1
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Muthusamy S, Kannan S, Lee M, Sanjairaj V, Lu WF, Fuh JYH, Sriram G, Cao T. 3D bioprinting and microscale organization of vascularized tissue constructs using collagen-based bioink. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3150-3163. [PMID: 34037982 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting three-dimensional (3D) tissue equivalents have progressed tremendously over the last decade. 3D bioprinting is currently being employed to develop larger and more physiologic tissues, and it is of particular interest to generate vasculature in biofabricated tissues to aid better perfusion and transport of nutrition. Having an advantage over manual culture systems by bringing together biological scaffold materials and cells in precise 3D spatial orientation, bioprinting could assist in placing endothelial cells in specific spatial locations within a 3D matrix to promote vessel formation at these predefined areas. Hence, in the present study, we investigated the use of bioprinting to generate tissue-level capillary-like networks in biofabricated tissue constructs. First, we developed a bioink using collagen type-1 supplemented with xanthan gum (XG) as a thickening agent. Using a commercial extrusion-based multi-head bioprinter and collagen-XG bioink, the component cells were spatially assembled, wherein the endothelial cells were bioprinted in a lattice pattern and sandwiched between bioprinted fibroblasts layers. 3D bioprinted constructs thus generated were stable, and maintained structural shape and form. Post-print culture of the bioprinted tissues resulted in endothelial sprouting and formation of interconnected capillary-like networks within the lattice pattern and between the fibroblast layers. Bioprinter-assisted spatial placement of endothelial cells resulted in fabrication of patterned prevascularized constructs that enable potential regenerative applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sathya Kannan
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wen Feng Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry Y H Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Centre for Additive Manufacturing (AM.NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has created promising progress in biotechnology and consumer-care based industry. This has created an increasing need for testing their safety and toxicity profiles. Hence, efforts to understand the cellular responses towards nanomaterials are needed. However, current methods using animal and cancer-derived cell lines raise questions on physiological relevance. In this aspect, in the current study, we investigated the use of pluripotent human embryonic stem cell- (hESCs) derived fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) as a closer representative of the in vivo response as well as to encourage the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) concept for evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon-dioxide (SiO2) NPs. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the adverse effects of respective NPs were observed in hESC-Fib beyond concentrations of 200 µg/mL (SiO2 NPs), 30 µg/mL (TiO2 NPs) and 20 µg/mL (ZnO NPs). Flow cytometry results correlated with increased apoptosis upon increase in NP concentration. Subsequently, scratch wound assays showed ZnO (10 µg/mL) and TiO2 (20 µg/mL) NPs inhibit the rate of wound coverage. DNA damage assays confirmed TiO2 and ZnO NPs are genotoxic. In summary, hESC-Fib could be used as an alternative platform to understand toxicity profiles of metal oxide NPs.
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Isolation, Culture, and Functional Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Current Trends and Challenges. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1429351. [PMID: 30254679 PMCID: PMC6142731 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1429351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great potential for the treatment of various degenerative diseases. Pluripotent hESCs have a great ability to undergo unlimited self-renewal in culture and to differentiate into all cell types in the body. The journey of hESC research is not that smooth, as it has faced several challenges which are limited to not only tumor formation and immunorejection but also social, ethical, and political aspects. The isolation of hESCs from the human embryo is considered highly objectionable as it requires the destruction of the human embryo. The issue was debated and discussed in both public and government platforms, which led to banning of hESC research in many countries around the world. The banning has negatively affected the progress of hESC research as many federal governments around the world stopped research funding. Afterward, some countries lifted the ban and allowed the funding in hESC research, but the damage has already been done on the progress of research. Under these unfavorable conditions, still some progress was made to isolate, culture, and characterize hESCs using different strategies. In this review, we have summarized various strategies used to successfully isolate, culture, and characterize hESCs. Finally, hESCs hold a great promise for clinical applications with proper strategies to minimize the teratoma formation and immunorejection and better cell transplantation strategies.
