA group were lower, and stiffness was lower after kyphoplasty (all p <.05). Degradation was much slower in the control CPC compared with CPC/PLGA group. The bone tissue percentage in the CPC/PLGA group (44.9 ± 23.7%) was significantly higher compared with control CPC group (25.7 ± 10.9%) (p <.05). The viability of cells cultured on CPC/PLGA was greater than 70% compared with the blanks. CONCLUSIONS Our biodegradable CPC/PLGA composite showed good biomechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and osteoconductivity and may represent an ideal bone substitute for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China.,b Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hong-Xing Liao
- c Division of Joint Surgery, Orthopedics Department , The Meizhou People's Hospital , Meizhou , China
| | - Hua-Zhang Zou
- d Gangwang Hospital , Guangzhou Medical College , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zi-Ji Zhang
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Dong Ye
- e Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Ming Liao
- a Department of Orthopedics , The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Asaoka T, Ohtake S, Furukawa KS, Tamura A, Ushida T. Development of bioactive porous α-TCP/HAp beads for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:3295-300. [PMID: 23983180 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Porous beads of bioactive ceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HAp) and tribasic calcium phosphate (TCP) are considered a promising scaffold for cultivating bone cells. To realize this, α-TCP/HAp functionally graded porous beads are fabricated with two main purposes: to maintain the function of the scaffold with sufficient strength up to the growth of new bone, and is absorbed completely after the growth. HAp is a bioactive material that has both high strength and strong tissue-adhesive properties, but is not readily absorbed by the human body. On the contrary, α-TCP is highly bioabsorbable, resulting in a scaffold that is absorbed before it is completely replaced by bone. In this study, we produced porous, bead-shaped carriers as scaffolds for osteoblast culture. To control the solubility in vivo, the fabricated beads contained α-TCP at the center and HAp at the surface. Cell adaptability of these beads for bone tissue engineering was confirmed in vitro. It was found that α-TCP/HAp bead carriers exhibit low toxicity in the initial stages of cell seeding and cell adhesion. The presence of HAp in the composite bead form effectively increased ALP activity. In conclusion, it is suggested that these newly developed α-TCP/HAp beads are a promising tool for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Asaoka
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Hatoyama, Hiki-gun, Saitama, 350-0394, Japan
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Prins HJ, Fernandes H, Rozemuller H, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J, Martens ACM. Spatial distribution and survival of human and goat mesenchymal stromal cells on hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 10:233-44. [PMID: 23255230 DOI: 10.1002/term.1681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The combination of scaffolds and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is a promising approach in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Knowledge on the survival, outgrowth and bone-forming capacity of MSCs in vivo is limited. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry were combined to study the fate of gene-marked goat and human MSCs (gMSCs, hMSCs) on scaffolds with different osteoinductive properties. Luciferase-GFP-labelled MSCs were seeded on hydroxyapatite (HA) or β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), cultured for 7 days in vitro in osteogenic medium, implanted subcutaneously in immunodeficient mice and monitored with BLI for 6 weeks. The constructs were retrieved and processed for histomorphometry and detection of luciferase-positive cells (LPCs). For gMSCs, BLI revealed doubling of signal after 1 week, declining to 60% of input after 3 weeks and remaining constant until week 6. hMSCs showed a constant decrease of BLI signal to 25% of input, indicating no further expansion. Bone formation of gMSCs was two-fold higher on TCP than HA. hMSCs and gMSCs control samples produced equal amounts of bone on TCP. Upon transduction, there was a four-fold reduction in bone formation compared with untransduced hMSCs, and no bone was formed on HA. LPCs were detected at day 14, but were much less frequent at day 42. Striking differences were observed in spatial distribution. MSCs in TCP were found to be aligned and interconnected on the surface but were scattered in an unstructured fashion in HA. In conclusion, the spatial distribution of MSCs on the scaffold is critical for cell-scaffold-based BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk-Jan Prins
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Fernandes
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Rozemuller
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cell Therapy Facility, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Tissue Regeneration, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anton C M Martens
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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New perspectives in cell delivery systems for tissue regeneration: natural-derived injectable hydrogels. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2012; 10:67-81. [PMID: 22865572 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.2012.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, because of their biocompatibility, availability, and physico-chemical properties have been the materials of choice for the fabrication of injectable hydrogels for regenerative medicine. In particular, they are appealing materials for delivery systems and provide sustained and controlled release of drugs, proteins, gene, cells, and other active biomolecules immobilized.In this work, the use of hydrogels obtained from natural source polymers as cell delivery systems is discussed. These materials were investigated for the repair of cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, intervertebral disc, neural, and cardiac tissue. Papers from the last ten years were considered, with a particular focus on the advances of the last five years. A critical discussion is centered on new perspectives and challenges in the regeneration of specific tissues, with the aim of highlighting the limits of current systems and possible future advancements.
