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Lee J, Yurkovetskiy LA, Reiman D, Frommer L, Strong Z, Chang A, Kahaly GJ, Khan AA, Chervonsky AV. Androgens contribute to sex bias of autoimmunity in mice by T cell-intrinsic regulation of Ptpn22 phosphatase expression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7688. [PMID: 39227386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) display a strong female bias. Although sex hormones have been associated with protecting males from autoimmunity, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we report that androgen receptor (AR) expressed in T cells regulates genes involved in T cell activation directly, or indirectly via controlling other transcription factors. T cell-specific deletion of AR in mice leads to T cell activation and enhanced autoimmunity in male mice. Mechanistically, Ptpn22, a phosphatase and negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling, is downregulated in AR-deficient T cells. Moreover, a conserved androgen-response element is found in the regulatory region of Ptpn22 gene, and the mutation of this transcription element in non-obese diabetic mice increases the incidence of spontaneous and inducible diabetes in male mice. Lastly, Ptpn22 deficiency increases the disease severity of male mice in a mouse model of SLE. Our results thus implicate AR-regulated genes such as PTPN22 as potential therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22/metabolism
- Male
- Female
- Autoimmunity
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Mice
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Androgens/metabolism
- Mice, Knockout
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lee
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Leonid A Yurkovetskiy
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
| | - Derek Reiman
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lara Frommer
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Zoe Strong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Aly A Khan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA.
| | - Alexander V Chervonsky
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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Paparella R, Menghi M, Micangeli G, Leonardi L, Profeta G, Tarani F, Petrella C, Ferraguti G, Fiore M, Tarani L. Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes in the Pediatric Age. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030588. [PMID: 36980146 PMCID: PMC10047132 DOI: 10.3390/children10030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APSs) encompass a heterogeneous group of rare diseases characterized by autoimmune activity against two or more endocrine or non-endocrine organs. Three types of APSs are reported, including both monogenic and multifactorial, heterogeneous disorders. The aim of this manuscript is to present the main clinical and epidemiological characteristics of APS-1, APS-2, and IPEX syndrome in the pediatric age, describing the mechanisms of autoimmunity and the currently available treatments for these rare conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paparella
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Menghi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Micangeli
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Profeta
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Tarani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Petrella
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Fiore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (L.T.)
| | - Luigi Tarani
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (L.T.)
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3
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Molecular Mechanisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060918. [PMID: 36980259 PMCID: PMC10047067 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of acquired thyroid dysfunction is autoimmune thyroid disease, which is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with two presentation phenotypes: hyperthyroidism (Graves-Basedow disease) and hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is distinguished by the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. Meanwhile, autoantibodies against the TSH receptor have been found in Graves-Basedow disease. Numerous susceptibility genes, as well as epigenetic and environmental factors, contribute to the pathogenesis of both diseases. This review summarizes the most common genetic, epigenetic, and environmental mechanisms involved in autoimmune thyroid disease.
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Frommer L, König J, Chatzidou S, Chionos G, Längericht J, Kahaly GJ. Recurrence risk of autoimmune thyroid and endocrine diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 37:101636. [PMID: 35365417 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The recurrence risk ratio (λ) expresses the risk ratio of index patients' first-degree relatives developing a disease as compared to the general population and is a quantitative measure of the genetic contribution to the disease. This paper offers the results of a specialized center as well as a review of the pertinent literature. METHODS Data from 3315 consecutive subjects followed at an ORPHAN academic tertiary referral expert center for endocrine autoimmunity as well as 419 unrelated German families were collected. λ was assessed based on 806 well-documented subjects, 299 index patients with autoimmune glandular (AIGD) and non-endocrine diseases and 507 of their first-degree relatives (328 children, 179 siblings). RESULTS As many as 36% of relatives of patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) were affected by various autoimmune conditions. Twenty-five percent and 23% of all relatives had an AIGD or an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), respectively. Furthermore, 29% and 25% of relatives of index cases with polyglandular (PGA) and monoglandular (MGA) autoimmunity were affected. The recurrence risk for AITD was increased 16-fold in both children and siblings compared to the general population (λ, 95% CI 16, 11-21 and 16, 12-19, respectively). Furthermore, λ for AITD/AIGD was 21.62 (95% CI 14.17-30.69)/17.57 (11.80-24.36) and 13.48 (8.42-20.52)/10.68 (6.76-16.02) for siblings of patients with PGA and MGA, respectively. Overall, a strong genetic component for AITD and AIGD with a significant genetic impact on the development of PGA was demonstrated. CONCLUSION These novel results strongly recommend the screening for AITD and AIGD in children and siblings of index patients with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Frommer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sofia Chatzidou
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Chionos
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Längericht
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - George J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Abou El Ella SS, Tawfik MA, Mohammed ZS, Barseem NF. PTPN22 gene and IL2RA rs11594656, rs2104286 gene variants: additional insights of polygenic single-nucleotide polymorphisms’ pattern among Egyptian children with type 1 diabetes. EGYPTIAN PEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION GAZETTE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-021-00079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) results from environmental and genetic factors.
We aimed to investigate the distribution of PTPN22, IL2RA rs11594656, and rs2104286 variants and its association with T1D in children.
A case-control study conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 control children. PTPN22 gene, IL2RA rs11594656, and rs2104286 polymorphisms study were done by PCR followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay.
Results
T allele of PTPN22 gene was presented more frequently 47% in patient group versus 30% in controls, while C allele was 53% in the diabetic group versus 70% in controls showing a statistically significant difference between patient and control groups. Similarly, TT 1858 genotype was found in higher frequency with a statistically significant difference in favor of T1D patients (p = 0.038), OR (CI 95% 3.16 (1.28–7.09).
For IL2RA rs11594656 polymorphism, the frequency of TT, TA, and AA in patients at percentages of 20%, 60%, and 20% versus 4%, 60%, and 36% in controls respectively showed significant difference (p = 0.045). Also, T allele was detected more in patients group as evidenced by p = 0.059, OR (95% CI) of 2.38(1.49–6.12). Whereas, IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism revealed a difference of otherwise non-statistical significance (p = 0.091). Those who harbored homozygous pattern of both IL2RA polymorphisms frequently had DKA and high mean HbA1C values.
Conclusion
PTPN22 (C1858T) and IL2RA rs11594656 polymorphisms increased the risk of T1DM development, while IL2RA rs2104286 polymorphism did not display any significant association among children with T1D. Having more than one risk allele could affect progression and control of T1D.
