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Burns JS. The Evolving Landscape of Potency Assays. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:165-189. [PMID: 37258790 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There is a "goldilocks" aspect to potency assays. On the one hand, a comprehensive evaluation of the cell product with detailed quantitative measurement of the critical quality attribute/s of the desired biological activity is required. On the other hand, the potency assay benefits from simplification and lean approaches that avoid unnecessary complication and enhance robustness, to provide a reproducible and scalable product. There is a need to balance insightful knowledge of complex biological healing processes with straightforward manufacture of an advanced therapeutic medicinal product (ATMP) that can be administered in a trustworthy cost-effective manner. While earlier chapters within this book have highlighted numerous challenges facing the potency assay conundrum, this chapter offers a forward-looking perspective regarding the many recent advances concerning acellular products, cryopreservation, induced MSC, cell priming, nanotechnology, 3D culture, regulatory guidelines and evolving institutional roles, that are likely to facilitate potency assay development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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2
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Takehana S, Yang W, Tabata Y. Potential Method of Autophagy Imaging with Cationized Gelatin Nanospheres Incorporating Molecular Beacon. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2965-2975. [PMID: 35609115 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to develop an imaging method with cationized gelatin nanospheres incorporating molecular beacon (cGNSMB) to visualize an autophagy activity in living cells. Cationized gelatin nanospheres (cGNS) were prepared by the conventional coacervation method, and then molecular beacon (MB) was incorporated into them. The cGNSMB prepared were internalized into cells at a high efficiency. In this study, a starvation medium of serum and amino acids-free was used to induce autophagy. The autophagy activity was confirmed by an immunofluorescence staining for microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3B (LC3B) of an autophagy specific protein. With the autophagy induction time, the number of LC3 fluorescent dots increased, which indicated an increased autophagy activity. As the autophagy-related genes, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and cathepsin F (CTSF), which up-regulate after autophagy induction, were chosen as the targets of cGNSMB. The fluorescence intensity of cGNSMB targeting to SQSTM1 and CTSF increased with the starvation treatment time, which well corresponded with the gene expression results. When applied to cells in different autophagy conditions, the cGNSMB visualized the autophagy activity corresponding with the autophagy condition of cells. From the results obtained, it was concluded that the cGNSMB provide a promising method to visualize the autophagy of cells. The advantage of cGNSMB visualization is to obtain the temporal and spatial information without destroying sample cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Takehana
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Wenxuan Yang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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3
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El-Badri N, Elkhenany H. Toward the nanoengineering of mature, well-patterned and vascularized organoids. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:1255-1258. [PMID: 33988046 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Hoda Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science & Technology, 6th October city, Giza, 12578, Egypt.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 22785, Egypt
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4
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Gao Y, Guo X, Wang S, Chen F, Ren X, Xiao H, Wang L. Perfluorooctane sulfonate enhances mRNA expression of PPARγ and ap2 in human mesenchymal stem cells monitored by long-retained intracellular nanosensor. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114571. [PMID: 32320904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been widely used as a surface coating for household products. It still exists in living environments despite being restricted, due to its bioaccumulation and long half-life. Studies have shown that PFOS has the ability to induce adipogenic differentiation of human cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) distributed within the adipose tissue might be a potential target of accumulated PFOS. However, traditional end-point toxicity assays failed to examine the subtle changes of cellular function exposed to low-dose persistent organic pollutants in real time. In the present work, highly sensitive and long-retained (more than 30 days) fluorescence based polymeric nanosensors were developed and employed for real-time assessment of cellular functions. hMSCs were engineered with sensor molecules encapsulated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles. Once internalized by hMSCs, PLGA particles continuously release and replenish sensor molecules to cytoplasm, resulting in prolonged fluorescence signal against photo bleaching and dilution by exocytosis. With this method, the dynamic changes of viability, ROS induction, and adipogenic differentiation related mRNA expression of hMSCs were monitored. PFOS with the concentration as low as 0.1 μM can induce cellular ROS and enhance the PPARγ and ap2 mRNA expression, suggesting the effect on promoting adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xixi Guo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fubin Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Huaxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Murata Y, Jo JI, Tabata Y. Intracellular Controlled Release of Molecular Beacon Prolongs the Time Period of mRNA Visualization. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1527-1537. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Jo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Tian C, Zhang X, Zhao G. Vitrification of stem cell-laden core-shell microfibers with unusually low concentrations of cryoprotective agents. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:889-900. [PMID: 30608077 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm01231h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-laden alginate hydrogel microfibers are particularly useful for building and repairing complex tissues because they are long, thin, and flexible. Therefore, they have important application value in regenerative medicine and clinical treatments. Cryopreservation is indispensable in order to ensure their "off-the-shelf" ready availability. Ice-free vitrification is considered an ideal method to preserve stem cell constructs (from cells to the overall ultrastructure of hydrogel). However, the vitrification process for preserving cell constructs requires highly toxic and cell membrane permeable cryoprotective agents (pCPA) and even requires the assistance of complex physical field based space warming technology. Therefore, a simple and feasible method is urgently needed. In addition, there are no reports about microfiber vitrification, as reports are limited to microcapsules. In this study, a novel device with nylon mesh for vitreous cryopreservation of hydrogel microfibers is developed to achieve ultra-rapid heat transfer by effectively suppressing film boiling during cooling. This may provide a low-toxic and cost-effective method for vitrification of cell-laden hydrogel microfibers with ultra-low concentrations of pCPA, facilitating their application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Tian