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5
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Wegman F, Geuze RE, van der Helm YJ, Cumhur Öner F, Dhert WJA, Alblas J. Gene delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid DNA promotes bone formation in a large animal model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:763-70. [PMID: 22888035 DOI: 10.1002/term.1571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the field of bone regeneration, BMP-2 is considered one of the most important growth factors because of its strong osteogenic activity, and is therefore extensively used in clinical practice. However, the short half-life of BMP-2 protein necessitates the use of supraphysiological doses, leading to severe side-effects. This study investigated the efficiency of bone formation at ectopic and orthotopic sites as a result of a low-cost, prolonged presence of BMP-2 in a large animal model. Constructs consisting of alginate hydrogel and BMP-2 cDNA, together acting as a non-viral gene-activated matrix, were combined with goat multipotent stromal cells (gMSCs) and implanted in spinal cassettes or, together with ceramic granules, intramuscularly in goats, both for 16 weeks. Bone formation occurred in all cell-seeded ectopic constructs, but the constructs containing both gMSCs and BMP-2 plasmid DNA showed higher collagen I and bone levels, indicating an osteogenic effect of the BMP-2 plasmid DNA. This was not seen in unseeded constructs, even though transfected, BMP-2-producing cells were detected in all constructs containing plasmid DNA. Orthotopic constructs showed mainly bone formation in the unseeded groups. Besides bone, calcified alginate was present in these groups, acting as a surface for new bone formation. In conclusion, transfection of seeded or resident cells from this DNA delivery system led to stable expression of BMP-2 during 16 weeks, and promoted osteogenic differentiation and subsequent bone formation in cell-seeded constructs at an ectopic location and in cell-free constructs at an orthotopic location in a large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Wegman
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jayasuriya AC, Mauch KJ. In vitro degradation behavior of chitosan based hybrid microparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:383-390. [PMID: 25289115 DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2011.45048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The degradation properties of the MPs is important to the long-term benefits of the use of the chitosan (CS) based hybrid MPs in bone tissue-engineering, because the degradation kinetics could affect a multitude of processes within the cell, such as cell growth, tissue regeneration, and host response. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation of solid, hybrid CS microparticles (MPs), CS-10% calcium phosphate (CaHPO4, w/w), and CS-10% calcium carbonate (CaCO3, w/w) MPs in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) over a 30-week period. The hybrid MPs were synthesized by emulsification technique, cross-linked with 64% sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), purified and air dried overnight. Each sample had 30 mg of MPs was placed in a glass vial with 9 ml of PBS added and then the vial was closed to prevent evaporation. Every week 4 ml of the incubated solution was removed for sample measurement and all samples were replaced with an equivalent amount of fresh medium. The samples were maintained at 37°C under continuous shaking. The hybrid MPs were measured for pH and calcium release, every week in triplicate. At 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 weeks, surface and bulk morphology were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The degradation data suggested that the hybrid MPs were stable at least up to 25 week and maintain the physiologically relevant pH. Therefore, we can use these hybrid MPs to apply in the bone tissue engineering applications since they do not degrade within a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Champa Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, University of Toledo Helth Science Campus, Toledo, USA
| | - Kristalyn J Mauch
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, University of Toledo Helth Science Campus, Toledo, USA
