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Bi M, Yang K, Yu T, Wu G, Li Q. Cell-based mechanisms and strategies of co-culture system both in vivo and vitro for bone tissue engineering. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115907. [PMID: 37984308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of a functional vascular supply has been identified as a major challenge limiting the clinical introduction of stem cell-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) for the repair of large-volume bone defects (LVBD). Various approaches have been explored to improve the vascular supply in tissue-engineered constructs, and the development of strategies that could effectively induce the establishment of a functional vascular supply has become a major goal of BTE research. One of the state-of-the-art methods is to incorporate both angiogenic and osteogenic cells in co-culture systems. This review clarifies the key concepts involved, summarises the cell types and models used to date, and systematically evaluates their performance. We also discuss the cell-to-cell communication between these two cell types and the strategies explored in BTE constructs with angiogenic and osteogenic cells to optimise their functions. In addition, we outline unresolved issues and remaining obstacles that need to be overcome for further development in this field and eventual successful repair of LVBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengning Bi
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Department of Oral Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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Isaković J, Šerer K, Barišić B, Mitrečić D. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: The light or the dark side of the force? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1139359. [PMID: 36926687 PMCID: PMC10011535 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1139359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are recognized as major causes of death and disability worldwide. Because of this, they represent one of the largest public health challenges. With awareness of the massive burden associated with these disorders, came the recognition that treatment options were disproportionately scarce and, oftentimes, ineffective. To address these problems, modern research is increasingly looking into novel, more effective methods to treat neurological patients; one of which is cell-based therapies. In this review, we present a critical analysis of the features, challenges, and prospects of one of the stem cell types that can be employed to treat numerous neurological disorders-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Despite the fact that several studies have already established the safety of MSC-based treatment approaches, there are still some reservations within the field regarding their immunocompatibility, heterogeneity, stemness stability, and a range of adverse effects-one of which is their tumor-promoting ability. We additionally examine MSCs' mechanisms of action with respect to in vitro and in vivo research as well as detail the findings of past and ongoing clinical trials for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, ischemic stroke, glioblastoma multiforme, and multiple sclerosis. Finally, this review discusses prospects for MSC-based therapeutics in the form of biomaterials, as well as the use of electromagnetic fields to enhance MSCs' proliferation and differentiation into neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Isaković
- Omnion Research International, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Klara Šerer
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Barišić
- University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.,Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Prajwal GS, Jeyaraman N, Kanth V K, Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Rajendran SNS, Rajendran RL, Khanna M, Oh EJ, Choi KY, Chung HY, Ahn BC, Gangadaran P. Lineage Differentiation Potential of Different Sources of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis Knee. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040386. [PMID: 35455383 PMCID: PMC9028477 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) have paved a way for treating musculoskeletal diseases in a minimally invasive manner. The regenerative medicine cocktail involves the usage of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), either uncultured or culture-expanded cells along with growth factors, cytokines, exosomes, and secretomes to provide a better regenerative milieu in degenerative diseases. The successful regeneration of cartilage depends on the selection of the appropriate source of MSCs, the quality, quantity, and frequency of MSCs to be injected, and the selection of the patient at an appropriate stage of the disease. However, confirmation on the most favorable source of MSCs remains uncertain to clinicians. The lack of knowledge in the current cellular treatment is uncertain in terms of how beneficial MSCs are in the long-term or short-term (resolution of pain) and improved quality of life. Whether MSCs treatments have any superiority, exists due to sources of MSCs utilized in their potential to objectively regenerate the cartilage at the target area. Many questions on source and condition remain unanswered. Hence, in this review, we discuss the lineage differentiation potentials of various sources of MSCs used in the management of knee osteoarthritis and emphasize the role of tissue engineering in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Mallika Spine Centre, Guntur 522001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Research Fellow, Fellowship in Orthopaedic Rheumatology (FEIORA), Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India; (G.S.P.); (N.J.)
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Kanth V
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
| | - Madhan Jeyaraman
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Mahabubabad 506104, Telangana, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine—Sri Lalithambigai Medical College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai 600095, Tamil Nadu, India
- Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore 641001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran
- Department of Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry 605102, Puducherry, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Manish Khanna
- Indian Stem Cell Study Group (ISCSG) Association, Lucknow 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India; (S.M.); (M.K.)
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624001, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Orthopaedics, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Kang Young Choi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea; (E.J.O.); (K.Y.C.); (H.Y.C.)
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.J.); (B.-C.A.); (P.G.)
