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Secretome of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Possible Innovative Therapeutic Tool in Facial Nerve Injury Treatment. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8427200. [PMID: 36691473 PMCID: PMC9867597 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8427200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Facial nerve palsy is a serious neurological condition that strongly affects patient everyday life. Standard treatments provide insufficient improvement and are burdened with the risk of severe complications, e.g., facial synkinesis. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies are a novel and extensively developed field which offers new treatment approaches with promising results in regards to the nervous tissue regeneration. The potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to aid the regeneration of damaged nerves has been demonstrated in several preclinical models, as well as in several clinical trials. However, therapies based on cell transplantation are difficult to standardize in the manner similar to that of routine clinical practices. On the other hand, treatments based on mesenchymal stromal cell secretome harness the proregenerative features of mesenchymal stromal cells but relay on a product with measurable parameters that can be put through standardization procedures and deliver a fully controllable end-product. Utilization of mesenchymal stromal cell secretome allows the controlled dosage and standardization of the components to maximize the therapeutic potential and ensure safety of the end-product.
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Winkler T, Costa ML, Ofir R, Parolini O, Geissler S, Volk HD, Eder C. HIPGEN: a randomized, multicentre phase III study using intramuscular PLacenta-eXpanded stromal cells therapy for recovery following hip fracture arthroplasty : a study design. Bone Jt Open 2022; 3:340-347. [PMID: 35451865 PMCID: PMC9044085 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.34.bjo-2021-0156.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the HIPGEN consortium is to develop the first cell therapy product for hip fracture patients using PLacental-eXpanded (PLX-PAD) stromal cells. METHODS HIPGEN is a multicentre, multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 240 patients aged 60 to 90 years with low-energy femoral neck fractures (FNF) will be allocated to two arms and receive an intramuscular injection of either 150 × 106 PLX-PAD cells or placebo into the medial gluteal muscle after direct lateral implantation of total or hemi hip arthroplasty. Patients will be followed for two years. The primary endpoint is the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) at week 26. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include morphological parameters (lean body mass), functional parameters (abduction and handgrip strength, symmetry in gait, weightbearing), all-cause mortality rate and patient-reported outcome measures (Lower Limb Measure, EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire). Immunological biomarker and in vitro studies will be performed to analyze the PLX-PAD mechanism of action. A sample size of 240 subjects was calculated providing 88% power for the detection of a 1 SPPB point treatment effect for a two-sided test with an α level of 5%. CONCLUSION The HIPGEN study assesses the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intramuscular PLX-PAD administration for the treatment of muscle injury following arthroplasty for hip fracture. It is the first phase III study to investigate the effect of an allogeneic cell therapy on improved mobilization after hip fracture, an aspect which is in sore need of addressing for the improvement in standard of care treatment for patients with FNF. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(4):340-347.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew L Costa
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Campus di Roma, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sven Geissler
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Eder
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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4
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Radeloff K, Ramos Tirado M, Haddad D, Breuer K, Müller J, Hochmuth S, Hackenberg S, Scherzad A, Kleinsasser N, Radeloff A. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Particles (VSOPs) Show Genotoxic Effects but No Functional Impact on Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs). MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14020263. [PMID: 33430323 PMCID: PMC7825809 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs) represent a capable source for cell-based therapeutic approaches. For monitoring a cell-based application in vivo, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of cells labeled with iron oxide particles is a common method. It is the aim of the present study to analyze potential DNA damage, cytotoxicity and impairment of functional properties of human (h)ASCs after labeling with citrate-coated very small superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (VSOPs). Cytotoxic as well as genotoxic effects of the labeling procedure were measured in labeled and unlabeled hASCs using the MTT assay, comet assay and chromosomal aberration test. Trilineage differentiation was performed to evaluate an impairment of the differentiation potential due to the particles. Proliferation as well as migration capability were analyzed after the labeling procedure. Furthermore, the labeling of the hASCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution MRI. Below the concentration of 0.6 mM, which was used for the procedure, no evidence of genotoxic effects was found. At 0.6 mM, 1 mM as well as 1.5 mM, an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations was determined. Cytotoxic effects were not observed at any concentration. Proliferation, migration capability and differentiation potential were also not affected by the procedure. Labeling with VSOPs is a useful labeling method for hASCs that does not affect their proliferation, migration and differentiation potential. Despite the absence of cytotoxicity, however, indications of genotoxic effects have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Radeloff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oldenburg, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mario Ramos Tirado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.T.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Daniel Haddad
- Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology EZRT, Department Magnetic Resonance and X-ray Imaging, A Division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Kathrin Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Jana Müller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oldenburg, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Sabine Hochmuth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oldenburg, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Stephan Hackenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.T.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Agmal Scherzad
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.T.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Norbert Kleinsasser
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (M.R.T.); (S.H.); (A.S.); (N.K.)
| | - Andreas Radeloff
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Oldenburg, 26122 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (S.H.); (A.R.)