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Akahane M, Shigematsu H, Tadokoro M, Ueha T, Matsumoto T, Tohma Y, Kido A, Imamura T, Tanaka Y. Scaffold-free cell sheet injection results in bone formation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:404-11. [PMID: 20084634 DOI: 10.1002/term.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported a new cell transplantation method in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured as cell sheets. The cultured MSC sheets showed high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and osteocalcin (OC) contents. In the present study, we transplanted such sheets by injection to assess whether the injectable MSC sheets could form bone tissue at subcutaneous sites. At 4 weeks after the subcutaneous injection, the injected areas showed hard mass formation. Each mass consisted of newly formed bone, as evaluated by radiographic, histological and gene expression analyses as well as three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Histological analyses revealed extracellular bone matrix together with osteocytes and active osteoblasts. Real-time PCR analyses showed high ALP and OC mRNA expressions. We also injected the cell sheets into dead bone to determine whether the lost osteogenic potential could be rescued, and histological analyses revealed that the injected cell sheets supplied osteogenic potential to the dead bone. The present study clearly indicates that osteogenic MSC sheets can be transplanted via injection through a needle and that bone formation results in the injected areas. Owing to its usage of a needle for fabrication of in vivo bone tissue, this injection method can be applied as a minimally invasive approach for hard tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Akahane
- Department of Public Health, Health Management and Policy, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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Jayasuriya AC, Bhat A. Mesenchymal stem cell function on hybrid organic/inorganic microparticles in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2010; 4:340-8. [PMID: 20033925 DOI: 10.1002/term.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function on novel type hybrid organic/inorganic microparticles (MPs) for application to bone regeneration. The MPs were based on chitosan (CS) and consisted of inorganic components, such as dibasic calcium phosphate (CaHPO(4)) or calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)). The MPs were crosslinked using tripolyphosphate. Four types of hybrid MPs were fabricated: CS; CS-10% CaHPO(4); CS-20% CaHPO(4); and CS-10% CaCO(3). The MSCs were attached to all the types of MPs at day 1 and started to spread and proliferate further by days 2 and 7, as analysed by fluorescence microcopy. Cell proliferation was measured at days 7, 14, 21 and 28 by counting the cells attached on the MPs. The number of proliferated cells increased significantly for all types of MPs as time increased. MSC differentiation was analysed using osteoblast (OB) phenotype markers, including alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), collagen I (COLLI) and osteocalcin (OCN) at days 7, 14, 21 and 28, using quantitative real-time PCR. The normalized mRNA expression of ALP for all MPs was observed only at day 7. The normalized mRNA expression of COLLI and OCN was significantly increased for all types of hybrid MPs at each time point compared to the control samples. Collectively, our results proved that hybrid organic/inorganic MPs were non-cytotoxic and supported MSC attachment, spreading, proliferation and differentiation into the OB phenotype. These hybrid MPs have great potential for application as bone-void fillers or bone tissue engineering scaffolds in bone regeneration.
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Jayasuriya AC, Bhat A. Fabrication and characterization of novel hybrid organic/inorganic microparticles to apply in bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 93:1280-8. [PMID: 19827109 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize the novel hybrid organic/inorganic microparticles (MPs) to apply in bone regeneration. These hybrid MPs were fabricated using a scale-up method we have developed to increase the yield of chitosan (CS) MPs. The MPs were based on the CS and consist of inorganic components such as dibasic calcium phosphate (CaHPO(4)) or calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)). Tripolyphosphate (TPP) has been used as a cross-linking agent to form cross-links between the amine groups in CS and phosphate groups in TPP. Four types of hybrid MPs were fabricated: CS; CS-10%CaHPO(4); CS-20%CaHPO(4); CS-10% CaCO(3). SEM images revealed that all types of MPs were approximately spherical in shape and most of them were with a diameter range of 30-60 microm. XRD reveals the evidence of having CaHPO(4) or CaCO(3) in the CS-10%CaHPO(4), CS-20%CaHPO(4), or CS-10%CaCO(3) MPs, respectively. All types of MPs have shown the existence of cross-links according to FTIR. We have studied the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment on the surfaces of all types of MPs compared to control wells at 4, 8, 25, and 48 h. The attached MSCs on all types of MPs were increased more than two-fold at 48 h compared with that of 4 h. These hybrid MPs have a great potential to apply as a bone-void filler or bone tissue engineering scaffold to treat the bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Champa Jayasuriya
- Department of Orthopaedics, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA.