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Mueller AL, Payandeh Z, Mohammadkhani N, Mubarak SMH, Zakeri A, Alagheband Bahrami A, Brockmueller A, Shakibaei M. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: New Treatment Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113017. [PMID: 34831240 PMCID: PMC8616543 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered a chronic systemic, multi-factorial, inflammatory, and progressive autoimmune disease affecting many people worldwide. While patients show very individual courses of disease, with RA focusing on the musculoskeletal system, joints are often severely affected, leading to local inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion. To prevent joint damage and physical disability as one of many symptoms of RA, early diagnosis is critical. Auto-antibodies play a pivotal clinical role in patients with systemic RA. As biomarkers, they could help to make a more efficient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decision. Besides auto-antibodies, several other factors are involved in the progression of RA, such as epigenetic alterations, post-translational modifications, glycosylation, autophagy, and T-cells. Understanding the interplay between these factors would contribute to a deeper insight into the causes, mechanisms, progression, and treatment of the disease. In this review, the latest RA research findings are discussed to better understand the pathogenesis, and finally, treatment strategies for RA therapy are presented, including both conventional approaches and new methods that have been developed in recent years or are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166-15731, Iran;
| | - Niloufar Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
- Children’s Medical Center, Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Shaden M. H. Mubarak
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf 1967365271, Iraq;
| | - Alireza Zakeri
- Department of Biology Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran;
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Aranka Brockmueller
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany; (A.-L.M.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-72624
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Kyrgios I, Giza S, Fragou A, Tzimagiorgis G, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. DNA hypermethylation of PTPN22 gene promoter in children and adolescents with Hashimoto thyroiditis. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:2131-2138. [PMID: 33751486 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) is an inhibitor of T-cell activation, regulating intracellular signal transduction and thereby being implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The exact molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to quantitate DNA methylation within the PTPN22 gene promoter in children and adolescents with AITD and healthy controls. METHODS 60 Patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), 25 patients with HT and type 1 diabetes (HT + T1D), 9 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 55 healthy controls without any individual or family history of autoimmune disease were enrolled. Whole blood DNA extraction, DNA modification using sodium bisulfate and quantification of DNA methylation in the PTPN22 gene promoter, based on melting curve analysis of the selected DNA fragment using a Real-Time PCR assay, were implemented. RESULTS DNA methylation in the PTPN22 gene promoter was found to be significantly higher in HT patients (39.9 ± 3.1%) in comparison with other study groups (20.3 ± 2.4% for HT + T1D, 32.6 ± 7.8% for GD, 27.1 ± 2.4% for controls, p < 0.001). PTPN22 gene promoter DNA methylation was also associated marginally with thyroid autoimmunity in general (p = 0.059), as well as considerably with thyroid volume (p = 0.004) and the presence of goiter (p = 0.001) but not thyroid function tests. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that a relationship between autoimmune thyroiditis and PTPN22 gene promoter DNA methylation state is present, thus proposing another possible etiological association between thyroiditis and abnormalities of PTPN22 function. Further expression studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kyrgios
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - S Giza
- 4th Department of Pediatrics, Papageorgiou General Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Fragou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Tzimagiorgis
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - A Galli-Tsinopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA General University Hospital, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kiriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece.
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Li J, Wang Y, Zheng X, Sheng J, Guo H, Long W, Xu Y. Quantitative evaluation of PTPN22 copy number variation by digital droplet PCR and association with type 2 diabetes risk. Endocr J 2021; 68:153-162. [PMID: 32938833 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic endocrine disorder with rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Genetic instability leading to metabolic dysfunction plays an important role in T2D susceptibility and progression. Structural alteration in genome, that is, copy number variation (CNV) is emerging as the inherent marker for disease identification. Previous genomic CNV array revealed that protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene was overlapped with a CNV region, however, whether this CNV affected T2D risk remains to be further elucidated. In this study, we first identified divergent distributions of the PTPN22 copy number (CN) between T2D patients and healthy controls in Chinese population (p < 0.01). Risk assessment analysis revealed that the CN gain (OR = 3.28, p < 0.001) was the promising risk factor for T2D. Also, significantly positive correlations of the PTPN22 CNV with fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were demonstrated in T2D patients. Statistical association analysis investigated that the T2D individuals carrying CN gain showed higher plasma glucose and lower insulin levels than those carrying CN normal and loss at 60 min/120 min/180 min during an OGTT test. In addition, the PTPN22 CNV had an effect on total cholesterol, and the CN gain presented higher values than the other two CN types. These results suggested that the CN gain types of the PTPN22 gene accompany with the glycometabolism dysregulation, and finally predispose their carriers to T2D; therefore, the PTPN22 CNV may be a promising biomarker for predicting T2D risk, or a clinical target for T2D diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Wenlin Long
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
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Frommer L, Kahaly GJ. Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease-The Genetic Link. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:618213. [PMID: 33776915 PMCID: PMC7988207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.618213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are the most frequent chronic autoimmune diseases worldwide. Several autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders tend to occur together. T1D and AITD often cluster in individuals and families, seen in the formation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP). The close relationship between these two diseases is largely explained by sharing a common genetic background. The HLA antigens DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) and DQ8 (DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302), tightly linked with DR3 and DR4, are the major common genetic predisposition. Moreover, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (or rare variants) of various genes, such as the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte- associated antigen (CTLA4), the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), the interleukin-2 Receptor (IL2Ra), the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the tumor-necrosis-factor-α (TNF) that are involved in immune regulation have been identified to confer susceptibility to both T1D and AITD. Other genes including cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40), the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), the MHC Class I Polypeptide-Related Sequence A (MICA), insulin variable number of tandem repeats (INS-VNTR), the C-Type Lectin Domain Containing 16A (CLEC16A), the Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 3 (ERBB3) gene, the interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 (IFIH1), and various cytokine genes are also under suspicion to increase susceptibility to T1D and AITD. Further, BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2), C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), SH2B adaptor protein 3 (SH2B3), and Rac family small GTPase 2 (RAC2) are found to be associated with T1D and AITD by various independent genome wide association studies and overlap in our list, indicating a strong common genetic link for T1D and AITD. As several susceptibility genes and environmental factors contribute to the disease aetiology of both T1D and AITD and/or AP subtype III variant (T1D+AITD) simultaneously, all patients with T1D should be screened for AITD, and vice versa.
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10
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Wu H, Wan S, Qu M, Ren B, Liu L, Shen H. The Relationship between PTPN22 R620W Polymorphisms and the Susceptibility to Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: An Updated Meta-analysis. Immunol Invest 2020; 51:438-451. [PMID: 33103521 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1837154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) R620W polymorphism has been related to susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with inconsistent results. Therefore, this meta-analysis was designed to assess a more accurate association between the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism and AITD susceptibility. A systematic search of the EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CBM, CNKI, and WanFang databases was performed to determine relevant publications. Statistical analyses of the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and p values were performed using STATA software. Our meta-analysis included 18 separate studies comprised of 4,726 cases and 4,220 controls. In the allele and all genetic models, PTPN22 R620W polymorphism and Graves' disease (GD) (allele model TvsC: OR = 1.573; 95% CI = 1.378-1.795; P < .001) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) (allele model TvsC: OR = 1.737; 95% CI = 1.230-2.454; P = .002) susceptibility was positively associated. A racial subgroup analysis showed that the T allele significantly increased AITD susceptibility in all genetic models involving Caucasians, but not in Asians. This meta-analysis showed that the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism is associated with the risk of GD and HT in the overall study population. In addition, the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism is associated with elevated AITD risk in Caucasians, but not in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyong Wu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Siyuan Wan
