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Thongin S, Den-Udom T, Uppakara K, Sriwantana T, Sibmooh N, Laolob T, Boonthip C, Wichai U, Muta K, Ketsawatsomkron P. Beneficial effects of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin on endothelial inflammation, nitric oxide production and antioxidant activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113521. [PMID: 36007275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) are major pungent capsaicinoids produced in chili peppers. Capsaicin has been previously shown to promote vascular health by increasing nitric oxide (NO) production and reducing inflammatory responses. While capsaicin has been extensively studied, whether DHC exerts cardiovascular benefits through similar mechanisms remains unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the direct effects of DHC on endothelial inflammation, NO release, and free radical scavenging properties. DHC at concentrations up to 50 µM did not affect cell viability, while concentrations of 100 and 500 µM of DHC led to endothelial cytotoxicity. Capsaicin decreased cell viability at concentration of 500 µM. To investigate the effects of capsaicinoids on endothelial activation, we first demonstrated that TNFα induced Ser536 phosphorylation of p65 NFκB, expressions of adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and IL-6 production in primary human endothelial cells. These effects were robustly abrogated by DHC. Consistently, DHC treatment led to a marked reduction in TNFα-mediated monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells. Additionally, NO production was significantly induced by DHC and capsaicin compared to vehicle control. Similar to capsaicin and vitamin C, DHC scavenged DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radicals in vitro. Our present study highlights the benefits of DHC and capsaicin treatment on human endothelial cells and provides evidence to support cardiovascular benefits from capsicum consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowarose Thongin
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Thittaya Den-Udom
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Kwanchanok Uppakara
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Sriwantana
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Thanet Laolob
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Boonthip
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Thailand
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Thailand
| | - Kenjiro Muta
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
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Sarkar A, Kim KT, Tsymbalyuk O, Keledjian K, Wilhelmy BE, Sherani NA, Jia X, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. A Direct Comparison of Physical Versus Dihydrocapsaicin-Induced Hypothermia in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Ther Hypothermia Temp Manag 2022; 12:90-102. [PMID: 35675523 PMCID: PMC9231662 DOI: 10.1089/ther.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition with no effective treatment. Hypothermia induced by physical means (cold fluid) is established as an effective therapy in animal models of SCI, but its clinical translation to humans is hampered by several constraints. Hypothermia induced pharmacologically may be noninferior or superior to physically induced hypothermia for rapid, convenient systemic temperature reduction, but it has not been investigated previously in animal models of SCI. We used a rat model of SCI to compare outcomes in three groups: (1) normothermic controls; (2) hypothermia induced by conventional physical means; (3) hypothermia induced by intravenous (IV) dihydrocapsaicin (DHC). Male rats underwent unilateral lower cervical SCI and were treated after a 4-hour delay with physical cooling or IV DHC (∼0.60 mg/kg total) cooling (both 33.0 ± 1.0°C) lasting 4 hours; controls were kept normothermic. Telemetry was used to monitor temperature and heart rate during and after treatments. In two separate experiments, one ending at 48 hours, the other at 6 weeks, “blinded” investigators evaluated rats in the three groups for neurological function followed by histopathological evaluation of spinal cord tissues. DHC reliably induced systemic cooling to 32–33°C. At both the time points examined, the two modes of hypothermia yielded similar improvements in neurological function and lesion size compared with normothermic controls. Our results indicate that DHC-induced hypothermia may be comparable with physical hypothermia in efficacy, but more clinically feasible to administer than physical hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin T Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Orest Tsymbalyuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaspar Keledjian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley E Wilhelmy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nageen A Sherani
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pathology and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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