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Qiu X, Liu J, Zheng C, Su Y, Bao L, Zhu B, Liu S, Wang L, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhao W, Zhou J, Deng Z, Liu S, Jin Y. Exosomes released from educated mesenchymal stem cells accelerate cutaneous wound healing via promoting angiogenesis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12830. [PMID: 32608556 PMCID: PMC7445410 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Skin serves as the major interface between the external environment and body which is liable to many kinds of injuries. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been widely used and became a promising strategy. Pre‐treatment with chemical agents, hypoxia or gene modifications can partially protect MSCs against injury, and the pre‐treated MSCs show the improved differentiation, homing capacity, survival and paracrine effects regard to attenuating injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the exosomes from the educated MSCs contribute to accelerate wound healing process. Materials and methods We extracted the exosomes from the two educated MSCs and utilized them in the cutaneous wound healing model. The pro‐angiogenetic effect of exosomes on endothelial cells was also investigated. Results We firstly found that MSCs pre‐treated by exosomes from neonatal serum significantly improved their biological functions and the effect of therapy. Moreover, we extracted the exosomes from the educated MSCs and utilized them to treat the cutaneous wound model directly. We found that the released exosomes from MSCs which educated by neonatal serum before had the more outstanding performance in therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, we revealed that the recipient endothelial cells (ECs) were targeted and the exosomes promoted their functions to enhance angiogenesis via regulating AKT/eNOS pathway. Conclusions Our findings unravelled the positive effect of the upgraded exosomes from the educated MSCs as a promising cell‐free therapeutic strategy for cutaneous wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuting Su
- Department of Aerospace, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Bao
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Tibet Military Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Liu H, Liu S, Qiu X, Yang X, Bao L, Pu F, Liu X, Li C, Xuan K, Zhou J, Deng Z, Liu S, Jin Y. Donor MSCs release apoptotic bodies to improve myocardial infarction via autophagy regulation in recipient cells. Autophagy 2020; 16:2140-2155. [PMID: 31959090 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1717128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has been widely applied as a potential therapeutic for multiple diseases. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, especially the paradox between the low survival rate of transplanted cells and the beneficial therapeutic effects generated by these cells. Herein, in a myocardial infarction (MI) model, we found that transplanted MSCs released apoptotic bodies (ABs) to enhance angiogenesis and improve cardiac functional reclovery via regulating macroautophagy/autophagy in the recipient endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanistically, after local transplantation, MSCs underwent extensive apoptosis in the short term and released ABs, which were engulfed by the recipient ECs. Then, in the ECs, ABs activated lysosome functions and promoted the expression of TFEB (transcription factor EB), which is a master gene in lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Finally, the increase in TFEB enhanced autophagy-related gene expression in ECs and promoted angiogenesis and cardiac functional recovery after MI. Collectively, we found that apoptotic donor MSCs promote angiogenesis via regulating autophagy in the recipient ECs, unveiling the role of donor cell apoptosis in the therapeutic effects generated by cell transplantation. Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ABs: apoptotic bodies; BECN1: beclin 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CQ: chloroquine; ECs: endothelial cells; EVs: extracellular vesicles; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: left ventricular fractional shortening; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MI: myocardial infarction; MSC: mesenchymal stem cell; NO: nitric oxide; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TUNEL: TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengxing Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Viswanathan S, Shi Y, Galipeau J, Krampera M, Leblanc K, Martin I, Nolta J, Phinney DG, Sensebe L. Mesenchymal stem versus stromal cells: International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT®) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell committee position statement on nomenclature. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:1019-1024. [PMID: 31526643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 438] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT®) Mesenchymal Stromal Cell (ISCT MSC) committee offers a position statement to clarify the nomenclature of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The ISCT MSC committee continues to support the use of the acronym "MSCs" but recommends this be (i) supplemented by tissue-source origin of the cells, which would highlight tissue-specific properties; (ii) intended as MSCs unless rigorous evidence for stemness exists that can be supported by both in vitro and in vivo data; and (iii) associated with robust matrix of functional assays to demonstrate MSC properties, which are not generically defined but informed by the intended therapeutic mode of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Viswanathan
- Arthritis Program, University Health Network, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Cell Therapy Program, University Health Network, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Y Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University Institutes for Translational Medicine, Suzhou, China; Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - J Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - M Krampera
- Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - K Leblanc
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Nolta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stem Cell Program and Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - D G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - L Sensebe
- UMR5273 STROMALab CNRS/EFS/UPS-INSERM U1031, Toulouse, France
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8
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Liu X, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Xiao W. BMSC Transplantation Aggravates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis and Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30814953 PMCID: PMC6382023 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contusion is one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine and traumatology. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been proposed as a promising strategy to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of BMSCs in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration are still not completely clear. Here, we investigated the role of BMSC transplantation after muscle contusion. BMSCs were immediately transplanted into gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) following direct contusion. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed after BMSC transplantation. BMSC transplantation exacerbated muscle fibrosis and inflammation, as evidenced by increased leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increased matrix metalloproteinases. BMSC transplantation also increased muscle oxidative stress. Overall, BMSC transplantation aggravated inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. These results, shed new light on the role of BMSCs in regenerative medicine and indicate that caution is needed in the application of BMSCs for muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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9