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengying Qu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bingxuan Ren
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Li L, Liu S, Yu J. Autoimmune thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus: same pathogenesis; new perspective? Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958329. [PMID: 32973994 PMCID: PMC7493255 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are two common autoimmune diseases that can occur concomitantly. In general, patients with diabetes have a high risk of AITD. It has been proposed that a complex genetic basis together with multiple nongenetic factors make a variable contribution to the pathogenesis of T1DM and AITD. In this paper, we summarize current knowledge in the field regarding potential pathogenic factors of T1DM and AITD, including human leukocyte antigen, autoimmune regulator, lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase, forkhead box protein P3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen, infection, vitamin D deficiency, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand. These findings offer an insight into future immunotherapy for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First People’s Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shudong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, 181 Xingtan Road, Tengzhou, Shandong Province, 277500, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Gut microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis of endocrine disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:915-931. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) are the two most common autoimmune endocrine diseases that have rising global incidence. These diseases are caused by the immune-mediated destruction of hormone-producing endocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells and thyroid follicular cells, respectively. Both genetic predisposition and environmental factors govern the onset of T1D and HT. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in accelerating or preventing disease progression depending on the compositional and functional profile of the gut bacterial communities. Accumulating evidence points towards the interplay between the disruption of gut microbial homeostasis (dysbiosis) and the breakdown of host immune tolerance at the onset of both diseases. In this review, we will summarize the major recent findings about the microbiome alterations associated with T1D and HT, and the connection of these changes to disease states. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential mechanisms by which gut microbial dysbiosis modulates the course of the disease, including disruption of intestinal barrier integrity and microbial production of immunomodulatory metabolites. The aim of this review is to provide broad insight into the role of gut microbiome in the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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Singh J, Sharma A, Rani L, Kaur N, Anand S, Saikia B, Jha S, Nada R, Minz RW. Distinct HLA and non-HLA associations in different subtypes of ANCA-associated vasculitides in North India. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:958-965. [PMID: 32297471 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by necrotizing small vessel vasculitis that can affect various organs and present multiple symptoms. Susceptibility to AAV is multifactorial and most likely caused by an amalgamation of genetic and environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1/DQB1, protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) and cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms in North Indian AAV patients and their associations with clinical and pathological characteristics associated with the disease. METHODS A total of 150 AAV patients and 150 healthy controls were recruited. The clinical classification showed 128 as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and 21 as microscopic polyangiitis. Only 1 case of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis was encountered, which was excluded from analysis. HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method and single nucleotide variant genotyping for CTLA-4 and PTPN22 was done by simple probe-based SNP arrays. RESULTS A significant predispositional association of DRB1*03 and DQB1*02 alleles, were confirmed in proteinase 3 (PR3)-AAV patients, whereas DRB1*10, DRB1*14 and DQB1*05 were protective alleles in AAV, PR3-AAV and GPA patients. GG genotype of CTLA-4 + 49A/G was increased in patients as compared to controls and showed an association with AAV, PR3-AAV and GPA patients. CONCLUSION The study indicated strong genetic associations were linked with PR3 antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody specificity and it appears that PR3-AAV and MPO-AAV have distinct genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdeep Singh
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lekha Rani
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navchetan Kaur
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shashi Anand
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Biman Saikia
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saket Jha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ritambhra Nada
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjana Walker Minz
- Department of Immunopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Abstract
Autoimmune polyglandular diseases (APD) are defined as the presence of two autoimmune -induced endocrine failures. With respect to the significant morbidity and potential mortality of APD, the diagnostic objective is to detect APD at an early stage, with the advantage of less frequent complications, effective therapy and better prognosis. This requires that patients at risk be regularly screened for subclinical endocrinopathies prior to clinical manifestation. Regarding the time interval between manifestation of first and further endocrinopathies, regular and long-term follow-up is warranted. Quality of life and psychosocial status are poor in APD patients and involved relatives. Familial clustering is high in patients with APD. Considering the high incidence of one or more endocrinopathies in first-degree relatives of patients with APD, family members should be regularly screened since they may also develop autoimmune endocrinopathies. Multidisciplinary management of these multiplex families in specialized centers is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lara Frommer
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
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Ghorban K, Ezzeddini R, Eslami M, Yousefi B, Sadighi Moghaddam B, Tahoori MT, Dadmanesh M, Salek Farrokhi A. PTPN22 1858 C/T polymorphism is associated with alteration of cytokine profiles as a potential pathogenic mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2019; 216:106-113. [PMID: 31669381 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common prevalent autoimmune diseases. The 1858 C/T (rs2476601) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the PTPN22 gene has been associated with susceptibility to inflammatory based diseases in several populations. It is implicated that altered cytokine production has a potential pathogenic role in the development of RA. The aim of this work was to analyze the association of 1858 C/T PTPN22 polymorphism in RA patients with cytokine profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on 120 RA patients who were referred to the Rheumatology Research Centre, Shariati Hospital (Tehran, Iran), and 120 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted and genotyped for 1858 C/T PTPN22 gene SNP using the PCR-RFLP technique. Serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ as well as Anti-CCP and RF was measured by ELISA method. RESULTS Results showed that 1858 C/T PTPN22 SNP significantly (P = 0.007, OR = 2.321, 95% CI = 1.063-5.067) associated with RA. The 1858 T allele frequency was also significantly increased in RA patients in comparison to the controls (P = 0.008, OR = 3.583, 95% CI = 1.3-9.878). Our data demonstrated a significant reduction of IL-4 and IL-10 in PTPN22 1858C/T compared to 1858C/C RA patients. In addition, upregulation of IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α was observed in PTPN22 1858C/T vs. 1858C/C RA patients. DISCUSSION Our findings implicate altered cytokine profiles as a possible pathogenic mechanism by which the 1858 T allele may contribute to the progress of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khodayar Ghorban
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Ezzeddini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bizhan Sadighi Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Taher Tahoori
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Dadmanesh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Salek Farrokhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Frommer L, Kahaly GJ. Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4769-4782. [PMID: 31127843 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT This mini-review offers an update on the rare autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP) syndrome with a synopsis of recent developments. DESIGN AND RESULTS Systematic search for studies related to pathogenesis, immunogenetics, screening, diagnosis, clinical spectrum, and epidemiology of AP. AP (orphan code ORPHA 282196) is defined as the autoimmune-induced failure of at least two glands. AP is divided into the rare juvenile type I and the adult types II to IV. The prevalence is 1:100,000 and 1:20,000 for types I and types II to IV, respectively. Whereas type I (ORPHA 3453) is a monogenetic syndrome with an autosomal recessive transmission related to mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene, types II to IV are genetically complex multifactorial syndromes that are strongly associated with certain alleles of HLA genes within the major histocompatibility complex located on chromosome 6, as well as the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 genes. Addison disease is the major endocrine component of type II (ORPHA 3143), whereas the coexistence of type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease is characteristic for type III (ORPHA 227982). Genetic screening for the AIRE gene is useful in patients with suspected type I, whereas serological screening (i.e., diabetes/adrenal antibodies) is required in patients with monoglandular autoimmunity and suspected AP. If positive, functional endocrine testing of the antibody-positive patients as well as serological screening of their first-degree relatives is recommended. CONCLUSION Timely diagnosis, genetic counseling, and optimal long-term management of AP is best offered in specialized centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Frommer
- Orphan Disease Center for Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - George J Kahaly
