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Wang KD, Ding X, Jiang N, Zeng C, Wu J, Cai XY, Hettinghouse A, Khleborodova A, Lei ZN, Chen ZS, Lei GH, Liu CJ. Digoxin targets low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 and protects against osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 81:544-555. [PMID: 34853001 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dysregulated chondrocyte metabolism is closely associated with the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Suppressing chondrocyte catabolism to restore cartilage homeostasis has been extensively explored, whereas far less effort has been invested toward enhancing chondrocyte anabolism. This study aimed to repurpose clinically approved drugs as potential stimulators of chondrocyte anabolism in treating OA. METHODS Screening of a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug library; Assays for examining the chondroprotective effects of digoxin in vitro; Assays for defining the therapeutic effects of digoxin using a surgically-induced OA model; A propensity-score matched cohort study using The Health Improvement Network to examine the relationship between digoxin use and the risk of joint OA-associated replacement among patients with atrial fibrillation; identification and characterisation of the binding of digoxin to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4); various assays, including use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to delete LRP4 in human chondrocytes, for examining the dependence on LRP4 of digoxin regulation of chondrocytes. RESULTS Serial screenings led to the identification of ouabain and digoxin as stimulators of chondrocyte differentiation and anabolism. Ouabain and digoxin protected against OA and relieved OA-associated pain. The cohort study of 56 794 patients revealed that digoxin use was associated with reduced risk of OA-associated joint replacement. LRP4 was isolated as a novel target of digoxin, and deletion of LRP4 abolished digoxin's regulations of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS These findings not only provide new insights into the understanding of digoxin's chondroprotective action and underlying mechanisms, but also present new evidence for repurposing digoxin for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-di Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Ding
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xian-Yi Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aubryanna Hettinghouse
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Asya Khleborodova
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Guang-Hua Lei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan-Ju Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA .,Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Jeyaraman M, Muthu S, Gangadaran P, Ranjan R, Jeyaraman N, Prajwal GS, Mishra PC, Rajendran RL, Ahn BC. Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Potential of Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Do They Hold the Key to the Future? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111133. [PMID: 34832915 PMCID: PMC8618036 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The periosteum, with its outer fibrous and inner cambium layer, lies in a dynamic environment with a niche of pluripotent stem cells for their reparative needs. The inner cambium layer is rich in mesenchymal progenitors, osteogenic progenitors, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts in a scant collagen matrix environment. Their role in union and remodeling of fracture is well known. However, the periosteum as a source of mesenchymal stem cells has not been explored in detail. Moreover, with the continuous expansion of techniques, newer insights have been acquired into the roles and regulation of these periosteal cells. From a therapeutic standpoint, the periosteum as a source of tissue engineering has gained much attraction. Apart from its role in bone repair, analysis of the bone-forming potential of periosteum-derived stem cells is lacking. Hence, this article elucidates the role of the periosteum as a potential source of mesenchymal stem cells along with their capacity for osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation for therapeutic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhan Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Sathish Muthu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
- Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Dindigul 624304, Tamil Nadu, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
| | - Rajni Ranjan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, Uttar Pradesh, India; (M.J.); (R.R.)
| | - Naveen Jeyaraman
- Department of Orthopaedics, Atlas Hospitals, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | | | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- International Association of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (IASRM), Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110048, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (R.L.R.); (B.-C.A.); Tel.: +82-53-420-4914 (R.L.R.); +82-53-420-5583 (B.-C.A.)
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3
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Roszek K, Wujak M. How to influence the mesenchymal stem cells fate? Emerging role of ectoenzymes metabolizing nucleotides. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:320-334. [PMID: 30078187 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular purines, principally adenosine triphosphate and adenosine, are among the oldest evolutionary and widespread chemical messengers. The integrative view of purinergic signaling as a multistage coordinated cascade involves the participation of nucleotides/nucleosides, their receptors, enzymes metabolizing extracellular nucleosides and nucleotides as well as several membrane transporters taking part in the release and/or uptake of these molecules. In view of the emerging data, it is evident and widely accepted that an extensive network of diverse enzymatic activities exists in the extracellular space. The enzymes regulate the availability of nucleotide and adenosine receptor agonists, and consequently, the course of signaling events. The current data indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and cells induced to differentiate exhibit different sensitivity to purinergic ligands as well as a distinct activity and expression profiles of ectonucleotidases than mature cells. In the proposed review, we postulate for a critical role of these enzymatic players which, by orchestrating a fine-tune regulation of nucleotides concentrations, are integrally involved in modulation and diversification of purinergic signals. This specific hallmark of the MSC purinome should be linked with cell-specific biological potential and capacity for tissue regeneration. We anticipate this publication to be a starting point for scientific discussion and novel approach to the in vitro and in vivo regulation of the MSC properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Roszek
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wujak