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Güleçyüz MF, Macha K, Pietschmann MF, Ficklscherer A, Sievers B, Roßbach BP, Jansson V, Müller PE. Allogenic Myocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells Partially Improve Fatty Rotator Cuff Degeneration in a Rat Model. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2019; 14:847-859. [PMID: 29855989 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff (RC) tears result not only in functional impairment but also in RC muscle atrophy, muscle fattening and eventually to muscle fibrosis. We hypothesized that allogenic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and myocytes can be utilized to improve the rotator cuff muscle fattening and increase the atrophied muscle mass in a rat model. METHODS The right supraspinatus (SSP) tendons of 105 inbred rats were detached and muscle fattening was provoked over 4 weeks; the left side remained untouched (control group). The animals (n = 25) of the output group were euthanized after 4 weeks for reference purposes. The SSP-tendon of one group (n = 16) was left unoperated to heal spontaneously. The SSP-tendons of the remaining 64 rats (4 groups with n = 16) were repaired with transosseous sutures. One group received a saline solution injection in the SSP muscle belly, two other groups received 5 × 106 allogenic myocytes and 5 × 106 allogenic MSC injections from donor rats, respectively, and one group received no additional treatment. After 4 weeks of healing, the supraspinatus muscle mass was compared quantitatively and histologically to all the treated groups and to the untreated contralateral side. RESULTS In the end of the experiments at week 8, the myocyte and MCS treated groups showed a significantly higher muscle mass with 0.2322 g and 0.2257 g, respectively, in comparison to the output group (0.1911 g) at week 4 with p < 0.05. There was no statistical difference between the repaired, treated, or spontaneous healing groups at week 8. Supraspinatus muscle mass of all experimental groups of the right side was significantly lower compared to the untreated contralateral muscle mass. CONCLUSION This defect model shows that the injection of allogenic mycocytes and MSC in fatty infiltrated SSP muscles is better than no treatment and can partially improve the SSP muscle belly fattening. Nevertheless, a full restoration of the degenerated and fattened rotator cuff muscle to its original condition is not possible using myocytes and MSC in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet F Güleçyüz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-University), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Konstanze Macha
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Klinikum Landsberg am Lech, Bgm.-Dr.-Hartmann-Straße 50, 86899, Landsberg am Lech, Germany
| | - Matthias F Pietschmann
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-University), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Birte Sievers
- Numares AG, Am Biopark 9, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Björn P Roßbach
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Asklepios Klinik St. Georg, Lohmühlenstr. 5, 20099, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-University), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopaedics, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Center of the University of Munich (Ludwig-Maximilians-University), Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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10
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Winkler T, Perka C, von Roth P, Agres AN, Plage H, Preininger B, Pumberger M, Geissler S, Hagai EL, Ofir R, Pinzur L, Eyal E, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Meisel C, Consentius C, Streitz M, Reinke P, Duda GN, Volk HD. Immunomodulatory placental-expanded, mesenchymal stromal cells improve muscle function following hip arthroplasty. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:880-897. [PMID: 30230266 PMCID: PMC6204595 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No regenerative approach has thus far been shown to be effective in skeletal muscle injuries, despite their high frequency and associated functional deficits. We sought to address surgical trauma-related muscle injuries using local intraoperative application of allogeneic placenta-derived, mesenchymal-like adherent cells (PLX-PAD), using hip arthroplasty as a standardized injury model, because of the high regenerative and immunomodulatory potency of this cell type. METHODS Our pilot phase I/IIa study was prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled. Twenty patients undergoing hip arthroplasty via a direct lateral approach received an injection of 3.0 × 108 (300 M, n = 6) or 1.5 × 108 (150 M, n = 7) PLX-PAD or a placebo (n = 7) into the injured gluteus medius muscles. RESULTS We did not observe any relevant PLX-PAD-related adverse events at the 2-year follow-up. Improved gluteus medius strength was noted as early as Week 6 in the treatment-groups. Surprisingly, until Week 26, the low-dose group outperformed the high-dose group and reached significantly improved strength compared with placebo [150 M vs. placebo: P = 0.007 (baseline adjusted; 95% confidence interval 7.6, 43.9); preoperative baseline values mean ± SE: placebo: 24.4 ± 6.7 Nm, 150 M: 27.3 ± 5.6 Nm], mirrored by an increase in muscle volume [150 M vs. placebo: P = 0.004 (baseline adjusted; 95% confidence interval 6.0, 30.0); preoperative baseline values GM volume: placebo: 211.9 ± 15.3 cm3 , 150 M: 237.4 ± 27.2 cm3 ]. Histology indicated accelerated healing after cell therapy. Biomarker studies revealed that low-dose treatment reduced the surgery-related immunological stress reaction more than high-dose treatment (exemplarily: CD16+ NK cells: Day 1 P = 0.06 vs. placebo, P = 0.07 vs. 150 M; CD4+ T-cells: Day 1 P = 0.04 vs. placebo, P = 0.08 vs. 150 M). Signs of late-onset immune reactivity after high-dose treatment corresponded to reduced functional improvement. CONCLUSIONS Allogeneic PLX-PAD therapy improved strength and volume of injured skeletal muscle with a reasonable safety profile. Outcomes could be positively correlated with the modulation of early postoperative stress-related immunological reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp von Roth
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alison N Agres
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Plage
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Preininger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Pumberger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Meisel
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Consentius
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Streitz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Clinic of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Ruehle MA, Stevens HY, Beedle AM, Guldberg RE, Call JA. Aggregate mesenchymal stem cell delivery ameliorates the regenerative niche for muscle repair. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1867-1876. [PMID: 29774991 DOI: 10.1002/term.2707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe muscle wasting disease due to the absence of the dystrophin protein from the muscle cell membrane, which renders the muscle susceptible to continuous damage. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, muscle weakness, together with cycles of degeneration/regeneration and replacement with noncontractile tissue, limit mobility and lifespan. Because the loss of dystrophin results in loss of polarity and a reduction in the number of self-renewing satellite cells, it is postulated that these patients could achieve an improved quality of life if delivered cells could restore satellite cell function. In this study, we used both an established myotoxic injury model in wild-type (WT) mice and mdx mice alone (spontaneous muscle damage). Single (SC) and aggregated (AGG) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were injected into the gastrocnemius muscles 4 hr after injury (WT mice). The recovery of peak isometric torque was longitudinally assessed over 5 weeks, with earlier takedowns for histological assessment of healing (fibre cross-section area and central nucleation) and MSC retention. AGG-treated WT mice had significantly greater torque recovery at Day 14 than SC or saline-treated mice and a greater CSA at Day 10, compared with SC/saline. AGG-treated mdx mice had a greater peak isometric torque compared with SC/saline. In vitro immunomodulatory factor secretion of AGG-MSCs was higher than SC-MSCs for all tested growth factors with the largest difference observed in hepatocyte growth factor. Future studies are necessary to pair immunomodulatory factor secretion with functional attributes, to better predict the potential therapeutic value of MSC treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa A Ruehle
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hazel Y Stevens
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron M Beedle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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12
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Abstract
Soft tissue trauma of skeletal muscle is one of the most common side effects in surgery. Muscle injuries are not only caused by accident-related injuries but can also be of an iatrogenic nature as they occur during surgical interventions when the anatomical region of interest is exposed. If the extent of trauma surpasses the intrinsic regenerative capacities, signs of fatty degeneration and formation of fibrotic scar tissue can occur, and, consequentially, muscle function deteriorates or is diminished. Despite research efforts to investigate the physiological healing cascade following trauma, our understanding of the early onset of healing and how it potentially determines success or failure is still only fragmentary. This review focuses on the initial physiological pathways following skeletal muscle trauma in comparison to bone and tendon trauma and what conclusions can be drawn from new scientific insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Strategies to support regeneration of muscle tissue after injury are scarce, even though muscle trauma has a high incidence. Based on tissue specific differences, possible clinical treatment options such as local immune-modulatory and cell therapeutic approaches are suggested that aim to support the endogenous regenerative potential of injured muscle tissues.