- Orphan Disease Center for Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy, Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Biondi B, Kahaly GJ, Robertson RP. Thyroid Dysfunction and Diabetes Mellitus: Two Closely Associated Disorders. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:789-824. [PMID: 30649221 PMCID: PMC6507635 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are closely linked. Several studies have documented the increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus and vice versa. This review critically discusses the different underlying mechanisms linking type 1 and 2 diabetes and thyroid dysfunction to demonstrate that the association of these two common disorders is unlikely a simple coincidence. We assess the current state of knowledge on the central and peripheral control of thyroid hormone on food intake and glucose and lipid metabolism in target tissues (such as liver, white and brown adipose tissue, pancreatic β cells, and skeletal muscle) to explain the mechanism linking overt and subclinical hypothyroidism to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We also elucidate the common susceptibility genes and the pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to the autoimmune mechanism involved in the onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disorders. An untreated thyroid dysfunction can impair the metabolic control of diabetic patients, and this association can have important repercussions on the outcome of both of these disorders. Therefore, we offer recommendations for the diagnosis, management, and screening of thyroid disorders in patients with diabetes mellitus, including the treatment of diabetic patients planning a pregnancy. We also discuss the major causes of failure to achieve an optimal management of thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients and provide recommendations for assessing and treating these disorders during therapy with antidiabetic drugs. An algorithm for a correct approach of these disorders when linked is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Biondi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Paul Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Lei ZX, Chen WJ, Liang JQ, Wang YJ, Jin L, Xu C, Kang XJ. The association between rs2476601 polymorphism in PTPN22 gene and risk of alopecia areata: A meta-analysis of case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15448. [PMID: 31096440 PMCID: PMC6531179 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2476601 of the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene has been presented to implicate in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) in a few association investigations with limited sample size and inconsistent conclusions. METHODS The aim of the current meta-analysis was to assess and synthesize the presently available data on the connection between rs2476601 and AA vulnerability. Six electronic databases, including EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang data, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database (CNKI), were systematically retrieved for relevant observational studies published previous to November 2018. Total odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were analyzed to evaluate the correlation between PTPN22 polymorphism and AA. Risk of bias was estimated according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Sensitivity analyses were carried out using the RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS In general, 5 case-control studies including 1129 AA patients and 1702 healthy control individuals were obtained for this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that rs2476601 SNP was significantly associated with AA susceptibility under allelic model (C vs T, OR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.64-0.92, P = .003) and recessive model (CC vs CT + TT, OR = 0.73, 95% CI, 0.60-0.88, P = .001). CONCLUSION On the basis of the results of the current research, the rs2476601 polymorphism of PTPN22 gene is significantly correlated with AA susceptibility. The C-allele and CC-genotype carriers at this locus have a lower risk of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Lei
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen-Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun-Qin Liang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lan Jin
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
- Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang
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Wang B, Jia X, Yao Q, Li Q, He W, Li L, Song R, Zhang J, Zhang JA. CEP128 is a crucial risk locus for autoimmune thyroid diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:97-106. [PMID: 30393005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) mainly includes Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and its pathogenesis is not clearly defined. This study was designed to explore risk loci for AITD. Genome-wide genetic data were analyzed to identify important risk loci for GD, and a case-control study with 845 AITD patients and 694 healthy controls was also conducted. The functional role of possible risk loci for GD was explored by analyzing the correlations of Centrosomal protein 128 (CEP128) expression level with intrathyroidal immune cells and key genes for candidate immune cells in GD thyroid tissues. CEP128 was identified as an important risk locus for GD in the genome-wide genetic analysis, and it was located near TSHR without obvious linkage disequilibrium with TSHR. Two tag single-nucleotide variants in CEP128 including a missense variant rs327463 were substantially related to genetic predisposition to GD and HT in the case-control study. CEP128 rs327463 was substantially related to GD under the allele model (OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.08-1.59, P = 0.006) and the dominant model (OR = 1.37, 95%CI 1.09-1.72, P = 0.008), and it was related to HT under the recessive model (OR = 1.85, P = 0.031) and the homozygous model (OR = 1.91, P = 0.025). Moreover, CEP128 was substantially correlated with the frequencies of T-follicular helper (Tfh) cell and M1 macrophages in GD tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that CEP128 was related to several common immune pathways involved in GD pathogenesis, such as interferon-γ mediated signaling pathway and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. This study highlight the crucial role of CEP128 in the pathogenesis of GD, and polymorphisms in CEP128 contribute to genetic predisposition to both GD and HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qiuming Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Weiwei He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanan Medical University, Shaanxi, 716000, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ronghua Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Jin-An Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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El Fotoh WMMA, El Razek Midan DA, El Shalakany AH. Role of C1858T Polymorphism of Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 16:73-79. [PMID: 29984661 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180709102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease. The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene is an important negative regulator of signal transduction through the T-cell Receptors (TCR). A PTPN22 polymorphism, C1858T, has been found to be a risk determinant for several autoimmune diseases, including T1DM, in different populations. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to analyze a possible association between the C1858T polymorphism in Egyptian children with T1DM. METHODS This case-control study included 240 children divided evenly between T1DM patients and controls. The PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). RESULTS Both the 1858CΤ and 1858ΤΤ genotypes and the 1858T allele were found more frequently in patients (32.5% and 18.7%, respectively) than in controls (10% and 5.0%, respectively), P=0.013 and P=0.007, respectively. Among females, the 1858T allele was more common in patients (18%) than in controls (2.6%), P=0.014. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the PTPN22 1858T allele could be a T1DM susceptibility factor in the Egyptian population and that it might play a different role in susceptibility to T1DM according to gender in T1DM patients.
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Abstract
About two third of the human microbial commensal community, namely the gut microbiota, is hosted by the gastrointestinal tract which represents the largest interface of the organism to the external environment. This microbial community co-evolved in a symbiotic relationship with the human beings. Growing evidence support the notion that the microbiota plays a significant role in maintaining nutritional, metabolic and immunologic homeostasis in the host. Microbiota, beside the expected role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis also exerts metabolic functions in nutrients digestion and absorption, detoxification and vitamins' synthesis. Intestinal microbiota is also key in the correct development of the lymphoid system, 70% of which resides at the intestinal level. Available studies, both in murine models and humans, have shown an altered ratio between the different phyla, which characterize a" normal" gut microbiota, in a number of different disorders including obesity, to which a significant part of the studies on intestinal microbiota has been addressed so far. These variations in gut microbiota composition, known as dysbiosis, has been also described in patients bearing intestinal autoimmune diseases as well as type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Being Hashimoto's thyroiditis the most frequent autoimmune disorder worldwide, the analysis of the reciprocal influence with intestinal microbiota gained interest. The whole thyroid peripheral homeostasis may be sensitive to microbiota changes but there is also evidence that the genesis and progression of autoimmune thyroid disorders may be significantly affected from a changing intestinal microbial composition or even from overt dysbiosis. In this brief review, we focused on the main features which characterize the reciprocal influence between microbiota and thyroid autoimmunity described in the most recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy.
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy.
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital "G. Martino", Messina, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Endocrinology Section, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy