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Steward AJ, Kelly DJ, Wagner DR. Purinergic Signaling Regulates the Transforming Growth Factor-β3-Induced Chondrogenic Response of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Hydrostatic Pressure. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 22:831-9. [PMID: 27137792 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrostatic pressure (HP) is known to regulate chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), improved insight into the mechanotransduction of HP may form the basis for novel tissue engineering strategies. Previously, we demonstrated that matrix stiffness and calcium ion (Ca(++)) mobility regulate the mechanotransduction of HP; however, the mechanisms, by which these Ca(++) signaling pathways are initiated, are currently unknown. The purinergic pathway, in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released and activates P-receptors to initiate Ca(++) signaling, plays a key role in the mechanotransduction of compression, but has yet to be investigated with regard to HP. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between purinergic signaling, matrix stiffness, and the chondrogenic response of MSCs to HP. Porcine bone marrow-derived MSCs were seeded into soft or stiff agarose hydrogels and subjected to HP (10 MPa at 1 Hz for 4 h/d for 21 days) or kept in free swelling conditions. Stiff constructs were incubated with pharmacological inhibitors of extracellular ATP, P2 receptors, or hemichannels, or without any inhibitors as a control. As with other loading modalities, HP significantly increased ATP release in the control group; however, inhibition of hemichannels completely abrogated this response. The increase in sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) synthesis and vimentin reorganization observed in the control group in response to HP was suppressed in the presence of all three inhibitors, suggesting that purinergic signaling is involved in the mechanoresponse of MSCs to HP. Interestingly, ATP was released from both soft and stiff hydrogels in response to HP, but HP only enhanced chondrogenesis in the stiff hydrogels, indicating that matrix stiffness may act downstream of purinergic signaling to regulate the mechanoresponse of MSCs to HP. Addition of exogenous ATP did not replicate the effects of HP on chondrogenesis, suggesting that mechanisms other than purinergic signaling also regulate the response of MSCs to HP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Steward
- 1 Bioengineering Graduate Program, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana.,2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- 2 Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute , Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,3 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,4 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Diane R Wagner
- 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana.,6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis , Indianapolis, Indiana
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The Signaling Pathways Involved in Chondrocyte Differentiation and Hypertrophic Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:2470351. [PMID: 28074096 PMCID: PMC5198191 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2470351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes communicate with each other mainly via diffusible signals rather than direct cell-to-cell contact. The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is well regulated by the interactions of varieties of growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules. A number of critical signaling molecules have been identified to regulate the differentiation of chondrocyte from mesenchymal progenitor cells to their terminal maturation of hypertrophic chondrocytes, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), SRY-related high-mobility group-box gene 9 (Sox9), parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), and β-catenin. Except for these molecules, other factors such as adenosine, O2 tension, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) also have a vital role in cartilage formation and chondrocyte maturation. Here, we outlined the complex transcriptional network and the function of key factors in this network that determine and regulate the genetic program of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte differentiation.
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Roszek K, Porowińska D, Bajek A, Hołysz M, Czarnecka J. Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Results in Substantial Changes of Ecto-Nucleotides Metabolism. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2915-23. [PMID: 26018728 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are population of adult stem cells and attractive candidates for cartilage repair due to their chondrogenic potential. Purinergic compounds (purinergic receptors and ecto-enzymes metabolizing nucleotides), together with nucleotides/nucleosides present in the extracellular environment, are known to play a key role in controlling the stem cells biological potential to proliferate and differentiate. Despite the available literature pointing to the importance of purinergic signaling in controlling the fate of MSCs, the research results linking nucleotides and ecto-nucleotidases with MSCs chondrogenic differentiation are indigent. Therefore, the aim of presented study was the characterization of the ecto-nucleotides hydrolysis profile and ecto-enzymes expression in human umbilical cord-derived MSCs and chondrogenically induced MSCs. We described substantial changes of ecto-nucleotides metabolism and ecto-enzymes expression profiles resulting from chondrogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived MSCs. The increased rate of ADP hydrolysis, measured by ecto-nucleotidases activity, plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cartilage formation and resorption. Despite the increased level of NTPDase1 and NTPDase3 mRNA expression in chondrogenically induced MSCs, their activity toward ATP remains quite low. Supported by the literature data, we hypothesize that structure-function relationships in chondrogenic lineage dictate the direction of nucleotides metabolism. In early neocartilage tissue, the beneficial role of ATP in improving biomechanical properties of cartilage does not necessitate the high rate of enzymatic ATP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Roszek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Dorota Porowińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Chair of Regenerative Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | - Marcin Hołysz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Karol Marcinkowski Medical University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the state of stress within the solid matrix of articular cartilage in the patellofemoral joint, using anatomically faithful biphasic models of the articular layers, with the joint subjected to physiologic muscle force magnitudes. Finite element models of five joints were created from human cadaver knees. Biphasic sliding contact analyses were performed using FEBio software to analyze the response of the joint from 30 to 60 degrees of knee flexion. Results demonstrated that the collagen matrix always sustains tensile stresses, despite the fact that the articular layers are loaded in compression. The principal direction of maximum solid stresses was consistent with the known orientation of collagen fibrils in cartilage. The magnitudes of these tensile stresses under muscle forces representative of activities of daily living were well below tensile failure stresses reported in the prior literature. Results also hinted that solid matrix stresses were higher in the patellar versus femoral superficial zone. These anatomically correct finite element models predicted outcomes consistent with our understanding of structure-function relationships in articular cartilage, while also producing solid matrix stress estimates not observable from experiments alone, yet highly relevant to our understanding of tissue degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Jones
- Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC 4703, 220 S.W. Mudd, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, MC8904, 351 Engineering Terrace, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Andrew Walz Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC 4703, 220 S.W. Mudd, New York, NY 10027 USA
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