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Kim SA, Park HY, Shin YW, Go EJ, Kim YJ, Kim YC, Shetty AA, Kim SJ. Hemovac blood after total knee arthroplasty as a source of stem cells. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1406. [PMID: 33313151 PMCID: PMC7723525 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background With increasing life expectancy, stem cell therapy is receiving increasing attention. However, its application is restricted by ethical concerns. Hence a need exists for design of safe procedures for stem cell procurement. Here, we investigated whether hemovac blood (HVB) is an appropriate stem cell source. Methods HVB concentrates (HVBCs) from 20 total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) concentrates (BMACs) from 15 patients who underwent knee cartilage repair were comparatively evaluated. A bone marrow aspiration needle was inserted into the anterior superior iliac spine. Aspiration was performed using a 50-mL syringe, including 4 mL of anticoagulant, followed by centrifugation to obtain BMACs. To obtain HVBCs, blood was aspirated from the hemovac immediately after TKA surgery. Different cell types were enumerated. Isolation of BMA and HVB mononuclear cells was performed using density gradient centrifugation. Non-hematopoietic fibroblast colonies were quantified by colony forming unit-fibroblast assay surface marker analysis of HVB, HVBC, BMA, and BMAC was performed via flow cytometry. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from HVBCs and BMACs were examined for osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results The number of cells from HVB and HVBC was significantly lower than from BMA and BMAC; however, the number of colonies in HVBC and BMAC did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Isolated cells from both sources had a fibroblast-like appearance, adhered to culture flasks, and formed colonies. Under different culture conditions, MSC-specific surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105), osteogenic markers [RUNX2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and adipogenic markers (PPARγ and C/EBPα) were expressed. Moreover, SOX9, type II collagen, and aggrecan were significantly upregulated upon chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions HVB from TKA patients is a useful source of stem cells for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Youn Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Shin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Inje University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Go
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Nursing Education & Administration, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Chang Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Asode Ananthram Shetty
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Seok Jung Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Peripheral Blood As a Source of Stem Cells for Regenerative Medicine: Emphasis Towards Corneal Epithelial Reconstruction-An In Vitro Study. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:495-510. [PMID: 32572811 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments are now emerging as a therapy for corneal epithelial damage. Although bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood are the main sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), other tissues like the peripheral blood also harbor mesenchymal-like stem cells called peripheral blood-derived mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). These blood derived stem cells gained a lot of attention due to its minimally invasive collection and ease of isolation. In this study, the feasibility of using PBMNCs as an alternative cell source to corneal limbal stem cells envisaging corneal epithelial regeneration was evaluated. METHODS Rabbit PBMNCs were isolated using density gradient centrifugation and was evaluated for mesenchymal cell properties including stemness. PBMNCs were differentiated to corneal epithelial lineage using rabbit limbal explant conditioned media and was evaluated by immuno-cytochemistry and gene expression analysis. Further, the differentiated PBMNCs were engineered into a cell sheet using an in-house developed thermo-responsive polymer. RESULTS These blood derived cells were demonstrated to have similar properties to mesenchymal stem cells. Corneal epithelial lineage commitment of PBMNCs was confirmed by the positive expression of CK3/12 marker thereby demonstrating the aptness as an alternative to limbal stem cells. These differentiated cells effectively generated an in vitro cell sheet that was then demonstrated for cell sheet transfer on an ex vivo excised rabbit eye. CONCLUSION PBMNCs as an alternative autologous cell source for limbal stem cells is envisaged as an effective therapeutic strategy for corneal surface reconstruction especially for patients with bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency.
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Lotfy A, El-Sherbiny YM, Cuthbert R, Jones E, Badawy A. Comparative study of biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from mouse bone marrow and peripheral blood. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:165-170. [PMID: 31565222 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, indicating their prospects as cellular therapeutic agents for regenerative medicine. Although adult bone marrow (BM) is the major source of these cells for clinical use, harvesting requires invasive procedures. Therefore, alternative sources, such as peripheral blood (PB), are needed. The objective of the current study was to compare PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs with regard to their biological characteristics. PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs were isolated from 4-week-old BALB/c white mice by density gradient centrifugation and cultured in DMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum until passage four. Morphological features, proliferation, cell surface marker expression and trilineage differentiation potential were assessed for both PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs. No significant differences in morphological features were observed. BM-MSCs had a higher proliferative capability than PB-MSCs as measured by XTT assays. Both PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs had broadly similar cell surface marker expression, but PB-MSCs had positive expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)146 and CD140b. Both PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs were capable of trilineage differentiation. Although BM-MSCs had a greater capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation than PB-MSCs, PB-MSCs had a better capability for adipogenic differentiation than BM-MSCs. In conclusion, PB-MSCs and BM-MSCs have very similar biological characteristics. Thus, PB is a promising source for easily obtaining MSCs in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Lotfy
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Yasser M El-Sherbiny
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.,Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Richard Cuthbert
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Elena Jones
