1
|
Tamburello M, Altieri B, Sbiera I, Sigala S, Berruti A, Fassnacht M, Sbiera S. FGF/FGFR signaling in adrenocortical development and tumorigenesis: novel potential therapeutic targets in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocrine 2022; 77:411-418. [PMID: 35583844 PMCID: PMC9385797 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
FGF/FGFR signaling regulates embryogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis and wound repair by modulating proliferation, differentiation, survival, migration and metabolism of target cells. Understandably, compelling evidence for deregulated FGF signaling in the development and progression of different types of tumors continue to emerge and FGFR inhibitors arise as potential targeted therapeutic agents, particularly in tumors harboring aberrant FGFR signaling. There is first evidence of a dual role of the FGF/FGFR system in both organogenesis and tumorigenesis, of which this review aims to provide an overview. FGF-1 and FGF-2 are expressed in the adrenal cortex and are the most powerful mitogens for adrenocortical cells. Physiologically, they are involved in development and maintenance of the adrenal gland and bind to a family of four tyrosine kinase receptors, among which FGFR1 and FGFR4 are the most strongly expressed in the adrenal cortex. The repeatedly proven overexpression of these two FGFRs also in adrenocortical cancer is thus likely a sign of their participation in proliferation and vascularization, though the exact downstream mechanisms are not yet elucidated. Thus, FGFRs potentially offer novel therapeutic targets also for adrenocortical carcinoma, a type of cancer resistant to conventional antimitotic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Tamburello
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Altieri
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Iuliu Sbiera
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehenssive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gayed A, Schott VA, Meltzer L. The First Reported Case of Hyperreninemic Hypoaldosteronism Due to Mucopolysaccharidosis Disorder. Cureus 2020; 12:e8487. [PMID: 32656005 PMCID: PMC7343310 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are rare genetic lysosomal storage disorders caused by a deficiency of enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans. MPS-III, also known as Sanfilippo syndrome, is caused by a deficiency of one of four enzymes that catalyze heparan sulfate proteoglycan degradation. MPS-IIIA results from a deficiency of heparan sulfatase. The natural history of MPS-IIIA is marked by progressive neurodegeneration. A nine-year-old boy with developmental delay presented with progressive three-month functional decline culminating in emergency department presentation for lethargy and immobility. Laboratory workup revealed hepatic and renal failure, coagulopathy, pancytopenia, hypernatremia, and uremia requiring emergent dialysis. He developed hyperkalemia during the second month of hospitalization, the workup of which led to a diagnosis of hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism with normal cortisol. Blood chemistry consistent with renal hypoperfusion prompted exploration of adrenal ischemia, specifically affecting the zona glomerulosa and sparing the zona fasciculata, to explain low aldosterone with normal cortisol. Heparan sulfate (HS) normally acts as a storage site for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a paracrine stimulator of aldosterone, but accumulates in MPS-IIIA due to deficiency of heparan sulfatase. If bFGF is sequestered in HS deposits in MPS-III, then paracrine signaling is reduced, accounting for the state of hypoaldosteronism. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism caused by an MPS disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Gayed
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Valerie A Schott
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, USA
| | - Laura Meltzer
- Pediatrics, Rush University Children's Hospital, Chicago, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lerario AM, Finco I, LaPensee C, Hammer GD. Molecular Mechanisms of Stem/Progenitor Cell Maintenance in the Adrenal Cortex. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28386245 PMCID: PMC5362593 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is characterized by three histologically and functionally distinct zones: the outermost zona glomerulosa (zG), the intermediate zona fasciculata, and the innermost zona reticularis. Important aspects of the physiology and maintenance of the adrenocortical stem/progenitor cells have emerged in the last few years. Studies have shown that the adrenocortical cells descend from a pool of progenitors that are localized in the subcapsular region of the zG. These cells continually undergo a process of centripetal displacement and differentiation, which is orchestrated by several paracrine and endocrine cues, including the pituitary-derived adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and angiotensin II. However, while several roles of the endocrine axes on adrenocortical function are well established, the mechanisms coordinating the maintenance of an undifferentiated progenitor cell pool with self-renewal