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Kahaly GJ, Frommer L, Schuppan D. Celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity - the genetic link. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1169-1175. [PMID: 30316996 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is a small intestinal inflammatory disease with autoimmune features that is triggered and maintained by the ingestion of the storage proteins (gluten) of wheat, barley and rye. The prevalence of celiac disease is increased in patients with monoglandular and/or polyglandular autoimmunity and their relatives. Between 10 and 30% of patients with celiac disease are thyroid and/or type 1 diabetes antibody positive, while around 5 to 7% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes are IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody positive. The close relationship between celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity is largely explained by sharing a common genetic background. The HLA antigens DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) and/or DQ8 (DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302), that are tightly linked to DR3 and DR4, respectively, are the major common genetic predisposition. Moreover, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of various genes that are involved in immune regulation have been identified as "overlap" susceptibility genes for both celiac disease and monoglandular or polyglandular autoimmunity. While plausible, it remains to be established how far a gluten free diet may prevent or ameliorate glandular autoimmunity. In conclusion, all patients with celiac disease should be screened for type 1 diabetes and/or autoimmune thyroid disease. Conversely, patients with the above autoimmune endocrine disorders should be also screened for celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Lara Frommer
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology and the Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Rydzewska M, Góralczyk A, Gościk J, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Bossowska A, Krętowski A, Bossowski A. Analysis of chosen polymorphisms rs2476601 a/G - PTPN22, rs1990760 C/T - IFIH1, rs179247 a/G - TSHR in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:183-190. [PMID: 29973096 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1486824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroid diseases are multifactorial diseases with a genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. A potential role of the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene, the interferon-induced helicase domain 1 (IFIH1) gene, the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene polymorphisms on autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) in adults has been established unequivocally, but there is still lack of research articles including group of children. Objective and hypotheses: To estimate the association of polymorphisms of PTPN22, IFIH1 and TSH-R genes with the pre-disposition to Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in children. METHODS The study was performed in 142 patients with GD, 57 with HT and 160 healthy volunteers. The three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): rs2476601 - PTPN22, rs1990760 - IFIH1 and rs179247 - TSHR were genotyped by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay using the real-time PCR. RESULTS Rs2476601 A alleles were more frequent in patients with GD in comparison to healthy subjects (p = .009 with odds ratio [OR] = 2.13). Rs2476601 A alleles were more frequent in patients with HT in comparison to healthy subjects (p = .008, OR = 2.48). Rs1990760 T alleles were more frequent in male patients with GD in comparison to healthy males (p = .003, OR = 3.00). In case of HT patients, rs1990760 T alleles were also more frequent in males compared to healthy subjects (p = .086, OR =2.47). Rs179247 A alleles were more frequent in patients with GD in comparison to healthy subjects (p = 0.039, OR = 1.51). CONCLUSIONS Rs2476601 A/G, Rs1990760 C/T and Rs179247 A/G polymorphisms could contribute to the development of AITDs in children. The main risk factor for rs2476601 and rs179247 is allele A. In case of rs1990760, the main risk factor is allele T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rydzewska
- a Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Aleksandra Góralczyk
- a Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Joanna Gościk
- b Software Department, Faculty of Computer Science , Białystok University of Technology , Białystok , Poland
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- c Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes with Internal Medicine , Medical University in Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Anna Bossowska
- d Division of Cardiology , Internal Affairs and Administration Ministry Hospital in Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Adam Krętowski
- c Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes with Internal Medicine , Medical University in Białystok , Białystok , Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- a Department of Pediatric Endocrinology , Diabetology with Cardiology Division, Medical University of Białystok , Białystok , Poland
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Houcken J, Degenhart C, Bender K, König J, Frommer L, Kahaly GJ. PTPN22 and CTLA-4 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Polyglandular Autoimmunity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1977-1984. [PMID: 29409002 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of various genes increase susceptibility to monoglandular autoimmunity. Data on autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APSs) are scarce. OBJECTIVE Evaluate potential associations of eight SNPs with APSs. SETTING Academic referral endocrine clinic. PATIENTS A total of 543 patients with APS and monoglandular autoimmunity and controls. INTERVENTION The SNP protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) rs2476601 (+1858); cytotoxic T-lymphocyte‒associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) rs3087243 (CT60) and rs231775 (AG49); vitamin D receptor (VDR) rs1544410 (Bsm I), rs7975232 (Apa I), rs731236 (Taq I); tumor necrosis factor α rs1800630 (-863); and interleukin-2 receptor alpha rs10795791 were tested by single-base extension in all subjects. RESULTS The PTPN22 +1858 allele and genotype distribution were markedly different between APS, type 1 diabetes [T1D; odds ratio (OR): 2.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52 to 4.68; P = 0.001], Graves disease (GD; OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.16 to 3.25; P = 0.011), and controls (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.82 to 6.02; P < 0.001). T-allele carriers' risk for APS was increased (OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 1.97 to 7.14; P < 0.001). T-allele frequency was higher among APS than controls (OR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.82 to 5.82; P < 0.001), T1D (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.48 to 4.36; P = 0.001), or GD (OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.15 to 3.11; P = 0.012). The SNP CTLA-4 CT60 G-allele carriers were more frequent in APS (85%) than controls (78%) (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.99). Combined analysis of CTLA-4 AG49 and CT60 revealed OR 4.89; 95% CI: 1.86 to13.59; P = 0.00018 of the genotype combination AG/GG for APS vs controls. VDR polymorphisms Bsm I, Apa I, and Taq I did not, but the haplotypes differed between APS and controls (P = 0.0011). CONCLUSIONS PTPN22 and CTLA-4 polymorphisms are associated with APS and differentiate between polyglandular and monoglandular autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Houcken
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Degenhart
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus Bender
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lara Frommer
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - George J Kahaly
- Molecular Thyroid Research Laboratory, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Welter M, Volanski W, Alberton D, França SN, Picheth G, de Moraes Rego FG. Polymorphism rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene is associated with type 1 diabetes in children from the South Region of Brazil. Gene 2018; 650:15-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Fatourechi A, Ardakani HM, Sayarifard F, Sheikh M. Hypothyroidism among pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, from patients' characteristics to disease severity. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2017; 26:73-80. [PMID: 28458459 PMCID: PMC5402308 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.26.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed this study to evaluate the associations of hypothyroidism with clinical
severity and the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at initial diagnosis among
pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). 330 children with T1DM who
referred to Diabetes Clinic were enrolled. The medical records were e valuated and a blood
sample was drawn from patients for measuring thyroid function and antibodies, blood
glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. Hypothyroidism was detected in 9.6% of
children with T1DM and was associated with higher rates of DKA (OR = 3.15, 95%CI =
1.48–6.71) and younger age at initial diagnosis (7.3 ± 3.2 vs. 10.1 ± 2.5, p = 0.04),
higher levels of HbA1C upon enrolment (9.8 ± 2.2 vs. 8.8 ± 1.9, p = 0.02) and the
requirement for higher insulin doses to control the disease (0.9 ± 0.42 vs. 0.81 ± 0.2, p
= 0.03) compared to children with T1DM and normal thyroid function. Additionally children
with T1DM and hypothyroidism had significantly higher rates of anti-TPO antibodies (p <
0.001), consanguinity in their parents (p =0.01), and family history of diabetes mellitus
(p = 0.02) in their first degree relatives. In conclusion autoimmune hypothyroidism is
prevalent among children with T1DM and is associated with a more aggressive disease at
initial presentation, poorly controlled T1DM, and requirement for higher Insulin doses for
controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatourechi
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Sayarifard