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ahmed Badawy
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Meeson R, Sanghani‐Keri A, Coathup M, Blunn G. VEGF with AMD3100 endogenously mobilizes mesenchymal stem cells and improves fracture healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1294-1302. [PMID: 30345545 PMCID: PMC6563072 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of fractures develop non-union. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy may be beneficial, however, this requires cell acquisition, culture and delivery. Endogenous mobilization of stem cells offers a non-invasive alternative. The hypothesis was administration of VEGF and the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 would increase the circulating pool of available MSCs and improve fracture healing. Ex-breeder female wistar rats received VEGF followed by AMD3100, or sham PBS. Blood prepared for culture and colonies were counted. P3 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, bi-differentiation. The effect of mobilization on fracture healing was evaluated with 1.5 mm femoral osteotomy stabilized with an external fixator in 12-14 week old female Wistars. The mobilized group had significantly greater number of cfus/ml compared to controls, p = 0.029. The isolated cells expressed 1.8% CD34, 35% CD45, 61% CD29, 78% CD90, and differentiated into osteoblasts but not into adipocytes. The fracture gap in animals treated with VEGF and AMD3100 showed increased bone volume; 5.22 ± 1.7 µm3 and trabecular thickness 0.05 ± 0.01 µm compared with control animals (4.3 ± 3.1 µm3 , 0.04 ± 0.01 µm, respectively). Radiographic scores quantifying fracture healing (RUST) showed that the animals in the mobilization group had a higher healing score compared to controls (9.6 vs. 7.7). Histologically, mobilization resulted in significantly lower group variability in bone formation (p = 0.032) and greater amounts of bone and less fibrous tissue than the control group. Clinical significance: This pre-clinical study demonstrates a beneficial effect of endogenous MSC mobilization on fracture healing, which may have translation potential to prevent or treat clinical fractures at risk of delayed or non-union fractures. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1294-1302, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Meeson
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,Royal Veterinary CollegeHertfordshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Melanie Coathup
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of Central FloridaFlorida
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Division of SurgeryUniversity College LondonStanmoreUnited Kingdom,University of PortsmouthPortsmouthUnited Kingdom
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Chen QH, Ran FY, Yu LM, Liu X, Fu Q, Song GY, Tang JM, Zhang T. Combination of G-CSF and AMD3100 Improves the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Inducing M2 Polarization of Macrophages Through NF-κB-IL1RA Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:579. [PMID: 31191315 PMCID: PMC6546872 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobilized peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) mainly derived from bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) exert a similar anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of mobilized PB-MSCs by a combination of G-CSF and AMD3100 remains unclear. Cultured rat PB-MSCs mobilized by G-CSF/AMD3100 have shown typical surface markers and potential for multiple differentiations, similar to non-mobilized BM-MSCs. In a co-culture system, rat M0-type macrophages co-cultured with PB-MSCs have shown higher expression of M2 markers including CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, and CCL-22 than BM-MSCs, indicating that PB-MSCs induced greater M0 polarization to M2. Furthermore, compared with BM-MSCs, PB-MSCs in a co-culture system with lipopolysaccharide-induced M1-type macrophages more efficiently promoted M1 polarization to M2, accompanied by increasing expression of CD206, Arg-1, IL-10, and CCL-22 while decreasing expression of M1 markers including iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, indicating that PB-MSCs triggered greater M1 polarization to M2. Subsequently, polymerase chain reaction arrays showed higher expressions of both IL1rn and Tnfrsf11b in PB-MSCs versus BM-MSCs. In response to an inflammatory niche, such as TNF-α, PB-MSCs have shown higher expression and release of IL1RA, causing greater M2 polarization of macrophages, and the special effects may be almost entirely abolished through the neutralization antibody of IL1RA. Mechanistic studies determined that PB-MSCs showed higher levels NF-κBp65 and NF-κBp-p65 than BM-MSCs, which could be obviously enhanced by TNF-α. And the increased IL1RA expression by TNF-α in PB-MSCs could be markedly canceled by an NF-κB inhibitor PDTC. Interestingly, mimicking the mobilized PB-MSCs by a combination of G-CSF and AMD3100 in vivo, BM-MSCs were treated with G-CSF and/or AMD3100 in vitro, showing the increased expressions of NF-κBp65 and IL1RA, which could be prominently abolished by PDTC. Therefore, targeting IL1rn, gene modification or drug intervention for MSCs may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for human diseases, especially inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Experimental Medical Center, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qin-Hua Chen
- Experimental Medical Center, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Feng-Yin Ran
- Experimental Medical Center, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li-Mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Gong-Yu Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun-Ming Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renming Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Institute of Biomedicine and Key Lab of Human Embryonic Stem Cell of Hubei Province, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Kumar A, Kumar V, Rattan V, Jha V, Bhattacharyya S. Secretome proteins regulate comparative osteogenic and adipogenic potential in bone marrow and dental stem cells. Biochimie 2018; 155:129-139. [PMID: 30367923 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental stem cells (DMSC) have been studied extensively since their early discovery. However, the data regarding osteogenic potential of DMSC with other cell types is sparse and the secretome proteins underlying these differences have not been explored. In this study, we have compared the osteogenic and adipogenic potential of DMSC with Bone Marrow Stem cells (BMSC) and reported the contribution of secretome proteins in controlling their differentiation. METHODS Osteogenic potential of these stem cells was compared by mineralization assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, immunofluorescence of dentine sialo phosphoprotein (DSPP) & qPCR for osteogenic genes. Adipogenic potential was compared by Oil Red O staining and qPCR for PPAR-γ, leptin & adipsin. Proteomic analysis of secretome was performed by employing WATERS nano Lc-MS/MS system. RESULTS We observed a higher osteogenic potential in DMSC, especially dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) as compared to BMSC population but adipogenic potential was found to be better in BMSC as compared to DMSC. Deeper investigations into secretome of these cells by Lc-MS/MS revealed the presence of proteins pertaining to osteogenic and adipogenic lineage. Presence of some important proteins regulating osteogenic (DSPP, BMP7, DDR2, USP9X) and adipogenic differentiation (NCOA2, PEG10, LPA) in secretome of BMSC and DMSC reflected the role of paracrine factors during differentiation. CONCLUSION Our study provides first evidence regarding regulation of osteogenic/adipogenic potential by secretome proteins in DMSC and BMSC. DMSC especially DPSC and its secretome show an inherent tendency for higher osteogenic differentiation and lower adipogenic differentiation, these may be potential candidates for effective future therapy in osteoporosis where disturbance of osteocyte/adipocyte homeostasis is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vidya Rattan