capacity are poorly understood. Local factors, such as the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with embedded signaling molecules, and the activity of major paracrine effectors, including ligands of the sonic hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways, are thought to play a major role. Particularly, the composition of the ECM, which exhibits substantial differences within each of the three histologically distinct concentric zones, has been shown to influence the differentiation status of adrenocortical cells. New data from other organ systems and different experimental paradigms strongly support the conclusion that the interactions of ECM components with cell-surface receptors and secreted factors are key determinants of cell fate. In this review, we summarize established and emerging data on the paracrine and autocrine regulatory loops that regulate the biology of the progenitor cell niche and propose a role for bioengineered ECM models in further elucidating this biology in the adrenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Isabella Finco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher LaPensee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary Douglas Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Endocrine Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Center for Organogenesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Gary Douglas Hammer,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pihlajoki M, Dörner J, Cochran RS, Heikinheimo M, Wilson DB. Adrenocortical zonation, renewal, and remodeling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:27. [PMID: 25798129 PMCID: PMC4350438 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal cortex is divided into concentric zones. In humans the major cortical zones are the zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis. The adrenal cortex is a dynamic organ in which senescent cells are replaced by newly differentiated ones. This constant renewal facilitates organ remodeling in response to physiological demand for steroids. Cortical zones can reversibly expand, contract, or alter their biochemical profiles to accommodate needs. Pools of stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal capsule, subcapsular region, and juxtamedullary region can differentiate to repopulate or expand zones. Some of these pools appear to be activated only during specific developmental windows or in response to extreme physiological demand. Senescent cells can also be replenished through direct lineage conversion; for example, cells in the zona glomerulosa can transform into cells of the zona fasciculata. Adrenocortical cell differentiation, renewal, and function are regulated by a variety of endocrine/paracrine factors including adrenocorticotropin, angiotensin II, insulin-related growth hormones, luteinizing hormone, activin, and inhibin. Additionally, zonation and regeneration of the adrenal cortex are controlled by developmental signaling pathways, such as the sonic hedgehog, delta-like homolog 1, fibroblast growth factor, and WNT/β-catenin pathways. The mechanisms involved in adrenocortical remodeling are complex and redundant so as to fulfill the offsetting goals of organ homeostasis and stress adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjut Pihlajoki
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Dörner
- Hochschule Mannheim – University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Cochran
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B. Wilson
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- *Correspondence: David B. Wilson, Washington University School of Medicine, Box 8208, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kool MMJ, Galac S, Kooistra HS, Mol JA. Expression of angiogenesis-related genes in canine cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2014; 47:73-82. [PMID: 24377872 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of angiogenesis-related genes in canine cortisol-secreting adrenocortical tumors (ATs). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed mRNA encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2, angiopoietin 1 and 2 (ANGPT1 and ANGPT2), the splice variant ANGPT2443, the ANGPT-receptor Tie2, and basic fibroblast growth factor in 38 canine cortisol-secreting ATs (26 carcinomas and 12 adenomas) and 15 normal adrenals. The relative expression of both ANGPT2 and ANGPT2443 was higher in adenomas (P = 0.020 for ANGPT2 and P = 0.002 for ANGPT2443) and carcinomas (P = 0.003 for ANGPT2 and P < 0.001 for ANGPT2443) compared with normal adrenals, and this enhanced expression was also detected with Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry indicated expression of ANGPT2 protein in AT cells and in vascular endothelial cells of carcinomas, whereas Tie2 was mainly present in the tumor vascular endothelial cells. The ANGPT2-to-ANGTPT1 ratio, a marker for a proangiogenic state, was higher in both adenomas (P = 0.020) and carcinomas (P = 0.043). With the use of the human H295R cortisol-producing adrenocortical carcinoma cell line, we were able to demonstrate that the ANGPT2 expression was stimulated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate and progesterone but not by cortisol. In conclusion, canine cortisol-secreting ATs have enhanced ANGPT2 expression with a concomitant shift toward a proangiogenic state. On the basis of this information, treatment modalities may be developed that interfere with ANGPT2 expression, including inhibition of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A pathway, or of the effect of ANGPT2, by using specific ANGPT2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M J Kool