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Veronesi F, Tschon M, Visani A, Fini M. Biosensors for real-time monitoring of physiological processes in the musculoskeletal system: A systematic review. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21504-21518. [PMID: 31062360 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are composed of (bio)receptors, transducers, and detection systems and are able to convert the biological stimulus into a measurable signal. This systematic review evaluates the current state of the art of innovation and research in this field, identifying the biosensors that in vitro monitor the musculoskeletal system cellular processes. Two databases found 20 in vitro studies, from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2017, dealing with musculoskeletal system cells. The biosensors were divided into two groups based on the transduction mechanism: optical or electrochemical. The first group evaluated osteoblasts or mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biocompatibility, viability, differentiation, alkaline phosphatase, enzyme, and protein detection. The second group detected cell impedance, ATP release, and superoxide concentration in tenocytes, osteoblasts, MSCs, and myoblasts. This review highlighted that the in vitro scenario is still at an early phase and limited for what concerns both the type of bioanalyte and for the type of system detector used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matilde Tschon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Visani
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Technology Innovation, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Lio DCS, Zheng M, Xu C. Functional Imaging with Nucleic-Acid-Based Sensors: Technology, Application and Future Healthcare Prospects. Chembiochem 2018; 20:437-450. [PMID: 30230165 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Timely monitoring and assessment of human health plays a crucial role in maintaining the wellbeing of our advancing society. In addition to medical tools and devices, suitable probe agents are crucial to assist such monitoring, either in passive or active ways (i.e., sensors) through inducible signals. In this review we highlight recent developments in activatable optical sensors based on nucleic acids. Sensing mechanisms and bio-applications of these nucleic acid sensors in ex vivo assays, intracellular or in vivo settings are described. In addition, we discuss the limitations of these sensors and how nanotechnology can complement/enhance sensor properties to promote translation into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - David C Yeo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Daniel Chin Shiuan Lio
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Mengjia Zheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.,NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Tham KC, Chew SWT, Lim X, Xu C. Real-Time Imaging of Dynamic Cell Reprogramming with Nanosensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703440. [PMID: 29611333 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming, the process by which somatic cells regain pluripotency, is relevant in many disease modeling, therapeutic, and drug discovery applications. Molecular evaluation of reprogramming (e.g., polymerase chain reaction, immunostaining) is typically disruptive, and only provides snapshots of phenotypic traits. Gene reporter constructs facilitate live-cell evaluation but is labor intensive and may risk insertional mutagenesis during viral transfection. Herein, the utilization of a non-integrative nanosensor is demonstrated to visualize key reprogramming events in situ within live cells. Principally based on sustained intracellular release of encapsulated molecular probes, nanosensors successfully monitored mesenchymal-epithelial transition, pluripotency acquisition, and transdifferentiation events. Tracking the dynamic expression of four pivotal biomarkers (i.e., THY1, E-CADHERIN, OCT4, and GATA4 mRNA), nanosensor signal showed great agreement with polymerase chain reaction and gene reporter imaging (R2 > 0.9). Overall, such facile, versatile nanosensor enables real-time monitoring of low-frequency reprogramming events, thereby useful for high-throughput assessment, optimization, and biomarker-specific cell enrichment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - David C Yeo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Khek-Chian Tham
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sharon W T Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Tay LM, Wiraja C, Wu Y, Yang Z, Lee EH, Xu C. The effect of temporal manipulation of transforming growth factor beta 3 and fibroblast growth factor 2 on the derivation of proliferative chondrocytes from mensenchymal stem cells-A study monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and molecular beacon based nanosensors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:895-904. [PMID: 29106040 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative chondrocytes are critical to realize regeneration of damaged epiphyseal growth plate. However, acquiring autologous replacement cells involves highly invasive procedures and often results in limited cell quantity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a potential source of chondrogenic cells for the treatment of cartilage disorders and injuries. The temporal effect of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGFβ3) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on the derivation of proliferative chondrocytes from MSCs in three-dimensional agarose was investigated by manipulating the duration of TGFβ3 and FGF2 treatment. The differentiation process was monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as well as nanosensors containing two molecular beacons that target critical biomarkers for proliferative chondrocytes (i.e., collagen type-II messenger ribonucleic acid [mRNA] and Ki67 mRNA). The molecular beacon-based nanosensors were found to be comparable to qRT-PCR in measuring mRNA expression and thus providing a noninvasive mean to screen and monitor culture samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 895-904, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Min Tay
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459.,NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
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