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Health Science Centre, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekananda Jha
- Department of Nephrology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India; The George Institute for Global Health, India
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Kong J, Wei B, Groth T, Chen Z, Li L, He D, Huang R, Chu J, Zhao M. Biomineralization improves mechanical and osteogenic properties of multilayer-modified PLGA porous scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2714-2725. [PMID: 30133124 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Poly-(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) has been widely investigated as scaffold material for bone tissue engineering owing to its biosafety, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. However, the bioinert surface of PLGA may fail in regulating cellular behavior and directing osteointegration between the scaffold and the host tissue. In this article, oxidized chondroitin sulfate (oCS) and type I collagen (Col I) were assembled onto PLGA surface via layer by layer technique (LbL) as an adhesive coating for the attachment of inorganic minerals. The multilayer-modified PLGA scaffold was mineralized in vitro to ensure the deposition of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP). It was found that nHAP crystals were more uniformly and firmly attached on the multilayer-modified PLGA as compared with the pure PLGA scaffold, which remarkably improved PLGA surface and mechanical properties. Additionally, in vitro biocompatibility of PLGA scaffold, in terms of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) attachment, spreading and proliferation was greatly enhanced by nHAP coating and multilayer deposition. Furthermore, the fabricated composite scaffold also shows the ability to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the up-regulation of osteogenic marker genes. Thus, this novel biomimetic composite scaffold might achieve a desirable therapeutic result for bone tissue regeneration. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2714-2725, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Kong
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Heinrich Damerow Strasse 4, D 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Material Research, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Zhuming Chen
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.,Department of Spinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dongning He
- Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jiaqi Chu
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Mingyan Zhao
- Stem Cell Research and Cellular Therapy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
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11
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Liu R, Lin Y, Lin J, Zhang L, Mao X, Huang B, Xiao Y, Chen Z, Chen Z. Blood Prefabrication Subcutaneous Small Animal Model for the Evaluation of Bone Substitute Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2516-2527. [PMID: 33435115 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yixiong Lin
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Jinying Lin
- Xiamen Stomatological Hospital, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Linjun Zhang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Xueli Mao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Baoxin Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and the Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
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12
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Yang Z, Vajta G, Xu Y, Luan J, Lin M, Liu C, Tian J, Dou H, Li Y, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li L, Yang W, Bolund L, Yang H, Du Y. Production of Pigs by Hand-Made Cloning Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Fibroblasts. Cell Reprogram 2017; 18:256-63. [PMID: 27459584 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2015.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibited self-renewal and less differentiation, making the MSCs promising candidates for adult somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this article, we tried to produce genome identical pigs through hand-made cloning (HMC), with MSCs and adult skin fibroblasts as donor cells. MSCs were derived from either adipose tissue or peripheral blood (aMSCs and bMSCs, respectively). MSCs usually showed the expression pattern of CD29, CD73, CD90, and CD105 together with lack of expression of the hematopoietic markers CD34and CD45. Flow cytometry results demonstrated high expression of CD29 and CD90 in both MSC lines, while CD73, CD34, and CD45 expression were not detected. In contrary, in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, CD73 and CD34 were detected indicating that human antibodies CD73 and CD34 were not suitable to identify porcine cell surface markers and porcine MSC cellular surface markers of CD34 might be different from other species. MSCs also had potential to differentiate successfully into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes. After HMC, embryos reconstructed with aMSCs had higher blastocyst rate on day 5 and 6 than those reconstructed with bMSCs and fibroblasts (29.6% ± 1.3% and 41.1% ± 1.4% for aMSCs vs. 23.9% ± 1.2% and 35.5% ± 1.6% for bMSCs and 22.1% ± 0.9% and 33.3% ± 1.1% for fibroblasts, respectively). Live birth rate per transferred blastocyst achieved with bMSCs (1.59%) was the highest among the three groups. This article was the first report to compare the efficiency among bMSCs, aMSCs, and fibroblasts for boar cloning, which offered a realistic perspective to use the HMC technology for commercial breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Gábor Vajta
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,3 Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Ying Xu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Luan
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Mufei Lin
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Liu
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianing Tian
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Li
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxian Yang