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Innate Immune Response of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Fibroblasts and Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Periodontopathogens. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8905365. [PMID: 27642305 PMCID: PMC5014959 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8905365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves complex interplay of bacteria and host immune response resulting in destruction of supporting tissues of the tooth. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a role in recognizing microbial pathogens and eliciting an innate immune response. Recently, the potential application of multipotent stem cells and pluripotent stem cells including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in periodontal regenerative therapy has been proposed. However, little is known about the impact of periodontopathogens on hESC-derived progenies. This study investigates the effects of heat-killed periodontopathogens, namely, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, on TLR and cytokine expression profile of hESC-derived progenies, namely, fibroblasts (hESC-Fib) and mesenchymal stem cells (hESC-MSCs). Additionally, the serotype-dependent effect of A. actinomycetemcomitans on hESC-derived progenies was explored. Both hESC-Fib and hESC-MSCs constitutively expressed TLR-2 and TLR-4. hESC-Fib upon exposure to periodontopathogens displayed upregulation of TLRs and release of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8). In contrast, hESC-MSCs were largely nonresponsive to bacterial challenge, especially in terms of cytokine production. Further, exposure of hESC-Fib to A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was associated with higher IL-8 production than serotype b. In contrast, the hESC-MSCs displayed no serotype-dependent response. Differential response of the two hESC progenies implies a phenotype-dependent response to periodontopathogens and supports the concept of immunomodulatory properties of MSCs.
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5
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Wu Y, Sriram G, Fawzy AS, Fuh JYH, Rosa V, Cao T, Wong YS. Fabrication and evaluation of electrohydrodynamic jet 3D printed polycaprolactone/chitosan cell carriers using human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts. J Biomater Appl 2016; 31:181-92. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328216652537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biological function of adherent cells depends on the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions in three-dimensional space. To understand the behavior of cells in 3D environment and their interactions with neighboring cells and matrix requires 3D culture systems. Here, we present a novel 3D cell carrier scaffold that provides an environment for routine 3D cell growth in vitro. We have developed thin, mechanically stable electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) 3D printed polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan macroporous scaffolds with precise fiber orientation for basic 3D cell culture application. We have evaluated the application of this technology by growing human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts within these 3D scaffolds. Assessment of cell viability and proliferation of cells seeded on polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan 3D-scaffolds show that the human embryonic stem cell-derived fibroblasts could adhere and proliferate on the scaffolds over time. Further, using confocal microscopy we demonstrate the ability to use fluorescence-labelled cells that could be microscopically monitored in real-time. Hence, these 3D printed polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/Chitosan scaffolds could be used as a cell carrier for in vitro 3D cell culture-, bioreactor- and tissue engineering-related applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopu Sriram
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jerry YH Fuh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Vinicius Rosa
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoke San Wong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Movahednia MM, Kidwai FK, Jokhun DS, Squier CA, Toh WS, Cao T. Potential applications of keratinocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:58-70. [PMID: 26663861 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although skin grafting is one of the most advanced cell therapy technique, wide application of skin substitutes is hampered by the difficulty in securing sufficient amount of epidermal substitute. Additionally, in understanding the progression of skin aging and disease, and in screening the cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, there is lack of a satisfactory human skin-specific in vitro model. Recently, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have been proposed as an unlimited and reliable cell source to obtain almost all cell types present in the human body. This review focuses on the potential off-the-shelf use of hESC-derived keratinocytes for future clinical applications as well as a powerful in vitro skin model to study skin function and integrity, host-pathogen interactions and disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the industrial applications of hESC-derived keratinized multi-layer epithelium which provides a human-like test platform for understanding disease pathogenesis, evaluation of new therapeutic modalities and assessment of the safety and efficacy of skin cosmetics and therapeutics. Overall, we conclude that the hESC-derived keratinocytes have great potential for clinical, research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad K Kidwai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Doorgesh S Jokhun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A Squier
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology & Medicine, and Dows, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), Singapore, Singapore.