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13
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Iyer SR, Xu S, Stains JP, Bennett CH, Lovering RM. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Musculoskeletal Biology. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:373-385. [PMID: 27998240 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The use of platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells has garnered much attention in orthopedic medicine, focusing on the biological aspects of cell function. However, shortly after systemic delivery, or even a local injection, few of the transplanted stem cells or platelets remain at the target site. Improvement in delivery, and the ability to track and monitor injected cells, would greatly improve clinical translation. Nanoparticles can effectively and quickly label most cells in vitro, and evidence to date suggests such labeling does not compromise the proliferation or differentiation of cells. A specific type of nanoparticle, the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION), is already employed as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. SPIONs can be coupled with cells or bioactive molecules (antibodies, proteins, drugs, etc.) to form an injectable complex for in vivo use. The biocompatibility, magnetic properties, small size, and custom-made surface coatings also enable SPIONs to be used for delivering and monitoring of small molecules, drugs, and cells, specifically to muscle, bone, or cartilage. Because SPIONs consist of cores made of iron oxides, targeting of SPIONs to a specific muscle, bone, or joint in the body can be enhanced with the help of applied gradient magnetic fields. Moreover, MRI has a high sensitivity to SPIONs and can be used for noninvasive determination of successful delivery and monitoring distribution in vivo. Gaps remain in understanding how the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials affect biological systems. Nonetheless, SPIONs hold great promise for regenerative medicine, and progress is being made rapidly toward clinical applications in orthopedic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama R Iyer
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Su Xu
- 2 Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph P Stains
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Craig H Bennett
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard M Lovering
- 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland.,3 Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Helal MAM, Shaheen NEM, Abu Zahra FA. Immunomodulatory capacity of the local mesenchymal stem cells transplantation after severe skeletal muscle injury in female rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:414-422. [PMID: 27560658 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2016.1222617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cell therapy technique with stem cells is a very attractive strategy for the treatment of muscle disorders. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of local transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which could contribute to skeletal muscle healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats were divided into three equal groups as the following: group 1, the negative control group (untreated group), group 2, sham-treated group, rats with muscle injuries involving volumetric muscle loss (VML) of adductor brevis muscle and injected locally with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 0.5 ml without stem cells after 7 d of muscle injury, group 3, treated group, rats with VML and injected locally (intramuscular) with 1.5 × 106 bone marrow MSCs suspended in PBS 0.5 ml (1) after 7 d of muscle tissue injury. All animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks of stem cell transplantation. RESULTS In vitro culture the morphology of MSCs reached confluence and appeared as long spindle in shape on 9-14 d. Most of the cells did not express the hematopoietic cell marker, CD34 and CD45 but expressed MSCs marker CD44, CD90 and CD105. The remarkable increase of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive nucleus was recorded in MSCs group as compared to PBS group. After 28 d of injection, administration of only PBS into the site of muscle injury caused up-regulation in the levels of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1), interferon alpha (IFN-α) and down-regulate the level of IL-10 in muscular tissue comparing to the untreated control. Bone marrow MSCs + PBS injected at the site of muscle injury significantly down-regulate the inflammatory cytokines levels IL-1β and IL-6 and TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IFN-α and up-regulate the level of IL-10. Collagen concentrations in the injured skeletal muscle estimated by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay and stained with Masson trichrome stain were increased with PBS group and decreased after transplantation of bone marrow MSCs in the site of injury. Muscle sections stained with H&E showed a higher number of centronucleated regenerating myofibers in the stem-cell-treated group than in the (PBS) and untreated control group. Microvasculature of skeletal muscle was decreased as demonstrated by immunostaining technique for CD34 in PBS group from untreated control. The MSCs group showed angiogenesis and marked increase of skeletal muscle microvasculature than PBS group. CONCLUSION MSCs can modify the local immunological responses and improve muscle regeneration by suppressing of inflammatory cytokines, activating of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, restoration of muscle fibers and angiogenesis. By means of increase in TGF-β production in response to muscle injury prevent the repair of injured fibers and increase connective tissue production (collagen fibers), thus propagating skeletal muscle weakness and fibrosis whereas MSCs + PBS injected at the site of muscle injury significantly down-regulate (TGF-β1) and hence the level of collagen (fibrosis or scar areas). MSCs are able to block the fibrotic signaling cascade by declining TGF-β1 and scar areas in the injured muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A M Helal
- a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Noura E M Shaheen
- a Department of Zoology, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science & Education , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Fatma A Abu Zahra
- b Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture , Medical Research Center, Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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15
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Enhancement of Anti-Hypoxic Activity and Differentiation of Cardiac Stem Cells by Supernatant Fluids from Cultured Macrophages that Phagocytized Dead Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071175. [PMID: 27447628 PMCID: PMC4964546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) die shortly after transplantation into a myocardial infarcted area. Dead MSCs (dMSCs) are phagocytized by macrophages (pMΦ) in vivo and in vitro; however, the effects of pMΦ on cardiac stem cells (CSCs) remain unknown. Methods: MSCs, CSCs, and macrophages were obtained from bone marrow, hearts, and peritoneal cavity of mice, respectively. dMSCs were harvested after hypoxia for 24 h, and incubated with macrophages (2:1) for another 2 days with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 50 ng/mL) and sorted by flow cytometry to obtain pMΦ. Viability and apoptosis of CSCs were respectively evaluated with the cell counting kit-8 (CCk-8) assay and Annexin V-PE/7-AAD staining at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h of culture with supernatant fluids from macrophages (MΦ), LPS-stimulated macrophages (LPS-pMΦ), pMΦ, and MSCs. GATA-4 and c-TnI expression was measured by flow cytometry on the seventh day. Expression of inflammation and growth factors was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in MΦ, LPS-pMΦ, and pMΦ cells. Results: pMΦ expressed higher levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and IL-6 than LPS-pMΦ, higher levels of growth factors and of GATA-4 and c-TnI at the 7th day, which were similar to those in MSCs. CSCs cultured with supernatant fluids of pMΦ exhibited higher proliferative, anti-hypoxic, and differentiation activities. Conclusion: The supernatant fluids of macrophages that had phagocytized dead MSCs encouraged changes in phenotype and growth factor expression, enhanced proliferation, differentiation, and anti-hypoxic activity of CSCs, which is relevant to understanding the persistent therapeutic effect of MSCs after their massive demise upon transplantation in myocardial infarction. Furthermore, some miRNAs or proteins which were extracted from the supernatant fluids may give us a new insight into the treatment of myocardial infarction in the future.