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Galac
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - H S Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Mol
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tyczewska M, Rucinski M, Ziolkowska A, Szyszka M, Trejter M, Hochol-Molenda A, Nowak KW, Malendowicz LK. Enucleation-induced rat adrenal gland regeneration: expression profile of selected genes involved in control of adrenocortical cell proliferation. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:130359. [PMID: 25431590 PMCID: PMC4241258 DOI: 10.1155/2014/130359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enucleation-induced adrenal regeneration is a highly controlled process; however, only some elements involved in this process have been recognized. Therefore, we performed studies on regenerating rat adrenals. Microarray RNA analysis and QPCR revealed that enucleation resulted in a rapid elevation of expression of genes involved in response to wounding, defense response, and in immunological processes. Factors encoded by these genes obscure possible priming effects of various cytokines on initiation of regeneration. In regenerating adrenals we identified over 100 up- or downregulated genes involved in adrenocortical cell proliferation. The changes were most significant at days 2-3 after enucleation and their number decreased during regeneration. For example, expression analysis revealed a notable upregulation of the growth arrest gene, Gadd45, only 24 hours after surgery while expression of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 genes was notably elevated between days 1-8 of regeneration. These changes were accompanied by changes in expression levels of numerous growth factors and immediate-early transcription factors genes. Despite notable differences in mechanisms of adrenal and liver regeneration, in regenerating adrenals we identified genes, the expression of which is well recognized in regenerating liver. Thus, it seems legitimate to suggest that, in the rat, the general model of liver and adrenal regeneration demonstrate some degree of similarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Rucinski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Szyszka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Trejter
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Hochol-Molenda
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Ludwik K. Malendowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- *Ludwik K. Malendowicz:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guasti L, Candy Sze W, McKay T, Grose R, King PJ. FGF signalling through Fgfr2 isoform IIIb regulates adrenal cortex development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 371:182-8. [PMID: 23376610 PMCID: PMC3650577 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways are implicated in the formation and maintenance of the adrenal gland, but their roles are currently not well defined. In recent years it has emerged that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt/β catenin signalling are crucial for the growth and development of the adrenal cortex. Here we demonstrate that Fibroblast growth factor receptor (Fgfr) 2 isoforms IIIb and IIIc are expressed mainly in the adrenal subcapsule during embryogenesis and that specific deletion of the Fgfr2 IIIb isoform impairs adrenal development, causing reduced adrenal growth and impaired expression of SF1 and steroidogenic enzymes. The hypoplastic adrenals also have thicker, disorganised capsules which retain Gli1 expression but no longer express Dlk1. Fgfr2 ligands were detected in both the capsule and the cortex, suggesting the importance of signalling between the capsule and the cortex in adrenal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guasti
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - W.C. Candy Sze
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tristan McKay
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Grose
- Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter J. King
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yates R, Katugampola H, Cavlan D, Cogger K, Meimaridou E, Hughes C, Metherell L, Guasti L, King P. Adrenocortical Development, Maintenance, and Disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 106:239-312. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416021-7.00007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