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7
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Fibroblast heterogeneity and its implications for engineering organotypic skin models in vitro. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 94:483-512. [PMID: 26344860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in cell culture methods, multidisciplinary research, clinical need to replace lost skin tissues and regulatory need to replace animal models with alternative test methods has led to development of three dimensional models of human skin. In general, these in vitro models of skin consist of keratinocytes cultured over fibroblast-populated dermal matrices. Accumulating evidences indicate that mesenchyme-derived signals are essential for epidermal morphogenesis, homeostasis and differentiation. Various studies show that fibroblasts isolated from different tissues in the body are dynamic in nature and are morphologically and functionally heterogeneous subpopulations. Further, these differences seem to be dictated by the local biological and physical microenvironment the fibroblasts reside resulting in "positional identity or memory". Furthermore, the heterogeneity among the fibroblasts play a critical role in scarless wound healing and complete restoration of native tissue architecture in fetus and oral mucosa; and excessive scar formation in diseased states like keloids and hypertrophic scars. In this review, we summarize current concepts about the heterogeneity among fibroblasts and their role in various wound healing environments. Further, we contemplate how the insights on fibroblast heterogeneity could be applied for the development of next generation organotypic skin models.
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8
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Du SH, Tay JCK, Chen C, Tay FC, Tan WK, Li ZD, Wang S. Human iPS cell-derived fibroblast-like cells as feeder layers for iPS cell derivation and expansion. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:210-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Movahednia MM, Kidwai FK, Zou Y, Tong HJ, Liu X, Islam I, Toh WS, Raghunath M, Cao T. Differential Effects of the Extracellular Microenvironment on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation into Keratinocytes and Their Subsequent Replicative Life Span. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1432-43. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fahad Karim Kidwai
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Zou
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huei Jinn Tong
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Intekhab Islam
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Raghunath
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering (NGS), Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Desai N, Rambhia P, Gishto A. Human embryonic stem cell cultivation: historical perspective and evolution of xeno-free culture systems. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:9. [PMID: 25890180 PMCID: PMC4351689 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) have emerged as attractive candidates for cell-based therapies that are capable of restoring lost cell and tissue function. These unique cells are able to self-renew indefinitely and have the capacity to differentiate in to all three germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm). Harnessing the power of these pluripotent stem cells could potentially offer new therapeutic treatment options for a variety of medical conditions. Since the initial derivation of hESC lines in 1998, tremendous headway has been made in better understanding stem cell biology and culture requirements for maintenance of pluripotency. The approval of the first clinical trials of hESC cells for treatment of spinal cord injury and macular degeneration in 2010 marked the beginning of a new era in regenerative medicine. Yet it was clearly recognized that the clinical utility of hESC transplantation was still limited by several challenges. One of the most immediate issues has been the exposure of stem cells to animal pathogens, during hESC derivation and during in vitro propagation. Initial culture protocols used co-culture with inactivated mouse fibroblast feeder (MEF) or human feeder layers with fetal bovine serum or alternatively serum replacement proteins to support stem cell proliferation. Most hESC lines currently in use have been exposed to animal products, thus carrying the risk of xeno-transmitted infections and immune reaction. This mini review provides a historic perspective on human embryonic stem cell culture and the evolution of new culture models. We highlight the challenges and advances being made towards the development of xeno-free culture systems suitable for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Beachwood, OH, USA.
| | - Pooja Rambhia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Beachwood, OH, USA.
| | - Arsela Gishto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic, Beachwood, OH, USA.