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- 2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China .,4 Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus , Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Yutao Du
- 1 BGI Ark Biotechnology Co., LTD (BAB) , Shenzhen, China .,2 BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen, China
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Shi X, Zhang W, Yin L, Chilian WM, Krieger J, Zhang P. Vascular precursor cells in tissue injury repair. Transl Res 2017; 184:77-100. [PMID: 28284670 PMCID: PMC5429880 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular precursor cells include stem cells and progenitor cells giving rise to all mature cell types in the wall of blood vessels. When tissue injury occurs, local hypoxia and inflammation result in the generation of vasculogenic mediators which orchestrate migration of vascular precursor cells from their niche environment to the site of tissue injury. The intricate crosstalk among signaling pathways coordinates vascular precursor cell proliferation and differentiation during neovascularization. Establishment of normal blood perfusion plays an essential role in the effective repair of the injured tissue. In recent years, studies on molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular precursor cell function have achieved substantial progress, which promotes exploration of vascular precursor cell-based approaches to treat chronic wounds and ischemic diseases in vital organ systems. Verification of safety and establishment of specific guidelines for the clinical application of vascular precursor cell-based therapy remain major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Nursing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - William M Chilian
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Jessica Krieger
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio.
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Rodriguez-Fontan F, Piuzzi NS, Chahla J, Payne KA, LaPrade RF, Muschler GF, Pascual-Garrido C. Stem and Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Repair: Source, Safety, Evidence, and Efficacy. OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.otsm.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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15
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Chondrogenic Potential of Peripheral Blood Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Seeded on Demineralized Cancellous Bone Scaffolds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36400. [PMID: 27821864 PMCID: PMC5099580 DOI: 10.1038/srep36400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a cell source with large quantity and easy access, peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells (PBMSCs) were isolated and seeded in porcine demineralized cancellous bone (DCB) scaffolds, cultured in chondrogenic medium and evaluated for in vitro chondrogenesis. Bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs) and articular cartilage chondrocytes (ACCs) underwent the same process as controls. The morphology, viability and proliferation of PBMSCs in DCB scaffolds were similar to those of BMMSCs and ACCs. PBMSCs and BMMSCs showed similar chondrogenesis potential with consistent production of COL 2 and SOX 9 protein and increased COL 2 and AGC mRNA expressions at week 3 but the COL 2 protein production was still less than that of ACCs. Minimal increase of hypertrophic markers was found in all groups. Relatively higher ALP and lower COL 10 mRNA expressions were found in both MSCs groups at week 3 than that in ACCs, whereas no significant difference of COL 1 and SOX 9 mRNA and MMP 13 protein was found among all groups. To conclude, PBMSCs shared similar proliferation and chondrogenic potential with BMMSCs in DCB scaffolds and could be an alternative to BMMSCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Further optimization of chondrogenesis system is needed regardless of the promising results.
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16
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Wang SJ, Yin MH, Jiang D, Zhang ZZ, Qi YS, Wang HJ, Yu JK. The Chondrogenic Potential of Progenitor Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood: A Systematic Review. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1195-207. [PMID: 27353075 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Joint Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meng-Hong Yin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Song Qi
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Kuo Yu
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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17
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Abstract
Treatment of osteochondral defects (OCLs) of the talus is a challenging orthopedic surgery. Treatment of talar OCLs has evolved through the 3 "R" paradigm: reconstruction, repair, and replacement. This article highlights current state-of-the-art techniques and reviews recent advances in the literature about articular cartilage repair using various novel tissue engineering approaches, including various scaffolds, growth factors, and cell niches; which include chondrocytes and culture-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad M Haleem
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oklahoma University College of Medicine Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University School of Medicine, Saray El-Manial Street, El-Manial, Cairo 12411, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa M AbouSayed
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University School of Medicine, Saray El-Manial Street, El-Manial, Cairo 12411, Egypt; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Albany Medical College, 1367 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12206, USA
| | - Mohammed Gomaa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University School of Medicine, Saray El-Manial Street, El-Manial, Cairo 12411, Egypt
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Noh MJ, Lee KH. Orthopedic cellular therapy: An overview with focus on clinical trials. World J Orthop 2015; 6:754-61. [PMID: 26601056 PMCID: PMC4644862 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v6.i10.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, the authors tried to evaluate the present state of cellular therapy in orthopedic field. The topics the authors try to cover include not only the clinical trials but the various research areas as well. Both the target diseases for cellular therapy and the target cells were reviewed. New methods to activate the cells were interesting to review. Most advanced clinical trials were also included because several of them have advanced to phase III clinical trials. In the orthopedic field, there are many diseases with a definite treatment gap at this time. Because cellular therapies can regenerate damaged tissues, there is a possibility for cellular therapies to become disease modifying drugs. It is not clear whether cellular therapies will become the standard of care in any of the orthopedic disorders, however the amount of research being performed and the number of clinical trials that are on-going make the authors believe that cellular therapies will become important treatment modalities within several years.