- Public Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ke X, Song S, Wang X, Shen Y, Kang H, Hong S. Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of PTPN22 and Ctla4 genes with the risk of allergic rhinitis in a Chinese Han population. Hum Immunol 2016; 78:227-231. [PMID: 27888068 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airway. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 encoded by PTPN22 gene and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated 4 encoded by Ctla4 gene are associated with autoimmune diseases. PURPOSE This study was performed to evaluate the potential association of PTPN22 and Ctla4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AR in a Chinese Han population. METHODS A case-control study was performed in 783 Chinese AR patients and 811 healthy controls. Three SNPs in PTPN22 gene (rs2488457, rs1310182, and rs3789604) and 6 SNPs in Ctla4 gene (rs3087243, rs231779, rs11571302, rs11571315, rs231725, and rs35219727) were detected using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS For PTPN22 gene, a significantly decreased prevalence of the rs2488457 CC genotype and C allele was found in AR patients. The frequencies of the rs1310182 CC genotype, CT genotype, and C allele were significantly associated with the risk of AR. For Ctla4 gene, a significantly increased prevalence of the rs11571302 AA genotype, CA genotype and A allele was noted in AR patients. CONCLUSION SNPs of PTPN22 and Ctla4 genes are significantly associated with the risk of AR in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanghua Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Houyong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suling Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Kahaly GJ, Hansen MP. Type 1 diabetes associated autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:644-8. [PMID: 26903475 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The economic costs are considerable given the cardiovascular complications and co-morbidities that it may entail. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. The pathogenesis of T1D is complex and multifactorial and involves a genetic susceptibility that predisposes to abnormal immune responses in the presence of ill-defined environmental insults to the pancreatic islets. Genetic background may affect the risk for autoimmune disease and patients with T1D exhibit an increased risk of other autoimmune disorders such as autoimmune thyroid disease, Addison's disease, autoimmune gastritis, coeliac disease and vitiligo. Approximately 20%-25% of patients with T1D have thyroid antibodies, and up to 50% of such patients progress to clinical autoimmune thyroid disease. Approximately 0.5% of diabetic patients have concomitant Addison's disease and 4% have coeliac disease. The prevalence of autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia is 5% to 10% and 2.6% to 4%, respectively. Early detection of antibodies and latent organ-specific dysfunction is advocated to alert physicians to take appropriate action in order to prevent full-blown disease. Patients and family members should be educated to be able to recognize signs and symptoms of underlying disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Martin P Hansen
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Mory DB, Gabbay MAL, Rocco ER, Kasamatsu T, Crispim F, Miranda WL, Dib SA. High frequency of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI in Brazilian Type 1 diabetes mellitus patients with clinical autoimmune thyroid disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2016; 8:29. [PMID: 27011770 PMCID: PMC4804530 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-016-0145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been studied as genetic markers of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and some studies have reported associations with autoimmune thyroid disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between VDR FokI polymorphism (rs10735810), thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction (TD) in Brazilian T1DM. METHODS One-hundred-eighty T1DM patients were evaluated for age, duration of diabetes (DDM), positivity to TPO Antibody (TPOA), GAD Antibody (GADA), IA2 Antibody (IA2A) and fasting serum C-peptide (FCP) according to diagnosis of TD. PCR-RFLP analyses were carried out for VDR polymorphism FokI. RESULTS TPOA positivity (80.0 vs. 25.0 %, p < 0.001) and GADA positivity (56.0 vs. 30.3 %, p = 0.01) were higher in T1DM patients with TD with the same age and DDM than the group without TD, with no difference of FCP and IA2A positivity. We observed higher prevalence of VDR FokI in T1DM with TD (ff and Ff 73.9 % with TD vs. 52.7 % without TD, p = 0.05). Positivity to TPOA and presence of FokI polymorphism were significantly associated with the concurrence of TD in T1DM patients (OR 18.1; CI 3.7-87.0; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The VDR FokI polymorphism (rs10735810) was associated to persistence of GADA, TPOA positivity and TD in Brazilian T1DM. Positivity to TPOA and VDR polymorphism FokI were strongly associated with concurrence of T1D and TD. These data collaborate to understanding the joint susceptibility genes for TD in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Barreto Mory
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Monica Andrade Lima Gabbay
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Eloá R. Rocco
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Teresa Kasamatsu
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Felipe Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Walquíria Lopes Miranda
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
| | - Sérgio Atala Dib
- Endocrinology Division, São Paulo Federal University, Rua Botucatu, 740-Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP CEP 04034-970 Brazil
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Celiac disease (CD) is a small-intestinal inflammatory disease that is triggered by the ingestion of the storage proteins (gluten) of wheat, barley and rye. KEY MESSAGES Endocrine autoimmunity is prevalent in patients with CD and their relatives. The genes that predispose to endocrine autoimmune diseases, e.g. type 1 diabetes, autoimmune thyroid diseases, and Addison's disease, i.e. DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8, are also the major genetic determinants of CD, which is the best understood HLA-linked disease. Thus, up to 30% of first-degree relatives both of patients with CD and/or endocrine autoimmunity are affected by the other disease. In CD, certain gluten proteins bind with high affinity to HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 in the small-intestinal mucosa, to activate gluten-specific T cells which are instrumental in the destruction of the resorptive villi. Here, the autoantigen tissue transglutaminase increases the T cell response by generating deamidated gluten peptides that bind more strongly to DQ2 or DQ8. Classical symptoms such as diarrhea and consequences of malabsorption like anemia and osteoporosis are often absent in patients with (screening-detected) CD, but this absence does not significantly affect these patients' incidence of endocrine autoimmunity. Moreover, once autoimmunity is established, a gluten-free diet is not able to induce remission. However, ongoing studies attempt to address how far a gluten-free diet may prevent or retard the development of CD and endocrine autoimmunity in children at risk. CONCLUSIONS The close relationship between CD and endocrine autoimmunity warrants a broader immune genetic and endocrine screening of CD patients and their relatives.
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Hansen MP, Matheis N, Kahaly GJ. Type 1 diabetes and polyglandular autoimmune syndrome: A review. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:67-79. [PMID: 25685279 PMCID: PMC4317318 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder caused by inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic tissue. The etiopathogenesis and characteristics of the pathologic process of pancreatic destruction are well described. In addition, the putative susceptibility genes for T1D as a monoglandular disease and the relation to polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PAS) have also been well explored. The incidence of T1D has steadily increased in most parts of the world, especially in industrialized nations. T1D is frequently associated with autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine diseases and patients with T1D are at a higher risk for developing several glandular autoimmune diseases. Familial clustering is observed, which suggests that there is a genetic predisposition. Various hypotheses pertaining to viral- and bacterial-induced pancreatic autoimmunity have been proposed, however a definitive delineation of the autoimmune pathomechanism is still lacking. In patients with PAS, pancreatic and endocrine autoantigens either colocalize on one antigen-presenting cell or are expressed on two/various target cells sharing a common amino acid, which facilitates binding to and activation of T cells. The most prevalent PAS phenotype is the adult type 3 variant or PAS type III, which encompasses T1D and autoimmune thyroid disease. This review discusses the findings of recent studies showing noticeable differences in the genetic background and clinical phenotype of T1D either as an isolated autoimmune endocrinopathy or within the scope of polyglandular autoimmune syndrome.
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Ponto KA, Schuppan D, Zwiener I, Binder H, Mirshahi A, Diana T, Pitz S, Pfeiffer N, Kahaly GJ. Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is linked to gastrointestinal autoimmunity. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 178:57-64. [PMID: 24903731 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Common autoimmune disorders tend to co-exist in the same subjects and cluster in families. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of autoimmune co-morbidity in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with and without thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO). This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic tertiary referral centre. Of 1310 patients with AITD [n = 777 or 59% with Graves' disease (GD) and n = 533, 41% with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT)] followed at a specialized joint thyroid-eye out-patient clinic, 176 (13·4%) had an adult type of the autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, 129 (9·8%) type 1 diabetes, 111 (8·5%) coeliac disease, 60 (4·6%) type A autoimmune gastritis, 57 (4·4%) vitiligo and 25 (1·9%) Addison's disease. Coeliac disease and autoimmune gastritis were associated positively with GD [odds ratio (OR) = 2·18; P = 0·002 and OR = 6·52; P < 0·001], whereas type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease, autoimmune primary hypogonadism, alopecia areata, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome were 'protective' for GD and thus linked to HT, OR = 0·49 (P < 0·001), 0·06 (P < 0·001), 0·25 (P < 0·001), 0·50 (P = 0·090) and 0·32 (P = 0·003), respectively. Of 610 (46·6%) AITD patients with TAO, 584 (95·7%) and 26 (4·3%) had GD and HT, respectively (P < 0·001). TAO was most prevalent in GD patients with coeliac disease (94%, OR = 1·87, P < 0·001). Multivariate analysis showed high OR for coeliac disease and autoimmune gastritis (3·4 and 4·03, both P < 0·001) pertaining to the association with TAO while type 1 diabetes, Addison's disease and alopecia areata were protective for TAO. In patients with TAO, coeliac disease is the most prevalent co-morbid autoimmune condition and rates are increased compared to GD patients without TAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Ponto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; Center of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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Almasi S, Aliparasti MR, Yazdchi-Marandi L, Aliasgarzadeh A, Sioofy-Khojine A, Mesri A, Zamani F. Analysis of PTPN22 C1858T gene polymorphism in cases with type 1 diabetes of Azerbaijan, Northwest Iran. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:14-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Dong F, Yang G, Pan HW, Huang WH, Jing LP, Liang WK, Zhang N, Zhang BH, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhang LJ, Zhang SH, Li H, Chen C, Nie LH, Jing CX. The association of PTPN22 rs2476601 polymorphism and CTLA-4 rs231775 polymorphism with LADA risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2014; 51:691-703. [PMID: 25005490 PMCID: PMC4176954 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although the polymorphisms of PTPN22 and the variants of CTLA-4 have been reported to be the susceptibility genes, which increased risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), the results remained inconclusive. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms of two genes and LADA. We performed a systematic review by identifying relevant studies and applied meta-analysis to pool gene effects. Data from ten studies published between 2001 and 2013 were pooled for two polymorphisms: rs2476601 in the PTPN22 gene and rs231775 in the CTLA-4 gene. Data extraction and assessments for risk of bias were independently performed by two reviewers. Fixed-effect model and random-effect model were used to pool the odds ratios; meanwhile, heterogeneity test, publication bias and sensitive analysis were explored. The minor T allele at rs2476601 and the minor G at rs231775 carried estimated relative risks (odds ratio) of 1.52 (95 % CI 1.29-1.79) and 1.39 (95 % CI 1.11-1.74), respectively. These alleles contributed to an absolute lowering of the risk of all LADA by 4.88 and 14.93 % when individuals do not carry these alleles. The estimated lambdas were 0.49 and 0.63, suggesting a codominant model of effects was most likely for two genes. In summary, our systematic review has demonstrated that PTPN22 rs2476601 and CTLA-4 rs231775 are potential risk factors for LADA. An updated meta-analysis is required when more studies are published to increase the power of these polymorphisms and LADA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Wei Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Wei-Huang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Peng Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Wen-Kai Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Bao-Huan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Ju Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Si-Heng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - He Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
| | - Li-Hong Nie
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong China
| | - Chun-Xia Jing
- Department of Epidemiology, Medical School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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Bulut F, Erol D, Elyas H, Doğan H, Ozdemir FA, Keskin L. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor 22 Gene C1858T Polymorphism in Patients with Coexistent Type 2 Diabetes and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Balkan Med J 2014; 31:37-42. [PMID: 25207165 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) C1858T gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) separately. However, no study has been conducted to explore the C1858T polymorphism in T2DM and HT coexistent cases up to now. AIMS The study aimed to determine whether a relationship exists or not between the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and this coexistent patient group. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 135 T2DM patients, 102 patients with coexistent T2DM+HT, 71 HT patients and 135 healthy controls were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant tubes and genomic DNA was extracted. The PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were not observed between the patient and control groups. This study demonstrated a statistically significant association between both the CT genotype and the T allele in the female patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT (CT genotype: p=0.04; T allele: p=0.045) with a statistically significant association between the CT genotype and the mean values of body mass index (BMI) and free T3 levels (FT3) (BMI: p=0.044 and FT3: p=0.021) that was detected in the patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT. The minor genotype TT was observed in none of the groups in this study. The CT genotype frequency was [number (frequency): 5 (3.8%), 7 (6.86%), 5 (7.04%), 3 (2.22%), while the T allele frequency was 5 (1.86%), 7 (3.44%), 5 (3.53%) and 3 (1.12%)] in the T2DM, T2DM+HT, HT and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the PTPN22 1858T allele and the CT genotype are associated with increased risk in female patients for coexistent T2DM+HT. The CT genotype was associated with high mean BMI and free T3 values in the patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT. These results demonstrate that T allele carriers were more often in the T2DM+HT group than in the T2DM group. Therefore, the combination of T2DM and HT with female gender may have higher T allele carriage in comparison to the T2DM only and male groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Bulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Deniz Erol
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halit Elyas
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halil Doğan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Hayat Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Lezan Keskin
- Department of Endocrinology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
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IgG4 antibodies in autoimmune polyglandular disease and IgG4-related endocrinopathies: pathophysiology and clinical characteristics. Curr Opin Pediatr 2014; 26:493-9. [PMID: 24905103 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses the IgG4-related disease spectrum (IgG4-RD), the autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS), the association of IgG4 with APS, and possible pathobiology. RECENT FINDINGS IgG4-RD is a multiorgan autoimmune disorder characterized by fibrous inflammation, IgG4-positive plasma cell infiltration in affected tissues, and elevated serum concentrations of IgG4. IgG4-RD can affect any organ and has a heterogeneous presentation. Consensus criteria for diagnosis in specific organs have been established. The recognition and diagnosis of IgG4-RD are crucial because the disease responds favorably to immunosuppression (e.g., glucocorticoids, rituximab). The precise mechanisms leading to disease are unknown, but IgG4 antibodies may undergo a half antibody exchange, which renders them incapable of activating the complement pathway. SUMMARY Despite significant advances in disease recognition and treatment strategies, the disorder remains poorly understood. The precise role of IgG4, whether it is protective or pathogenic, is still being debated.
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Polymorphism of the NFKB1 affects the serum inflammatory levels of IL-6 in Hashimoto thyroiditis in a Turkish population. Immunobiology 2014; 219:531-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bottini N, Peterson EJ. Tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22: multifunctional regulator of immune signaling, development, and disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2013; 32:83-119. [PMID: 24364806 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inheritance of a coding variant of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene is associated with increased susceptibility to autoimmunity and infection. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms by which the PTPN22-C1858T variant modulates disease risk revealed that PTPN22 performs a signaling function in multiple biochemical pathways and cell types. Capable of both enzymatic activity and adaptor functions, PTPN22 modulates signaling through antigen and innate immune receptors. PTPN22 plays roles in lymphocyte development and activation, establishment of tolerance, and innate immune cell-mediated host defense and immunoregulation. The disease-associated PTPN22-R620W variant protein is likely involved in multiple stages of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Establishment of a tolerant B cell repertoire is disrupted by PTPN22-R620W action during immature B cell selection, and PTPN22-R620W alters mature T cell responsiveness. However, after autoimmune attack has initiated tissue injury, PTPN22-R620W may foster inflammation through modulating the balance of myeloid cell-produced cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Bottini
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037;
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Alkhateeb A, Marzouka NAD, Tashtoush R. Variants in PTPN22 and SMOC2 genes and the risk of thyroid disease in the Jordanian Arab population. Endocrine 2013; 44:702-9. [PMID: 23463390 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-9908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) (Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease) are complex polygenic disorders with multiple genes thought to contribute to the risk of disease. The contribution of these genes differs by different populations. The PTPN22 gene is reported to be associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, but results of association are conflicting in different populations. The SMOC2 gene is reported to be associated with families with autoimmune vitiligo that had other autoimmunities including thyroid disease. The study aims to investigate the association of PTPN22 and SMOC2 single nucleotide polymorphisms with thyroid disease in a cohort of Jordanian patients. We collected blood samples from 204 thyroid patients and 216 normal controls. We used PCR-RFLP to genotype rs2476601 in PTPN22 and rs13208776 in SMOC2 genes. Both of the SNPS did not show significant association with thyroid disease, even after stratification according to subtype of disease (Hashimoto thyroiditis and Graves' disease) or gender. We reanalyzed SMOC2 SNP using a dominant and recessive models and we got marginal significance when using a dominant model with female-only patients (P = 0.052). PTPN22 SNP did not show association with autoimmune thyroid disease in our patient cohort. This may be due to the low frequency of this SNP in the Jordanian population. SMOC2 SNP, on the other hand, may play a role in AITD susceptibility as a dominant polymorphism. Additional samples might be needed to confirm or exclude association of SMOC2 with AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asem Alkhateeb
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan,
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Fousteri G, Liossis SNC, Battaglia M. Roles of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in immunity and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:556-65. [PMID: 24269925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PTPN22 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase expressed by the majority of cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune systems. Polymorphisms in PTPN22 are associated with several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. This review discusses the role of PTPN22 in T and B cells, and its function in innate immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells and NK cells. We focus particularly on the complexity that underlies the function of PTPN22 in the biological processes of the immune system; such complexity has led various research groups to produce rather conflicting data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fousteri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Diabetes Research Institute, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy.