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Investigation of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Keratinocytes as an In Vitro Research Model for Mechanical Stress Dynamic Response. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2014; 11:460-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9565-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Kidwai FK, Movahednia MM, Iqbal K, Jokhun DS, Cao T, Fawzy AS. Human embryonic stem cell differentiation into odontoblastic lineage: anin vitrostudy. Int Endod J 2013; 47:346-55. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. K. Kidwai
- Discipline of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - M. M. Movahednia
- Discipline of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - K. Iqbal
- Discipline of Prosthodontics, Endodontics and Operative Dentistry; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - D. S. Jokhun
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - T. Cao
- Discipline of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
| | - A. S. Fawzy
- Discipline of Oral Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore Singapore
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Kidwai FK, Jokhun DS, Movahednia MM, Yeo JF, Tan KS, Cao T. Human embryonic stem cells derived keratinocyte as an in vitro
research model for the study of immune response. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:627-34. [DOI: 10.1111/jop.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Karim Kidwai
- Oral Sciences Disciplines; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Doorgesh Sharma Jokhun
- Department of Biological Sciences; Faculty of Science; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | | | - Jin Fei Yeo
- Oral Sciences Disciplines; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Kai Soo Tan
- Oral Sciences Disciplines; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences Disciplines; Faculty of Dentistry; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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14
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Kim MJ, Son MJ, Son MY, Seol B, Kim J, Park J, Kim JH, Kim YH, Park SA, Lee CH, Lee KS, Han YM, Chang JS, Cho YS. Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells from osteoarthritis patient-derived synovial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3010-21. [PMID: 21953087 DOI: 10.1002/art.30488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to generate and characterize human induced pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and to examine whether these cells can be developed into disease-relevant cell types for use in disease modeling and drug discovery. METHODS Human synovial cells isolated from two 71-year-old women with advanced OA were characterized and reprogrammed into induced PSCs by ectopic expression of 4 transcription factors (Oct-4, SOX2, Klf4, and c-Myc). The pluripotency status of each induced PSC line was validated by comparison with human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). RESULTS We found that OA patient-derived human synovial cells had human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics, as indicated by the expression of specific markers, including CD14-, CD19-, CD34-, CD45-, CD44+, CD51+, CD90+, CD105+, and CD147+. Microarray analysis of human MSCs and human synovial cells further determined their unique and overlapping gene expression patterns. The pluripotency of established human induced PSCs was confirmed by their human ESC-like morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, gene expression profiles, epigenetic status, normal karyotype, and in vitro and in vivo differentiation potential. The potential of human induced PSCs to differentiate into distinct mesenchymal cell lineages, such as osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes, was further confirmed by positive expression of markers for respective cell types and positive staining with alizarin red S (osteoblasts), oil red O (adipocytes), or Alcian blue (chondrocytes). Functional chondrocyte differentiation of induced PSCs in pellet culture and 3-dimensional polycaprolactone scaffold culture was assessed by chondrocyte self-assembly and histology. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that patient-derived synovial cells are an attractive source of MSCs as well as induced PSCs and have the potential to advance cartilage tissue engineering and cell-based models of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology and University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Kidwai FK, Liu H, Toh WS, Fu X, Jokhun DS, Movahednia MM, Li M, Zou Y, Squier CA, Phan TT, Cao T. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into clinically amenable keratinocytes in an autogenic environment. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 133:618-628. [PMID: 23235526 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived keratinocytes hold great clinical and research potential. However, the current techniques are hampered by the use of xenogenic components that limits their clinical application. Here we demonstrated an efficient differentiation of H9 hESCs (H9-hESCs) into keratinocytes (H9-Kert) with the minimum use of animal-derived materials. For differentiation, we established two microenvironment systems originated from H9-hESCs (autogenic microenvironment). These autogenic microenvironment systems consist of an autogenic coculture system (ACC) and an autogenic feeder-free system (AFF). In addition, we showed a stage-specific effect of Activin in promoting keratinocyte differentiation from H9-hESCs while repressing the expression of early neural markers in the ACC system. Furthermore, we also explained the effect of Activin in construction of the AFF system made up of extracellular matrix similar to basement membrane extracted from H9-hESC-derived fibroblasts. H9-Kert differentiated in both systems expressed keratinocyte markers at mRNA and protein levels. H9-Kert were also able to undergo terminal differentiation in high Ca(2+) medium. These findings support the transition toward the establishment of an animal-free microenvironment for successful differentiation of hESCs into keratinocytes for potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad K Kidwai