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Gugjoo MB, . A, Kinjavdeka P, Aithal HP, Matin Ansa M, Pawde AM, Sharma GT. Isolation, Culture and Characterization of New Zealand White Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.537.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hopper N, Wardale J, Brooks R, Power J, Rushton N, Henson F. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Enhance Cartilage Repair in in vivo Osteochondral Defect Model. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133937. [PMID: 26252391 PMCID: PMC4529143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in terms of their potential in cartilage repair and investigated their ability to improve the healing in a pre-clinical large animal model. Human PBMCs were isolated with gradient centrifugation and adherent PBMC’s were evaluated for their ability to differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic lineages and also for their expression of musculoskeletal genes. The phenotype of the PBMCs was evaluated using Stro-1, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, CD106, CD105, CD146 and CD166 cell surface markers. Osteochondral defects were created in the medial femoral condyle (MFC) of 24 Welsh mountain sheep and evaluated at a six month time point. Four cell treatment groups were evaluated in combination with collagen-GAG-scaffold: (1) MSC alone; (2) MSCs and PBMCs at a ratio of 20:1; (3) MSCs and PBMC at a ratio of 2:1 and (4) PBMCs alone. Samples from the surgical site were evaluated for mechanical properties, ICRS score and histological repair. Fresh PBMC samples were 90% positive for hematopoietic cell surface markers and negative for the MSC antibody panel (<1%, p = 0.006). However, the adherent PBMC population expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers in hypoxic culture and lacked CD34/45 positive cells (<0.2%). This finding demonstrated that the adherent cells had acquired an MSC-like phenotype and transformed in hypoxia from their original hematopoietic lineage. Four key genes in muskuloskeletal biology were significantly upregulated in adherent PBMCs by hypoxia: BMP2 4.2-fold (p = 0.0007), BMP6 10.7-fold (p = 0.0004), GDF5 2.0-fold (p = 0.002) and COL1 5.0-fold (p = 0.046). The monolayer multilineage analysis confirmed the trilineage mesenchymal potential of the adherent PBMCs. PBMC cell therapy was equally good as bone marrow MSC therapy for defects in the ovine large animal model. Our results show that PBMCs support cartilage healing and oxygen tension of the environment was found to have a key effect on the derivation of a novel adherent cell population with an MSC-like phenotype. This study presents a novel and easily attainable point-of-care cell therapy with PBMCs to treat osteochondral defects in the knee avoiding any cell manipulations outside the surgical room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Hopper
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, BC2 0QQ, the United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - John Wardale
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, BC2 0QQ, the United Kingdom
| | - Roger Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, BC2 0QQ, the United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Power
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Chester, CH1 4BJ, the United Kingdom
| | - Neil Rushton
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, BC2 0QQ, the United Kingdom
| | - Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, the United Kingdom
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Fu W, Li Q, Tang X, Chen G, Zhang C, Li J. Mesenchymal stem cells reside in anterior cruciate ligament remnants in situ. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2015; 40:1523-30. [PMID: 26227919 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-015-2925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has certain self-healing ability after acute injury or with primary suture repair. Many studies have confirmed that a remnant preservation technique with ACL reconstruction contributes to biological augmentation for ACL healing. However, it remains unclear whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) reside in ACL remnants in situ. The aim of this study was to investigate the methods of culture and identification of MSC derived from the remnants of ACL rupture patients and to analyse these MSC's properties. METHODS The cells of ACL remnants from the ACL rupture patients were isolated by the methods of enzymatic digestion and cultured in vitro to the third passage under the microscope to observe their morphology and growth status. The third passage of isolated cells was analysed for the identification of immunophenotype, osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. RESULTS On the third to fifth days of in vitro culture, a few cells of long fusiform shape appeared and were adherent to the plastic walls. On the sixth to ninth days, cells clustered and colonies were observed. The third passage cells showed uniform cell morphology and good proliferation, with appearance of the typical surface markers of MSC, CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105. The surface markers of CD34 and CD45 of haematopoietic stem cells were not expressed. Under appropriate conditions of in vitro culture, isolated cells could be differentiated into osteoblasts that deposit mineralised matrix and express early osteogenic markers, adipocytes that accumulate lipid droplets in cytoplasm and chondrocytes that secrete chondrogenic-specific matrix aggrecan and collagen II. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that the specific mRNA expression of osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis increased significantly compared with the control groups at day zero. CONCLUSIONS Stem cells derived in situ from the human ACL stump were successfully isolated and characterised. Those isolated cells were identified as MSC according to their adherent ability, morphology, surface markers and multilineage differentiation potential. MSC derived from ACL remnants could be a potential source of seeding cells for ligament regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Gamie Z, MacFarlane RJ, Tomkinson A, Moniakis A, Tran GT, Gamie Y, Mantalaris A, Tsiridis E. Skeletal tissue engineering using mesenchymal or embryonic stem cells: clinical and experimental data. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 14:1611-39. [PMID: 25303322 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.945414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from a wide variety of tissues for bone tissue engineering such as bone marrow, adipose, birth-associated, peripheral blood, periosteum, dental and muscle. MSCs from human fetal bone marrow and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are also promising cell sources. AREAS COVERED In vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence was collected using MEDLINE® (1950 to January 2014), EMBASE (1980 to January 2014) and Google Scholar (1980 to January 2014) databases. EXPERT OPINION Enhanced results have been found when combining bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) with recently developed scaffolds such as glass ceramics and starch-based polymeric scaffolds. Preclinical studies investigating adipose tissue-derived stem cells and umbilical cord tissue-derived stem cells suggest that they are likely to become promising alternatives. Stem cells derived from periosteum and dental tissues such as the periodontal ligament have an osteogenic potential similar to BMMSCs. Stem cells from human fetal bone marrow have demonstrated superior proliferation and osteogenic differentiation than perinatal and postnatal tissues. Despite ethical concerns and potential for teratoma formation, developments have also been made for the use of ESCs in terms of culture and ideal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakareya Gamie
- Aristotle University Medical School, 'PapaGeorgiou' Hospital, Academic Orthopaedic Unit , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Fu WL, Li J, Chen G, Li Q, Tang X, Zhang CH. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Peripheral Blood Retain Their Pluripotency, but Undergo Senescence During Long-Term Culture. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2015; 21:1088-97. [PMID: 25996678 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PB-MSCs) show promise as a source of cells for autologous transplantation because they can be harvested through minimally invasive procedures. To ensure adequate numbers of cells for transplantation and tissue regeneration, PB-MSCs must first be cultured and expanded in vitro, but whether long-term passage modifies their properties has been poorly understood. In this study we triggered production of PB-MSCs in rabbits using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and AMD3100, and then isolated and expanded the cells in culture until they reached a state of senescence, usually after about 20 passages. Cultures of low-, middle-, and high-passage numbers were compared in terms of morphology, proliferative capacity, phenotype, differentiation potential, apoptosis, metabolic indicators, and senescence. As passage number increased, MSCs retained their elongated spindle shape, but became larger and flatter, slowed in growth gradually, and increased proportion of cells showed G1 arrest. The proportions of apoptotic cells, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ADP/ATP ratio increased with passage number. Expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase increased, while telomerase activity decreased. On the other hand, cultures did not show significant changes in phenotype or lose their ability to differentiate into three lineages as passage number increased. These results suggest that PB-MSCs maintain their stem cell properties during prolonged culturing, but they undergo senescence that may be due to apoptosis and production of ROS. These findings may help to standardize in vitro production of PB-MSCs for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, P.R. China
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Matsuzawa M, Arai C, Nomura Y, Murata T, Yamakoshi Y, Oida S, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Periostin of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts promotes migration of human mesenchymal stem cell through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway. J Periodontal Res 2015; 50:855-63. [PMID: 25900259 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The periodontal ligament (PDL) is characterized by rapid turnover, high remodeling capacity and high inherent regenerative potential compared with other connective tissues. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the fibroblasts in the PDL, has been widely discussed in relation to collagen fibrillogenesis in the PDL. Recently, several reports have indicated periostin in cell migration. The aim of this study was to examine whether human PDL fibroblasts (hPDLFs) with high levels of periostin expression promote the migration of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS The migration of hMSCs was examined by transwell chamber migration assay under different conditions: medium alone, hPDLFs, human dermal fibroblasts, recombinant periostin, integrin αvβ3 blocking antibody (anti-CD51/61 antibody) and inhibitors of FAK (PF431396) and PI3K (LY294002). Phosphorylation of FAK and Akt in hMSCs under stimulation of periostin was examined by western blotting. RESULTS The migration assay revealed that the number of migrated hMSCs by hPDLFs was significantly larger than those by dermal fibroblasts, periostin small interfering RNA hPDLFs and medium alone. Furthermore, recombinant periostin also strongly induced hMSC migration. The addition of anti-CD51/61 antibody, PF431396 and LY294002 caused a significant reduction in the number of migrated hMSCs respectively. The anti-CD51/61 antibody inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations under periostin stimulation. PF431396 inhibited both FAK and Akt phosphorylations. LY294002 inhibited only Akt phosphorylation, and FAK phosphorylation was not influenced under periostin stimulation. CONCLUSION Periostin expression in hPDLFs promotes the migration of hMSCs through the αvβ3 integrin/FAK/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsuzawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - C Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nomura
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - T Murata