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10
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Geuze RE, Prins HJ, Öner FC, van der Helm YJM, Schuijff LS, Martens AC, Kruyt MC, Alblas J, Dhert WJA. Luciferase labeling for multipotent stromal cell tracking in spinal fusion versus ectopic bone tissue engineering in mice and rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:3343-51. [PMID: 20575656 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering of bone, by combining multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) with osteoconductive scaffolds, has not yet yielded any clinically useful applications so far. The fate and contribution of the seeded cells are not sufficiently clarified, especially at clinically relevant locations. Therefore, we investigated cell proliferation around the spine and at ectopic sites using noninvasive in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in relation to new bone formation. Goat MSCs were lentivirally transduced to express luciferase. After showing both correlation between MSC viability and BLI signal as well as survival and osteogenic capacity of these cells ectopically in mice, they were seeded on ceramic scaffolds and implanted in immunodeficient rats at two levels in the spine for spinal fusion as well as subcutaneously. Nontransduced MSCs were used as a control group. All rats were monitored at day 1 and after that weekly until termination at week 7. In mice a BLI signal was observed during the whole observation period, indicating survival of the seeded MSCs, which was accompanied by osteogenic differentiation in vivo. However, these same MSCs showed a different response in the rat model, where the BLI signal was present until day 14, both in the spine and ectopically, indicating that MSCs were able to survive at least 2 weeks of implantation. Only when the signal was still present after the total implantation period ectopically, which only occurred in one rat, new bone was formed extensively and the implanted MSCs were responsible for this bone formation. Ectopically, neither a reduced proliferative group (irradiated) nor a group in which the cells were devitalized by liquid nitrogen and the produced extracellular matrix remained (matrix group) resulted in bone formation. This suggests that the release of soluble factors or the presence of an extracellular matrix is not enough to induce bone formation. For the spinal location, the question remains whether the implanted MSCs contribute to the bone regeneration or that the principal mechanism of MSC activity is through the release of soluble mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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11
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van Gaalen SM, Kruyt MC, Geuze RE, de Bruijn JD, Alblas J, Dhert WJ. Use of Fluorochrome Labels in In Vivo Bone Tissue Engineering Research. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:209-17. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. van Gaalen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Moyo C. Kruyt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth E. Geuze
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost D. de Bruijn
- Progentix BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J.A. Dhert
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Incorporation of Hydroxyapatite Sol Into Collagen Gel to Regulate the Contraction Mediated by Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2010; 9:1-11. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2009.2034654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Uchida M, Agata H, Sagara H, Shinohara Y, Kagami H, Asahina I. Mixing conditions for cell scaffolds affect the bone formation induced by bone engineering with human bone marrow stromal cells, β-tricalcium phosphate granules, and rhBMP-2. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 91:84-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jayasuriya AC, Bhat A. Optimization of scaled-up chitosan microparticles for bone regeneration. Biomed Mater 2009; 4:055006. [PMID: 19779252 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/4/5/055006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to scale-up and optimize the chitosan (CS) microparticles (MPs) from 1x batch (41-85 mg) to 4x batch (270-567 mg) to be used in bone regeneration. The MPs used in the present study were prepared by double emulsification technique using CS as a base material under physiologically friendly conditions throughout the process. Structural integrity of MPs was improved creating cross-links between amine groups in CS and phosphate groups in tripolyphosphate (TPP) which has been used as an ionic cross-linking agent. The cross-linking density was varied using different amounts of TPP to CS such as 0%, 8%, 32%, 64% and 110% (w/w). The CS MPs were approximately spherical in shape with a size of 30-50 microm according to scanning electron microscopy results. X-ray diffraction data revealed having TPP in the CS MPs. The evidence of ionic cross-links in the CS MPs was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra Red. When we scaled-up the yield of MPs, we investigated that 64% TPP cross-linking density provided the best quality MPs. In addition, those MPs provided the yield from 75 mg to 310 mg when scaled up from 1x to 4x batch, respectively. The MPs developed have a great potential to be used as an injectable scaffold for bone regeneration including orthopedic and craniofacial applications using minimally invasive conditions compared with conventional three-dimensional scaffolds.