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16
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Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kratz H, Farr TD, Löwa N, Hauptmann R, Wagner S, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Schellenberger EA. Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells for MRI with single-cell sensitivity. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1517-35. [PMID: 27110112 PMCID: PMC4835118 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive cell detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development of cell therapies. However, clinically approved contrast agents that allow single-cell detection are currently not available. Therefore, we compared very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and new multicore carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (multicore particles, MCP) designed by our department for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with discontinued Resovist® regarding their suitability for detection of single mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by MRI. We achieved an average intracellular nanoparticle (NP) load of >10 pg Fe per cell without the use of transfection agents. NP loading did not lead to significantly different results in proliferation, colony formation, and multilineage in vitro differentiation assays in comparison to controls. MRI allowed single-cell detection using VSOP, MCP, and Resovist® in conjunction with high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging at 7 T with postprocessing of phase images in agarose cell phantoms and in vivo after delivery of 2,000 NP-labeled MSC into mouse brains via the left carotid artery. With optimized labeling conditions, a detection rate of ~45% was achieved; however, the experiments were limited by nonhomogeneous NP loading of the MSC population. Attempts should be made to achieve better cell separation for homogeneous NP loading and to thus improve NP-uptake-dependent biocompatibility studies and cell detection by MRI and future MPI. Additionally, using a 7 T MR imager equipped with a cryocoil resulted in approximately two times higher detection. In conclusion, we established labeling conditions for new high-relaxivity MCP, VSOP, and Resovist® for improved MRI of MSC with single-cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tracy D Farr
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Department of Biomagnetic Signals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk A Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Increased Understanding of Stem Cell Behavior in Neurodegenerative and Neuromuscular Disorders by Use of Noninvasive Cell Imaging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6235687. [PMID: 26997958 PMCID: PMC4779824 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6235687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders are associated with cell-specific depletion in the human body. This imbalance in tissue homeostasis is in healthy individuals repaired by the presence of endogenous stem cells that can replace the lost cell type. However, in most disorders, a genetic origin or limited presence or exhaustion of stem cells impairs correct cell replacement. During the last 30 years, methods to readily isolate and expand stem cells have been developed and this resulted in a major change in the regenerative medicine field as it generates sufficient amount of cells for human transplantation applications. Furthermore, stem cells have been shown to release cytokines with beneficial effects for several diseases. At present however, clinical stem cell transplantations studies are struggling to demonstrate clinical efficacy despite promising preclinical results. Therefore, to allow stem cell therapy to achieve its full potential, more insight in their in vivo behavior has to be achieved. Different methods to noninvasively monitor these cells have been developed and are discussed. In some cases, stem cell monitoring even reached the clinical setting. We anticipate that by further exploring these imaging possibilities and unraveling their in vivo behavior further improvement in stem cell transplantations will be achieved.
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18
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K S, P R, T W, G N D, C P, P VR. In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging - A Suitable Method to Track Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in a Skeletal Muscle Trauma. Open Orthop J 2015; 9:262-9. [PMID: 26312108 PMCID: PMC4541295 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001509010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cell-based therapies have emerged during the last decade in various clinical fields. Especially mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been used in pre-clinical and clinical applications in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and musculoskeletal disorders. In order to validate survival and viability as well as possible engraftment of MSCs into the host tissue a live cell imaging technique is needed that allows non-invasive, temporal imaging of cellular kinetics as well as evaluation of cell viability after transplantation. In this study we used luciferase-based bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to investigate the survival of autologous MSCs transplanted into a severely crushed soleus muscle of the rats. Furthermore we compared local as well as intra-arterial (i.a.) administration of cells and analyzed if luciferase transduced MSCs depict the same characteristics in vitro as non-transduced MSCs. We could show that transduction of MSCs does not alter their in vitro characteristics, thus, transduced MSCs display the same differentiation, proliferation and migration capacity as non-transduced cells. Using BLI we could track MSCs transplanted into a crushed soleus muscle until day 7 irrespective of local or i.a. APPLICATION Hence, our study proves that luciferase-based BLI is a suitable method for in vivo tracking of MSCs in skeletal muscle trauma in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Strohschein K
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Radojewski P
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Winkler T
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstruction Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Duda G N
- Julius Wolff Institute and Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Perka C
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstruction Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - von Roth P
- Department of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Reconstruction Surgery, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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19
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Davies BM, Morrey ME, Mouthuy PA, Baboldashti NZ, Hakimi O, Snelling S, Price A, Carr A. Repairing damaged tendon and muscle: are mesenchymal stem cells and scaffolds the answer? Regen Med 2014; 8:613-30. [PMID: 23998754 DOI: 10.2217/rme.13.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become an area of intense interest in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as muscle and tendon injury, as various animal and human trials have demonstrated that implantation with MSCs leads to improved healing and function. However, these trials have usually been relatively small scale and lacking in adequate controls. Additionally, the optimum source of these cells has yet to be determined, partly due to a lack of understanding as to how MSCs produce their beneficial effects when implanted. Scaffolds have been shown to improve tissue-engineering repairs but require further work to optimize their interactions with both native tissue and implanted MSCs. Robust, well-controlled trials are therefore required to determine the usefulness of MSCs in musculoskeletal tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Davies
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford OX3 7HE, UK.
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20
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Enhancement of muscle repair using human mesenchymal stem cells with a magnetic targeting system in a subchronic muscle injury model. J Orthop Sci 2014; 19:478-88. [PMID: 24562652 DOI: 10.1007/s00776-014-0548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A magnetic cell targeting system was previously developed to promote the accumulation of transplanted cells in sites of injury in order to effectively treat injured tissues. However, the optimum time of exposure to the magnetic field and the strength of the magnetic force have not yet been clarified. In this study, we investigated the optimum conditions of the magnetic force required to retain iron-labeled human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) at the site of transplantation for muscle repair in a subchronic skeletal muscle injury nude rat model. METHODS First, the optimum strength and time of exposure to the magnetic force for cell retention at the transplantation site were investigated 2 days after cell transplantation (1 × 10(5) cells). Second, the degree of enhancement of muscle repair was investigated at 3 weeks after cell transplantation in the group treated without a magnetic force and two typical magnetic condition groups that exhibited different levels of cell integration in first part of the study. RESULTS On the basis of the results of the first investigation, it was concluded that a magnetic strength of 1.5 T and 10 min of exposure to the magnetic force were efficient conditions to induce the retention of transplanted cells at the site of transplantation. In the second study, the groups exposed to a 1.5-T magnetic field for 10 min demonstrated significant enhancement of muscle repair, both histologically and electromechanically. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the optimal conditions required to retain transplanted hMSCs at the site of transplantation using a magnetic targeting system. This study also showed that the restoration of subchronic muscle injuries can be enhanced by magnetically labeled hMSCs following the application of a magnetic force.
