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Trengove A, Duchi S, Onofrillo C, Sooriyaaratchi D, Di Bella C, O'Connor AJ. Bridging bench to body: ex vivo models to understand articular cartilage repair. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 86:103065. [PMID: 38301593 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
With little to no ability to self-regenerate, human cartilage defects of the knee remain a major clinical challenge. Tissue engineering strategies include delivering specific types of cells and biomaterials to the injured cartilage for restoration of architecture and function. Pre-clinical models to test the efficacy of the therapies come with high costs and ethical issues, and imperfect prediction of performance in humans. Ex vivo models represent an alternative avenue to trial cartilage tissue engineering. Defined as viable explanted cartilage samples, ex vivo models can be cultured with a cell-laden biomaterial or tissue-engineered construct to evaluate cartilage repair. Though human and animal ex vivo models are currently used in the field, there is a need for alternative methods to assess the strength of integration, to increase throughput and manage variability and to optimise and standardise culture conditions, enhancing the utility of these models overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Trengove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmine Onofrillo
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dulani Sooriyaaratchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea J O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; BioFab3D@ACMD, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
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Zeng D, Chen Y, Liao Z, Wei G, Huang X, Liang R, Lu WW, Yi D, Chen Y. Cartilage organoids and osteoarthritis research: a narrative review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1278692. [PMID: 38026876 PMCID: PMC10666186 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1278692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, significantly impacting individuals and society. With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of OA is increasing. The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis is not fully understood, and there is no effective way to alleviate the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new disease models and seek new treatments for OA. Cartilage organoids are three-dimensional tissue masses that can simulate organ structure and physiological function and play an important role in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. This review will briefly analyze the research progress of OA, focusing on the construction and current development of cartilage organoids, and then describe the application of cartilage organoids in OA modeling, drug screening, and regeneration and repair of cartilage and bone defects. Finally, some challenges and prospects in the development of cartilaginous organoids are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofu Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yeping Chen
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhidong Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Guizheng Wei
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiajie Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongyuan Liang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - William W. Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dan Yi
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Kleuskens MWA, Crispim JF, van Doeselaar M, van Donkelaar CC, Janssen RPA, Ito K. Neo-cartilage formation using human nondegenerate versus osteoarthritic chondrocyte-derived cartilage organoids in a viscoelastic hydrogel. J Orthop Res 2023. [PMID: 36866819 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Current regenerative cartilage therapies are associated with several drawbacks such as dedifferentiation of chondrocytes during expansion and the formation of fibrocartilage. Optimized chondrocyte expansion and tissue formation could lead to better clinical results of these therapies. In this study, a novel chondrocyte suspension expansion protocol that includes the addition of porcine notochordal cell-derived matrix was used to self-assemble human chondrocytes from osteoarthritic (OA) and nondegenerate (ND) origin into cartilage organoids containing collagen type II and proteoglycans. Proliferation rate and viability were similar for OA and ND chondrocytes and organoids formed had a similar histologic appearance and gene expression profile. Organoids were then encapsulated in viscoelastic alginate hydrogels to form larger tissues. Chondrocytes on the outer bounds of the organoids produced a proteoglycan-rich matrix to bridge the space between organoids. In hydrogels containing ND organoids some collagen type I was observed between the organoids. Surrounding the bulk of organoids in the center of the gels, in both OA and ND gels a continuous tissue containing cells, proteoglycans and collagen type II had been produced. No difference was observed in sulphated glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content between gels containing organoids from OA or ND origin after 28 days. It was concluded that OA chondrocytes, which can be harvested from leftover surgery tissue, perform similar to ND chondrocytes in terms of human cartilage organoid formation and matrix production in alginate gels. This opens possibilities for their potential to serve as a platform for cartilage regeneration but also as an in vitro model to study pathways, pathology, or drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike W A Kleuskens
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marina van Doeselaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Corrinus C van Donkelaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob P A Janssen
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Trauma, Máxima Medical Center, Eindhoven-Veldhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Paramedical Sciences, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Yu Y, Wang J, Li Y, Chen Y, Cui W. Cartilaginous Organoids: Advances, Applications, and Perspectives. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P.R. China
| | - Yamin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Yunsu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery School of Medicine Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University 600 Yishan Road Shanghai 201306 P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Ruijin Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University 197 Ruijin 2nd Road Shanghai 200025 P.R. China
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Grottkau BE, Hui Z, Pang Y. Articular Cartilage Regeneration through Bioassembling Spherical Micro-Cartilage Building Blocks. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203244. [PMID: 36291114 PMCID: PMC9600996 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage lesions are prevalent and affect one out of seven American adults and many young patients. Cartilage is not capable of regeneration on its own. Existing therapeutic approaches for articular cartilage lesions have limitations. Cartilage tissue engineering is a promising approach for regenerating articular neocartilage. Bioassembly is an emerging technology that uses microtissues or micro-precursor tissues as building blocks to construct a macro-tissue. We summarize and highlight the application of bioassembly technology in regenerating articular cartilage. We discuss the advantages of bioassembly and present two types of building blocks: multiple cellular scaffold-free spheroids and cell-laden polymer or hydrogel microspheres. We present techniques for generating building blocks and bioassembly methods, including bioprinting and non-bioprinting techniques. Using a data set of 5069 articles from the last 28 years of literature, we analyzed seven categories of related research, and the year trends are presented. The limitations and future directions of this technology are also discussed.
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