Tyczewska M, Rucinski M, Trejter M, Ziolkowska A, Szyszka M, Malendowicz LK. Angiogenesis in the course of enucleation-induced adrenal regeneration--expression of selected genes and proteins involved in development of capillaries. Peptides 2012; 38:404-13. [PMID: 23041583 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enucleation-induced rapid proliferation of adrenocortical cells and restoration of adrenals structure requires formation of new blood vessels. The performed studies aimed to select from around 30,000 transcripts, identified by means of Affymetrix(®) Rat Gene 1.1 ST Array, the genes involved in angiogenesis in the course of enucleation-induced adrenal regeneration and to characterize their expression levels in regenerating gland between days 1 and 15 after surgery. At day 1 of regeneration almost 2000 genes showed more than 2-fold up/down-regulation. At days 1-3 after surgery the highest expression demonstrated genes involved in the development of inflammation and blood clot formation. From around 2000 genes we selected genes involved in angiogenesis. During the regeneration 62 genes involved in angiogenesis were identified as up- or down-regulated. Some data were also validated by QPCR. Levels of Vegfa and Kdr (Vegfr-2) mRNAs were very low at day 1 of regeneration and remained unchanged thereafter. The highest expression of Figf gene was found at day 5 while that of Vwf gene at days 1 and 2 after surgery. Levels of Thy1 mRNA increased notably between days 2 and 5 of the experiment. In comparison to control rats, Mc2r (ACTH receptor) expression was lowered at day 1 of the experiment and remained unchanged thereafter. This suggests that enucleation-induced adrenal neoangiogenesis does not require elevated expression of ACTH receptor. Results of our studies strongly suggest that enucleation-induced adrenal regeneration is an angiogenesis-dependent process. Moreover, immunohistochemistry suggests that regenerating adrenal parenchymal cells release numerous angiogenic factors which paracrinally may regulate formation of new vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Tyczewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mazilu JK, McCabe ERB. Moving toward personalized cell-based interventions for adrenal cortical disorders: part 2--Human diseases and tissue engineering. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:80-8. [PMID: 21764617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of an individual's own cells into functional differentiated cells to replace an organ's lost function would be a personalized approach to therapeutics. In this two part series, we will describe the progress toward establishing functional transdifferentiated adrenal cortical cells. In this article (Part 2), we describe the disorders of the adrenal cortex, therefore establishing why there is the need for personalized cell-based therapy for individuals with these disorders. We then present our pilot studies of cell transdifferentiation toward an adrenal cortical fate using genes described in the first article of this pair (Part 1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime K Mazilu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mattos GE, Jacysyn JF, Amarante-Mendes GP, Lotfi CFP. Comparative effect of FGF2, synthetic peptides 1-28 N-POMC and ACTH on proliferation in rat adrenal cell primary cultures. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 345:343-56. [PMID: 21866314 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptides other than adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) have a role in adrenal cell proliferation. We compared the activity of synthetic rat N-terminal POMC fragment 1-28 with disulfide bridges (N-POMC(w)) and without disulfide bridges (N-POMC(w/o)), with the activity of fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), a widely studied adrenal growth factor, and ACTH, in well-characterized pure cultures of both isolated adrenal Glomerulosa (G) and Fasciculata/Reticularis (F/R) cells. Three days of FGF2-treatment had a proliferative effect similar to serum, and synthetic peptide N-POMC(w) induced proliferation more efficiently than N-POMC(w/o). Moreover, both induced proliferation via the ERK1/2 pathway. In contrast, sustained ACTH treatment decreased proliferation and viability through apoptosis induction, but not necrosis, and independently of PKA and PKC pathways. Further elucidation of 1-28 POMC signal transduction is of interest, and primary cultures of adrenal cells were found to be useful for examining the trophic activity of this peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele E Mattos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mazilu JK, McCabe ERB. Moving toward personalized cell-based interventions for adrenal cortical disorders: part 1--Adrenal development and function, and roles of transcription factors and signaling proteins. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:72-9. [PMID: 21764344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transdifferentiation of an individual's own cells into functional differentiated cells to replace an organ's lost function would be a personalized approach to therapeutics. In this two part series, we will describe the progress toward establishing functional transdifferentiated adrenal cortical cells. In this article (Part 1), we describe adrenal development and function, and discuss genes involved in these processess and selected for use in our pilot studies of transdifferentiation that are presented in the second article (Part 2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime K Mazilu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|