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hua Liu
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Seong Toh
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Fu
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Plastic Surgery Hospital (Institute), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Doorgesh S Jokhun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohammad M Movahednia
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mingming Li
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Zou
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher A Squier
- Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, and Dows, College of Dentistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Toan T Phan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tong Cao
- Oral Sciences Disciplines, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Wang X, Li S, Cao T, Fu X, Yu G. Evaluating biotoxicity with fibroblasts derived from human embryonic stem cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:1056-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Krylova TA, Koltsova AM, Zenin VV, Musorina AS, Yakovleva TK, Poljanskaya GG. Comparative characteristics of new lines of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells, bone marrow, and foreskin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x12020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Fu X, Toh WS, Liu H, Lu K, Li M, Cao T. Establishment of clinically compliant human embryonic stem cells in an autologous feeder-free system. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 17:927-37. [PMID: 21561302 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2010.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are limited by the use of mouse embryonic fibroblasts feeder and animal-derived components during culture. In this study, we demonstrated the potential use of extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from the autologous feeders to support long-term undifferentiated growth of hESCs in xeno-free, serum-free, and feeder-free conditions. Autologous H9 ebF (feeder cells derived from outgrowth of embryoid body [EB] predifferentiated from H9 hESCs) was derived from EBs predifferentiated from H9 hESCs through a direct-plating outgrowth system. The ECM comprising collagen VI, laminin, and fibronectin was extracted from H9 ebF through a freeze-thaw procedure. The autologous ECM together with animal component-free TeSR™2 medium was used to support long-term growth of H1 and H9 hESC lines for up to 20 passages. The maintenance of hESC undifferentiated state by autologous ECM was confirmed by the positive staining of hESC-specific markers (Oct4, SSEA-4, and Tra-1-60) and the expression of pluripotency marker genes (Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2). Flow cytometry further showed that more than 99% of hESCs retained the expression of SSEA-3/4 after long-term culture on autologous ECM. Pluripotency of hESCs on ECM was further proven by in vitro EB formation and in vivo teratoma assay. Overall, this study suggested a strategy for efficient propagation of clinically compliant hESCs in an autologous feeder-free culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Tsai ZY, Singh S, Yu SL, Chou CH, Li SSL. A feeder-free culture using autogeneic conditioned medium for undifferentiated growth of human embryonic stem cells: comparative expression profiles of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins among different feeders and conditioned media. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:76. [PMID: 20937144 PMCID: PMC2958897 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human embryonic stem (hES) cell lines were derived from the inner cell mass of human blastocysts, and were cultured on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder to maintain undifferentiated growth, extensive renewal capacity, and pluripotency. The hES-T3 cell line with normal female karyotype was previously used to differentiate into autogeneic fibroblast-like cells (T3HDF) as feeder to support the undifferentiated growth of hES-T3 cells (T3/HDF) for 14 passages. RESULTS A feeder-free culture on Matrigel in hES medium conditioned by the autogeneic feeder cells (T3HDF) was established to maintain the undifferentiated growth of hES-T3 cells (T3/CMHDF) for 8 passages in this investigation. The gene expression profiles of mRNAs, microRNAs and proteins between the undifferentiated T3/HDF and T3/CMHDF cells were shown to be very similar, and their expression profiles were also found to be similar to those of T3/MEF and T3/CMMEF cells grown on MEF feeder and feeder-free Matrigel in MEF-conditioned medium, respectively. The undifferentiated state of T3/HDF and T3/CMHDF as well as T3/MEF and T3/CMMEF cells was evidenced by the very high expression levels of "stemness" genes and low expression levels of differentiation markers of ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm in addition to the strong staining of OCT4 and NANOG. CONCLUSION The T3HDF feeder and T3HDF-conditioned medium were able to support the undifferentiated growth of hES cells, and they would be useful for drug development and toxicity testing in addition to the reduced risks of xenogeneic pathogens when used for medical applications such as cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Yun Tsai
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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