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Baroli B. From natural bone grafts to tissue engineering therapeutics: Brainstorming on pharmaceutical formulative requirements and challenges. J Pharm Sci 2009; 98:1317-75. [PMID: 18729202 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is an emerging multidisciplinary field of investigation focused on the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues through the delivery of appropriate molecular and mechanical signals. Therefore, bone tissue engineering covers all the attempts to reestablish a normal physiology or to speed up healing of bone in all musculoskeletal disorders and injuries that are lashing modern societies. This article attempts to give a pharmaceutical perspective on the production of engineered man-made bone grafts that are described as implantable tissue engineering therapeutics, and to highlight the importance of understanding bone composition and structure, as well as osteogenesis and bone healing processes, to improve the design and development of such implants. In addition, special emphasis is given to pharmaceutical aspects that are frequently minimized, but that, instead, may be useful for formulation developments and in vitro/in vivo correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancamaria Baroli
- Dip. Farmaco Chimico Tecnologico, Università di Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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Torigoe I, Sotome S, Tsuchiya A, Yoshii T, Maehara H, Sugata Y, Ichinose S, Shinomiya K, Okawa A. Bone Regeneration with Autologous Plasma, Bone Marrow Stromal Cells, and Porous β-Tricalcium Phosphate in Nonhuman Primates. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1489-99. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Torigoe
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sotome
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Regenerative Therapeutics for Spine and Spinal Cord, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Tsuchiya
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Yoshii
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Maehara
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugata
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program; International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Instrumental Analysis Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Shinomiya
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Global Center of Excellence (GCOE) Program; International Research Center for Molecular Science in Tooth and Bone Diseases, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Hard Tissue Genome Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Core to Core Program for Advanced Bone and Joint Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Section of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The present overview is intended to point the readers’ attention to the important subject of calcium orthophosphates. These materials are of the special significance because they represent the inorganic part of major normal (bones, teeth and dear antlers) and pathological (i.e. those appearing due to various diseases) calcified tissues of mammals. Due to a great chemical similarity with the biological calcified tissues, many calcium orthophosphates possess remarkable biocompatibility and bioactivity. Materials scientists use this property extensively to construct artificial bone grafts that are either entirely made of or only surface-coated with the biologically relevant calcium ortho-phosphates. For example, self-setting hydraulic cements made of calcium orthophosphates are helpful in bone repair, while titanium substitutes covered by a surface layer of calcium orthophosphates are used for hip joint endoprostheses and as tooth substitutes. Porous scaffolds made of calcium orthophosphates are very promising tools for tissue engineering applications. In addition, technical grade calcium orthophosphates are very popular mineral fertilizers. Thus ere calcium orthophosphates are of great significance for humankind and, in this paper, an overview on the current knowledge on this subject is provided.
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Polykandriotis E, Arkudas A, Horch RE, Stürzl M, Kneser U. Autonomously vascularized cellular constructs in tissue engineering: opening a new perspective for biomedical science. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:6-20. [PMID: 17367498 PMCID: PMC4401217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00012.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering cell cultures play a crucial role besides the matrix materials for the end of substituting lost tissue functions. The cell itself is situated at the cross-roads leading to different orders of scale, from molecule to organism and different levels of function, from biochemistry to macrophysiology. Extensive in vitro investigations have dissected a vast amount of cellular phenomena and the role of a number of bioactive substances has been elucidated in the past. Further, recombinant DNA technologies allow modulation of the expression profiles of virtually all kinds of cells. However, issues of vascularization in vivo limit transferability of these observations and restrict upscaling into clinical applications. Novel in vivo models of vascularization have evolved inspired from reconstructive microsurgical concepts and they encompass axial neovascularization by means of vascular induction. This work represents a brief description of latest developments and potential applications of neovascularization and angiogenesis in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Polykandriotis
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence to: Ulrich KNESER, MD Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: +49 9131 85 33277 Fax: +49 9131 85 39327 E-mail:
| | - A Arkudas
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - RE Horch
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Stürzl
- Section of Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen, Germany
| | - U Kneser
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Erlangen, Germany
- *Correspondence to: Ulrich KNESER, MD Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Erlangen Medical Center, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: +49 9131 85 33277 Fax: +49 9131 85 39327 E-mail:
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