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21
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Extracellular vesicles derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote angiogenesis in a rat myocardial infarction model. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:387-97. [PMID: 24337504 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly tested experimentally and clinically for cardiac repair. However, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial due to the poor viability and considerable death of the engrafted cells in the infracted myocardium. Recent reports have suggested that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs have angiogenesis-promoting activity; however, the therapeutic effect of MSC-EVs on an ischemic heart is unclear. In the present study, we reported that MSCs could release a large quantity of EVs around 100 nm in diameter upon hypoxia stimulation though the majority of the cells had not experienced apoptosis. MSC-EVs could be promptly uptaken by human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the internalization resulted in dose-dependent enhancement of in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Using an acute myocardial infarction rat model, we found that intramyocardial injection of MSC-EVs markedly enhanced blood flow recovery, in accordance with reduced infarct size and preserved cardiac systolic and diastolic performance compared to those treated with PBS. These data suggest that like MSCs, MSC-EVs could also protect cardiac tissue from ischemic injury at least by means of promoting blood vessel formation, though further detailed investigations should be performed to define the functionality of MSC-EVs. KEY MESSAGES MSCs released extracellular vesicles (EVs) upon hypoxia stimulation. MSC-EVs were a mixture of microvesicles and exosomes. MSC-EVs could be promptly uptaken by human umbilical vein endothelial cells. MSC-EVs promoted neoangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. MSC-EVs preserved cardiac performance in an AMI model.
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von Roth P, Winkler T, Rechenbach K, Radojewski P, Perka C, Duda GN. Improvement of contraction force in injured skeletal muscle after autologous mesenchymal stroma cell transplantation is accompanied by slow to fast fiber type shift. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 40:425-30. [PMID: 24474893 DOI: 10.1159/000354127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle trauma leads to severe functional deficits, which cannot be addressed by current treatment options. Previous investigation could show the efficacy of a local transplantation (TX) of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) for the therapy of muscle injury. Underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present work was to characterize the fiber composition changes following MSC-TX after open crush injury. METHODS 20 male SD rats received an open crush trauma of the left soleus muscle. 2.5 × 10(6) autologous MSCs were transplanted into the crushed soleus muscle of 10 animals 7 days after trauma (group 1, n = 10). Control animals received an injection of saline solution (group 2, n = 10). Histologic analysis of fibrosis, fiber type composition, and muscle force measurements were performed 28 days after trauma. RESULTS MSC-TX improved muscle force significantly (fast-twitch, treated: 0.76 (0.51-1.15), untreated: 0.45 (0.32-0.73); p = 0.01). Tetanic stimulation resulted in a significant increase of force development (treated: 0.63 (0.4-1.21), untreated: 0.34 (0.16-0.48); p = 0.04). Histological analyses showed no differences in the amount of fibrotic tissue (treated vs. untreated, p = 0.42). A shift towards fastMHC-positive fibers was observed following MSC-TX (treated vs. untreated; p = 0.01 (mm(2)) or 0.007 (%)). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an effect of locally administered MSCs in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries on a structural level. For the first time a fiber type shift towards fastMHC following MSC-TX after crush injury could be demonstrated and related to MSC-TX. These results might open the discussion of an alternative mode of action of MSCs in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Roth
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Rechenbach
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Piotr Radojewski
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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Zhang HC, Liu XB, Huang S, Bi XY, Wang HX, Xie LX, Wang YQ, Cao XF, Lv J, Xiao FJ, Yang Y, Guo ZK. Microvesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by hypoxia promote angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:3289-97. [PMID: 22839741 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly trialed to treat a variety of diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain still elusive. In this study, human umbilical cord (UC)-derived MSCs were stimulated by hypoxia, and the membrane microvesicles (MVs) in the supernatants were collected by ultracentrifugation, observed under an electron microscope, and the origin was identified with the flow cytometric technique. The results showed that upon hypoxic stimulus, MSCs released a large quantity of MVs of ~100 nm in diameter. The MVs were phenotypically similar to the parent MSCs, except that the majority of them were negative for the receptor of platelet-derived growth factor. DiI-labeling assay revealed that MSC-MVs could be internalized into human UC endothelial cells (UC-ECs) within 8 h after they were added into the culture medium. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeling technique and MTT test showed that MSC-MVs promoted the proliferation of UC-ECs in a dose-dependent manner. Further, MVs could enhance in vitro capillary network formation of UC-ECs in a Matrigel matrix. In a rat hindlimb ischemia model, both MSCs and MSC-MVs were shown to improve significantly the blood flow recovery compared with the control medium (P<0.0001), as assessed by laser Doppler imaging analysis. These data indicate that MV releasing is one of the major mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of MSC therapy by promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Surgery, General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