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Chen Z, Zhang H, Xia B, Wang P, Jiang T, Song M, Wu J. Association of PTPN22 gene (rs2488457) polymorphism with ulcerative colitis and high levels of PTPN22 mRNA in ulcerative colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2013; 28:1351-8. [PMID: 23456301 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-013-1671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our aims were to evaluate protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene polymorphisms in ulcerative colitis (UC) and explore PTPN22 mRNA levels in colonic biopsies of UC patients in central China. METHODS A total of 165 Chinese UC patients and 300 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. PTPN22 -1123G/C, +1858C/T, and +788G/A polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. PTPN22 mRNA expressions in colonic biopsies and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were determined by quantitative PCR and immunonephelometry, respectively. RESULTS The frequency of C carrier was higher in UC patients than in healthy controls (66.7 vs. 53.3%, P = 0.005, odds ratios = 1.75, 95% CI 1.18-2.60) and associated with extensive colitis (P = 0.029). PTPN22 mRNA levels were elevated in UC patients than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). Among UC patients, PTPN22 mRNA expression levels were higher in biopsies of inflamed colonic tissue compared with noninflamed tissue (P < 0.001) and were correlated with CRP levels (r = 0.578, P < 0.001). PTPN22 mRNA expression levels were elevated in extensive colitis compared to proctitis (P = 0.008) and to left-sided colitis (P = 0.029) and were higher in moderate and severe disease than in mild disease (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed the potential association between PTPN22 -1123G/C polymorphism and UC in central China. PTPN22 mRNA levels were highly expressed in UC, especially in active disease, and were correlated with CRP levels, disease location, and disease severity in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Central Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Sheng Li Street 26, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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The role of PTPN22 C1858T gene polymorphism in diabetes mellitus type 1: first evaluation in Greek children and adolescents. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:721604. [PMID: 23936838 PMCID: PMC3727122 DOI: 10.1155/2013/721604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune multifactorial disease. Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes lymphoid-specific tyrosine phosphatase (Lyp), an inhibitor of T cell activation. PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was associated with T1DM in populations of Caucasian origin. The aim of this study was the investigation for the first time of the association of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism with T1DM in Greek population. We studied 130 children and adolescents with T1DM and 135 healthy individuals of Greek origin. The polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. C1858T and T1858T genotypes as well as 1858T allele were found more frequently in patients (10.8% and 5.8%, resp.) than in healthy individuals (5.9% and 3.0%, resp.) but at non statistically significant level. There was no statistically significant association found with gender, age at diagnosis, severity of onset, history of Hashimoto thyroiditis or family history of T1DM. Increased frequency of 1858T allele in patients than in controls, implying a probable association, agrees with results of similar studies on other populations. The inability to find a statistically significant difference is probably due to the decreased frequency of minor allele in Greek population, indicating the need for a larger sample.
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Capasso F, Rapini N, Di Matteo G, Testi M, Arcano S, Lidano R, Petrelli A, Rossi P, Piccinini S, Manca Bitti ML, Angelini F. A variable degree of autoimmunity in the pedigree of a patient with type 1 diabetes homozygous for the PTPN22 1858T variant. Pediatr Diabetes 2013; 14:304-10. [PMID: 22809281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2012.00891.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is associated with the autoimmune conditions present in the family of a child affected by type 1 diabetes (T1D) carrying the TT genotype (index patient) and the potential immunological effect of the variant. We found that nine family members carried the CT genotype and five suffered from autoimmunity. Interestingly, anti-ZnT8 antibodies were detected in T1D patients and in three healthy relatives. In the TT patient, we showed diminished T-cell proliferation and reduced interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production. A marked reduction of IL-2 was also observed for all CT relatives with autoimmunity and a lack of IFN-γ production was observed for the younger brother of the index patient, heterozygous for the polymorphism. In this family, the C1858T variant might confer a high risk of autoimmunity. Moreover, our data confirm that impaired IL-2 production upon T-cell receptor stimulation is associated with autoimmunity in the carriers of the polymorphism. This study might prompt to extend the panel of risk markers in relatives of subjects affected by T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Capasso
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Public Health and Cell Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
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Jabrocka-Hybel A, Skalniak A, Piątkowski J, Pach D, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A. How Far Are We from Understanding the Genetic Basis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis? Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:337-54. [DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2012.755175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wang XF, Chen ZX, Shao YC, Ma YS, Zhang F, Zhang L, Fu D, Xia Q. Population-based and family-based studies on the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 gene polymorphism and type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 517:191-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xuan C, Lun LM, Zhao JX, Wang HW, Zhu BZ, Yu S, Liu Z, He GW. PTPN22 gene polymorphism (C1858T) is associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of 19,495 cases and 25,341 controls. Ann Hum Genet 2013; 77:191-203. [PMID: 23438410 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 (PTPN22) gene C1858T polymorphism has been reported to be associated with susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) in relatively small sample sizes. This study aimed at investigating the pooled association by carrying out a meta-analysis on the published studies. The Medline, EBSCO, and BIOSIS databases were searched to identify eligible studies published in English before June 2012. The association was assessed by odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The presence of heterogeneity and publication bias was explored by using meta-regression analysis and Begg's test, respectively. A total of 28 studies were involved in this meta-analysis. Across all populations, significant associations were found between the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and susceptibility to T1D under genotypic (TT vs. CC [OR = 3.656, 95% CI: 3.139-4.257], CT vs. CC [OR = 1.968, 95% CI: 1.683-2.300]), recessive (OR = 3.147, 95% CI: 2.704-3.663), and dominant models (OR = 1.957, 95% CI: 1.817-2.108). In ethnicity- and sex-stratified analyses, similar associations were found among Caucasians and within Caucasian male and female strata. The meta-analysis results suggest that the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was associated with susceptibility to T1D among the Caucasian population, and males who carried the -1858T allele were more susceptible to T1D than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266101, P.R China
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Meta-analysis reveals an association of PTPN22 C1858T with autoimmune diseases, which depends on the localization of the affected tissue. Genes Immun 2012; 13:641-52. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2012.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tang S, Peng W, Wang C, Tang H, Zhang Q. Association of the PTPN22 gene (+1858C/T, -1123G/C) polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 97:446-52. [PMID: 22572103 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the association of PTPN22 gene (+1858C/T -1123G/C) polymorphism with T1DM susceptibility. METHODS Electronic databases were used to identify published studies before September 2011. We adopted the most appropriate genetic model. The combined odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to estimate the strength of the association in a fixed or random effect model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. RESULTS Totally, 25 case-control studies including 8613 T1DM cases and 10,133 healthy controls (24 studies containing 8129 cases and 9641 controls for PTPN22 +1858C/T, 5 studies including 1460 cases and 1609 controls for PTPN22 -1123G/C) were identified as eligible and analyzed. The most appropriate co-dominant model was adopted. A significant association of PTPN22 +1858C/T gene polymorphism was found in overall population. When stratified by race, significance was observed in Europe and America, but not in Asia. We did not detect any association for PTPN22 -1123G/C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that T1DM is associated with PTPN22 +1858C/T gene polymorphism, and targeting this promoter polymorphism should be dependent on ethnicity. Whether -1123G/C polymorphism is a susceptibility locus for T1DM, further studies with well-designed among different ethnicity populations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Clinical Characteristics and PTPN22 1858C/T Variant Analysis in Jordanian Arab Vitiligo Patients. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 14:179-84. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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50
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Liu F, Liu J, Zheng TS, Li Q, Wang C, Pan XP, Lu H, Zhao YW. The -1123G>C variant of PTPN22 gene promoter is associated with latent autoimmune diabetes in adult Chinese Hans. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62:273-9. [PMID: 21956362 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22) gene encodes for lymphoid protein tyrosine phosphatase. Recent studies demonstrated the association between the +1858T, -1123G>C variants of PTPN22 gene and type 1 diabetes mellitus in Caucasian and Japanese populations. This study examined the relationship between the polymorphism of PTPN22 gene and latent autoimmune 1 diabetes in adults (LADA) in Chinese Hans. We studied 229 adult Chinese patients with LADA (LADA group) and 210 healthy volunteers (control group). The -1123G>C and +1858C>T polymorphisms of PTPN22 gene were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Further, genotypic/allelic frequencies and clinical characteristics were compared between two groups. There was a significant difference of frequencies of the -1123G>C polymorphism between LADA and control groups (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.24-3.2; P = 0.001). However, no significant differences in the +1858C>T genotypic (CC, CT) and allelic (C, T) frequencies were found. Furthermore, the frequencies of the -1123 GC, CC genotype in male patients with LADA were significantly higher compared with male healthy volunteers (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.21-2.26; P = 0.005). The analysis of covariance demonstrated no difference between glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, duration of diabetes, C-peptide, and GAD-Ab titer between the group carrying GC/CC and the group without allele C. In conclusion, the -1123G>C promoter polymorphism of PTPN22 gene, but not the +1858C>T variant, is associated with LADA in adult Chinese Hans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Institute for Diabetes, Shanghai 200233, China
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