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Yamakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - S Oida
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - N Hanada
- Department of Translation Research, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
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Fu WL, Xiang Z, Huang FG, Gu ZP, Yu XX, Cen SQ, Zhong G, Duan X, Liu M. Coculture of Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Strontium-Doped Calcium Polyphosphate Scaffolds to Generate Vascularized Engineered Bone. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:948-59. [PMID: 25298026 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Guo Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Xun Yu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Qiang Cen
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Jin L, Ji S, Shen M, Zhang J, Han J, Ni J. Expansion, characterization, and differentiation of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in serum-free medium. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.929026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Yashiro Y, Nomura Y, Kanazashi M, Noda K, Hanada N, Nakamura Y. Function of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 in periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95676. [PMID: 24806431 PMCID: PMC4012992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The periodontal ligament (PDL) is one of the connective tissues located between the tooth and bone. It is characterized by rapid turnover. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) play major roles in the rapid turnover of the PDL. Microarray analysis of human PDLFs (HPDLFs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) demonstrated markedly high expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) in the HPDLFs. CXCL12 plays an important role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The function of CXCL12 in the periodontal ligament was investigated in HPDLFs. Expression of CXCL12 in HPDLFs and HDFs was examined by RT-PCR, qRT-PCR and ELISA. Chemotactic ability of CXCL12 was evaluated in both PDLFs and HDFs by migration assay of MSCs. CXCL12 was also immunohistochemically examined in the PDL in vivo. Expression of CXCL12 in the HPDLFs was much higher than that in HDFs in vitro. Migration assay demonstrated that the number of migrated MSCs by HPDLFs was significantly higher than that by HDFs. In addition, the migrated MSCs also expressed CXCL12 and several genes that are familiar to fibroblasts. CXCL12 was immunohistochemically localized in the fibroblasts in the PDL of rat molars. The results suggest that PDLFs synthesize and secrete CXCL12 protein and that CXCL12 induces migration of MSCs in the PDL in order to maintain rapid turnover of the PDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yashiro
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nomura
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikimoto Kanazashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Noda
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Department of Translational Research, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Tan SL, Ahmad TS, Selvaratnam L, Kamarul T. Isolation, characterization and the multi-lineage differentiation potential of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Anat 2013; 222:437-50. [PMID: 23510053 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recognized by their plastic adherent ability, fibroblastic-like appearance, expression of specific surface protein markers, and are defined by their ability to undergo multi-lineage differentiation. Although rabbit bone marrow-derived MSCs (rbMSCs) have been used extensively in previous studies especially in translational research, these cells have neither been defined morphologically and ultrastructurally, nor been compared with their counterparts in humans in their multi-lineage differentiation ability. A study was therefore conducted to define the morphology, surface marker proteins, ultrastructure and multi-lineage differentiation ability of rbMSCs. Herein, the primary rbMSC cultures of three adult New Zealand white rabbits (at least 4 months old) were used for three independent experiments. rbMSCs were isolated using the gradient-centrifugation method, an established technique for human MSCs (hMSCs) isolation. Cells were characterized by phase contrast microscopy observation, transmission electron microscopy analysis, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, immunocytochemistry staining, flow cytometry, alamarBlue(®) assay, histological staining and quantitative (q)PCR analysis. The isolated plastic adherent cells were in fibroblastic spindle-shape and possessed eccentric, irregular-shaped nuclei as well as rich inner cytoplasmic zones similar to that of hMSCs. The rbMSCs expressed CD29, CD44, CD73, CD81, CD90 and CD166, but were negative (or dim positive) for CD34, CD45, CD117 and HLD-DR. Despite having similar morphology and phenotypic expression, rbMSCs possessed significantly larger cell size but had a lower proliferation rate as compared with hMSCs. Using established protocols to differentiate hMSCs, rbMSCs underwent osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Interestingly, differentiated rbMSCs demonstrated higher levels of osteogenic (Runx2) and chondrogenic (Sox9) gene expressions than that of hMSCs (P < 0.05). There was, however, no difference in the adipogenic (Pparγ) expressions between these cell types (P > 0.05). rbMSCs possess similar morphological characteristics to hMSCs, but have a higher potential for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation, despite having a lower cell proliferation rate than hMSCs. The characteristics reported here may be used as a comprehensive set of criteria to define or characterize rbMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sik-Loo Tan
- Tissue Engineering Group, National Orthopaedics Centre of Excellence in Research & Learning, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Age-related CXC chemokine receptor-4-deficiency impairs osteogenic differentiation potency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1813-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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