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von Roth P, Duda GN, Radojewski P, Preininger B, Strohschein K, Röhner E, Perka C, Winkler T. Intra-Arterial MSC Transplantation Restores Functional Capacity After Skeletal Muscle Trauma. Open Orthop J 2012; 6:352-6. [PMID: 22927895 PMCID: PMC3426785 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001206010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Skeletal muscle trauma leads to severe functional deficits, which cannot be addressed by current treatment options. Our group could show the efficacy of local transplantation of mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs) for the treatment of injured muscles. While local application of MSCs has proven to be effective, we hypothesized that a selective intra-arterial transplantation would lead to a better distribution of the cells and so improved physiological recovery of muscle function. Materials and Methodology: 18 female Sprague Dawley rats received an open crush trauma of the left soleus muscle. Autologous MSC were transduced using dsCOP-GFP and 2.5 x 106cells were transplanted into the femoral artery of 9 animals one week after trauma. Control animals (n=9) received a saline injection. Cell tracking, analysis of tissue fibrosis and muscle force measurements were performed after 3 weeks. Results: Systemic MSC-therapy improved the muscle force significantly compared to control (fast twitch: 82.4%, tetany: 61.6%, p = 0.02). The histological analysis showed no differences in the quantity of fibrotic tissue. Histological examination revealed no cells in the traumatized muscle tissue 21 days after transplantation. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated an effect of systemically administered MSCs in the treatment of skeletal muscle injuries. For possible future therapeutic approaches a systemic application of MSCs seems to present an alternative to a local administration. Such systemic treatment would be preferable since it allows functional improvement and possible cellular concentration at injury sites that are not easily accessible
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Roth
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free and Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
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Winkler T, von Roth P, Radojewski P, Urbanski A, Hahn S, Preininger B, Duda GN, Perka C. Immediate and delayed transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells improve muscle force after skeletal muscle injury in rats. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 6 Suppl 3:s60-7. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winkler
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Philipp von Roth
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Piotr Radojewski
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Alexander Urbanski
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahn
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Bernd Preininger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery and Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
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Highly efficient magnetic stem cell labeling with citrate-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI tracking. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4515-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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von Roth P, Duda GN, Radojewski P, Preininger B, Perka C, Winkler T. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy following muscle trauma leads to improved muscular regeneration in both male and female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 9:129-36. [PMID: 22361839 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has the potential to enhance muscular regeneration. In previous publications, our group was able to show a dose-response relationship in female animals between the amount of transplanted cells and muscle force. The impact of sex on the regeneration of musculoskeletal injuries following MSC transplantation remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated histologic and biomechanical regeneration parameters in rats after autologous transplantation of MSCs. Our hypothesis was that female rats have greater muscle regeneration potential than male rats after autologous MSC transplantation. METHODS Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats received an open crush trauma of the left soleus muscle. One week after trauma, 2.5 × 10(6) autologous MSCs, harvested from tibial biopsies, were transplanted locally (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Control animals received saline solution (female, n = 9; male, n = 9). Histologic analysis and biomechanical evaluation by in vivo muscle force measurement were performed 3 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS MSC therapy improved the force of the injured soleus in male rats significantly (twitch: treated, 0.76 [0.51-1.15]; twitch: untreated, 0.45 [0.32-0.73] [P = 0.01]; tetany: treated, 0.63 [0.4-1.21], tetany: untreated, 0.34 [0.16-0.48] [P = 0.04]). Force measurements in females also revealed significant improvements (twitch: treated, 0.71 [0.38-0.96]; twitch: untreated, 0.36 [0.18-0.63] [P = 0.005]; tetany: treated, 0.53 [0.21-0.68]; tetany: untreated, 0.27 [0.11-0.47] [P = 0.01]). The intersexual comparison of fast twitch and tetanic contraction forces revealed no significance (twitch, P = 0.55; tetany, P = 0.19). The histologic analysis showed no differences in the amount of fibrotic tissue (male, P = 0.9; female, P = 0.14) and the size of muscle area (male, P = 0.2; female, P = 0.56) following treatment. Male animals showed higher values for muscle area (P = 0.011) and less fibrosis (P = 0.028), independent of treatment. CONCLUSION The outcome of skeletal muscle regeneration after injury can be improved in animals of both sexes with MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Roth
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Free University of Berlin and Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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In vivo tracking of transplanted mononuclear cells using manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI). PLoS One 2011; 6:e25487. [PMID: 22003393 PMCID: PMC3189206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) has previously been tested as a method to induce therapeutic angiogenesis to treat limb ischemia in clinical trials. Non-invasive high resolution imaging is required to track the cells and evaluate clinical relevance after cell transplantation. The hypothesis that MRI can provide in vivo detection and long-term observation of MNCs labeled with manganese contrast-agent was investigated in ischemic rat legs. METHODS AND FINDINGS The Mn-labeled MNCs were evaluated using 7-tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intramuscular transplanted Mn-labeled MNCs were visualized with MRI for at least 7 and up to 21 days after transplantation in the ischemic leg. The distribution of Mn-labeled MNCs was similar to that of ¹¹¹In-labeled MNCs measured with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and DiI-dyed MNCs with fluorescence microscopy. In addition, at 1-2 days after transplantation the volume of the site injected with intact Mn-labeled MNCs was significantly larger than that injected with dead MNCs, although the dead Mn-labeled MNCs were also found for approximately 2 weeks in the ischemic legs. The area covered by CD31-positive cells (as a marker of capillary endothelial cells) in the intact Mn-MNCs implanted site at 43 days was significantly larger than that at a site implanted with dead Mn-MNCs. CONCLUSIONS The present Mn-enhanced MRI method enabled visualization of the transplanted area with a 150-175 µm in-plane spatial resolution and allowed the migration of labeled-MNCs to be observed for long periods in the same subject. After further optimization, MRI-based Mn-enhanced cell-tracking could be a useful technique for evaluation of cell therapy both in research and clinical applications.
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Speck K, Schneider BSP, Deashinta N. A Rodent Model to Advance the Field Treatment of Crush Muscle Injury During Earthquakes and Other Natural Disasters. Biol Res Nurs 2011; 15:17-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800411414698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 170 earthquakes of 6.0 or higher magnitude occur annually worldwide. Victims often suffer crush muscle injuries involving impaired blood flow to the affected muscle and damage to the muscle fiber membrane. Current rescue efforts are directed toward preventing acute kidney injury (AKI), which develops upon extrication and muscle reperfusion. But field-usable, muscle-specific interventions may promote muscle regeneration and prevent or minimize the pathologic changes of reperfusion. Although current rodent crush injury models involve reperfusion upon removal of the crush stimulus, an analysis of their methodological aspects is needed to ensure adequate simulation of the earthquake-related crush injury. The objectives of this systematic review are to (a) describe rodent crush muscle injury models, (b) discuss the benefits and limitations of these models, and (c) offer a recommendation for animal models that would increase our understanding of muscle recovery processes after an earthquake-induced crush muscle injury. The most commonly used rodent model uses a clamping or pressing crush stimulus directly applied to murine hindlimb muscle. This model has increased our understanding of muscle regeneration but its open approach does not adequately represent the earthquake-related crush injury. The model we recommend for developing field-usable, muscle-specific interventions is a closed approach that involves a nonclamping crush stimulus. Findings from studies employing this recommended model may have greater relevance for developing interventions that lessen the earthquake’s devastating impact on individual and community health and quality of life, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Speck
- School of Nursing, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Oshima S, Ishikawa M, Mochizuki Y, Kobayashi T, Yasunaga Y, Ochi M. Enhancement of bone formation in an experimental bony defect using ferumoxide-labelled mesenchymal stromal cells and a magnetic targeting system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 92:1606-13. [PMID: 21037362 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.92b11.23491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We used interconnected porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic to bridge a rabbit ulnar defect. Two weeks after inducing the defect we percutaneously injected rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells labelled with ferumoxide. The contribution of an external magnetic targeting system to attract these cells into the ceramic and their effect on subsequent bone formation were evaluated. This technique significantly facilitated the infiltration of ferumoxide-labelled cells into ceramic and significantly contributed to the enhancement of bone formation even in the chronic phase. As such, it is potentially of clinical use to treat fractures, bone defects, delayed union and nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hiroshima University, Kasumi 1-2-3, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
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Abstract
The regenerative potential of injured adult tissue suggests the physiological existence of cells capable of participating in the reparative process. Recent studies indicate that stem-like cells residing in tissues contribute to tissue repair and are replenished by precursor bone marrow-derived cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are among the candidates for reparative cells. These cells can potentially be mobilized into the circulation in response to injury signals and exert their reparative effects at the site of injury. Current therapies for musculoskeletal injuries pose unavoidable risks which can impede full recovery. Trafficking of MSC to the injury site and their subsequent participation in the regenerative process is thought to be a natural healing response that can be imitated or augmented by enhancing the endogenous MSC pool with exogenously administered MSC. Therefore, a promising alternative to the existing strategies employed in the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries is to reinforce the inherent reparative capacity of the body by delivering MSC harvested from the patient's own tissues to the site of injury. The aim of this review is to inform the reader of studies that have evaluated the intrinsic homing and regenerative abilities of MSC, with particular emphasis on the repair of musculoskeletal injuries. Research that supports the direct use of MSC (without in vitro differentiation into tissue-specific cells) will also be reported. Based on accruing evidence that the natural healing mechanism involves the recruitment of MSC and their subsequent reparative actions at the site of injury, as well as documented therapeutic response after the exogenous administration of MSC, the feasibility of the emerging strategy of instant stem-cell therapy will be proposed.
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Cheng HLM, Islam SS, Loai Y, Antoon R, Beaumont M, Farhat WA. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Matrix Development in Cell-Seeded Natural Urinary Bladder Smooth Muscle Tissue-Engineered Constructs. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:643-51. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Margaret Cheng
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Syed S. Islam
- Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yasir Loai
- Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roula Antoon
- Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marine Beaumont
- Physiology & Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Walid A. Farhat
- Division of Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Peters A, Toben D, Lienau J, Schell H, Bail HJ, Matziolis G, Duda GN, Kaspar K. Locally Applied Osteogenic Predifferentiated Progenitor Cells Are More Effective Than Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Delayed Bone Healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:2947-54. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Peters
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Toben
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Lienau
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Schell
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann J. Bail
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Matziolis
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kaspar
- Julius Wolff Institut and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Pawelczyk E, Jordan EK, Balakumaran A, Chaudhry A, Gormley N, Smith M, Lewis BK, Childs R, Robey PG, Frank JA. In vivo transfer of intracellular labels from locally implanted bone marrow stromal cells to resident tissue macrophages. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6712. [PMID: 19696933 PMCID: PMC2726631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular labels such as dextran coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) or green fluorescent protein (GFP) are frequently used to study the fate of transplanted cells by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging or fluorescent microscopy. Bystander uptake of labeled cells by resident tissue macrophages (TM) can confound the interpretation of the presence of intracellular labels especially during direct implantation of cells, which can result in more than 70% cell death. In this study we determined the percentages of TM that took up SPION, BrdU or GFP from labeled bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were placed into areas of angiogenesis and inflammation in a mouse model known as Matrigel™ plaque perfusion assay. Cells recovered from digested plaques at various time points were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The analysis of harvested plaques revealed 5% of BrdU+, 5–10% of GFP+ and 5–15% of dextran+ macrophages. The transfer of the label was not dependent on cell dose or viability. Collectively, this study suggests that care should be taken to validate donor origin of cells using an independent marker by histology and to assess transplanted cells for TM markers prior to drawing conclusions about the in vivo behavior of transplanted cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Pawelczyk
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.
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Winkler T, von Roth P, Matziolis G, Mehta M, Perka C, Duda GN. Dose-response relationship of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation and functional regeneration after severe skeletal muscle injury in rats. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:487-92. [PMID: 18673090 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Various therapeutic strategies that aim to influence clinical outcome after severe skeletal muscle trauma have been considered. One such method, the local transplantation of stem cells, has been shown to improve tissue regeneration. The number of cells required for successful regeneration, however, remains unclear. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the correlation between the number of transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and the resulting muscle function. One week after inducing an open crush trauma in 34 female Sprague Dawley rats, increasing quantities of autologous MSCs (0.1 x 10(6), 1 x 10(6), 2.5 x 10(6), and 10 x 10(6) cells) or saline solution (control group) were transplanted into the left soleus muscle of the rat hind limb. At 4 weeks posttrauma, the outcome was assessed by measuring muscle contraction forces following an indirect fast twitch and tetanic stimulation. A logarithmic dose-response relationship was observed for both maximum twitch and tetanic contraction forces (R(2) = 0.9 for fast twitch [p = 0.004]; R(2) = 0.87 [p = 0.002] for tetanic contraction). The transplantation of 10 x 10(6) cells resulted in the most pronounced improvement of muscle force. MSC therapy represents a promising new tool for the treatment of skeletal muscle trauma that shows potential for aiding in the prevention of severe functional deficiencies. The logarithmic dose-response relationship demonstrates the association between the number of transplanted cells and the resulting muscle forces, as well as the amount of MSCs required for promoting muscular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winkler
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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