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Pozdniakova NV, Lipengolts AA, Skribitsky VA, Shpakova KE, Finogenova YA, Smirnova AV, Shevelev AB, Grigorieva EY. Transplanted Murine Tumours SPECT Imaging with 99mTc Delivered with an Artificial Recombinant Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10197. [PMID: 39337680 PMCID: PMC11432708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251810197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
99mTc is a well-known radionuclide that is widely used and readily available for SPECT/CT (Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography) diagnosis. However, commercial isotope carriers are not specific enough to tumours, rapidly clear from the bloodstream, and are not safe. To overcome these limitations, we suggest immunologically compatible recombinant proteins containing a combination of metal binding sites as 99mTc chelators and several different tumour-specific ligands for early detection of tumours. E1b protein containing metal-binding centres and tumour-specific ligands targeting integrin αvβ3 and nucleolin, as well as a short Cys-rich sequence, was artificially constructed. It was produced in E. coli, purified by metal-chelate chromatography, and used to obtain a complex with 99mTc. This was administered intravenously to healthy Balb/C mice at an activity dose of about 80 MBq per mouse, and the biodistribution was studied by SPECT/CT for 24 h. Free sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate at the same dose was used as a reference. The selectivity of 99mTc-E1b and the kinetics of isotope retention in tumours were then investigated in experiments in C57Bl/6 and Balb/C mice with subcutaneously transplanted lung carcinoma (LLC) or mammary adenocarcinoma (Ca755, EMT6, or 4T1). The radionuclide distribution ratio in tumour and adjacent normal tissue (T/N) steadily increased over 24 h, reaching 15.7 ± 4.2 for EMT6, 16.5 ± 3.8 for Ca755, 6.7 ± 4.2 for LLC, and 7.5 ± 3.1 for 4T1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Pozdniakova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina Street, 3, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey A. Lipengolts
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod A. Skribitsky
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina E. Shpakova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
- Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe Shosse, 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Finogenova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
| | - Anna V. Smirnova
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
| | - Alexei B. Shevelev
- N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Gubkina Street, 3, GSP-1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena Y. Grigorieva
- N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of the Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation (N.N. Blokhin NMRCO), Kashirskoe Shosse, 23, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (V.A.S.); (K.E.S.); (Y.A.F.); (A.V.S.); (E.Y.G.)
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Bentivoglio V, Galli F, Varani M, Ranieri D, Nayak P, D’Elia A, Soluri A, Massari R, Lauri C, Signore A. Radiolabelled FGF-2 for Imaging Activated Fibroblasts in the Tumor Micro-Environment. Biomolecules 2024; 14:491. [PMID: 38672507 PMCID: PMC11047989 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated fibroblasts (TAFs) play a key role in tumor growth and metastatization. TAFs overexpress different biomarkers that are usually expressed at low levels in physiological conditions. Among them are the fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) that bind the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). In particular, the overexpression of FGFR-2c in tumors has been associated with advanced clinical stages and increased metastatization. Here, we developed a non-invasive tool to evaluate, in vivo, the expression of FGFR-2c in metastatic cancer. This is based on 99mTc-labelled FGF-2. METHODS 99mTc-FGF-2 was tested in vitro and in vivo in mice bearing allografts of sarcoma cells. Images of 99mTc-FGF-2 were acquired using a new portable high-resolution ultra-sensitive gamma camera for small animal imaging. RESULTS FGF-2 was labeled with high specific activity but low labelling efficiency, thus requiring post-labeling purification by gel-filtration chromatography. In vitro binding to 2C human keratinocytes showed a Kd of 3.36 × 10-9 M. In mice bearing J774A.1 cell allografts, we observed high and rapid tumor uptake of 99mTc-FGF-2 with a high Tumor/Blood ratio at 24 h post-injection (26.1 %ID/g and 12.9 %ID) with low kidney activity and moderate liver activity. CONCLUSIONS we labeled FGF-2 with 99mTc and showed nanomolar Kd in vitro with human keratinocytes expressing FGF-2 receptors. In mice, 99mTc-FGF-2 rapidly and efficiently accumulated in tumors expressing FGF-2 receptors. This new radiopharmaceutical could be used in humans to image TAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bentivoglio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Filippo Galli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Michela Varani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Danilo Ranieri
- Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions, University “Link Campus University”, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pallavi Nayak
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Annunziata D’Elia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Andrea Soluri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
- Unit of Molecular Neurosciences, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Massari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy; (V.B.); (M.V.); (P.N.); (C.L.)
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Uritu CM, Al-Matarneh CM, Bostiog DI, Coroaba A, Ghizdovat V, Filipiuc SI, Simionescu N, Stefanescu C, Jalloul W, Nastasa V, Tamba BI, Maier SS, Pinteala M. Radiolabeled multi-layered coated gold nanoparticles as potential biocompatible PET/SPECT tracers. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3659-3675. [PMID: 38530751 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02654j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The demand for tailored, disease-adapted, and easily accessible radiopharmaceuticals is one of the most persistent challenges in nuclear imaging precision medicine. The aim of this work was to develop two multimodal radiotracers applicable for both SPECT and PET techniques, which consist of a gold nanoparticle core, a shell involved in radioisotope entrapment, peripherally placed targeting molecules, and biocompatibilizing polymeric sequences. Shell decoration with glucosamine units located in sterically hindered molecular environments is expected to result in nanoparticle accumulation in high-glucose-consuming areas. Gold cores were synthesized using the Turkevich method, followed by citrate substitution with linear PEG α,ω-functionalized with thiol and amine groups. The free amine groups facilitated the binding of branched polyethyleneimine through an epoxy ring-opening reaction by using PEG α,ω-diglycidyl ether as a linker. Afterwards, the glucose-PEG-epoxy prepolymer has been grafted onto the surface of AuPEG-PEI conjugates. Finally, the AuPEG-PEI-GA conjugates were radiolabeled with 99mTc or 68Ga. Instant thin-layer chromatography was used to evaluate the radiolabeling yield. The biocompatibility of non-labeled and 99mTc or 68Ga labeled nanoparticles was assessed on normal fibroblasts. The 99mTc complexes remained stable for over 22 hours, while the 68Ga containing ones revealed a slight decrease in stability after 1 hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Uritu
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine "Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu", "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cristina M Al-Matarneh
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Denisse I Bostiog
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Adina Coroaba
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Vlad Ghizdovat
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Nuclear medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Silviu I Filipiuc
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine "Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu", "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Natalia Simionescu
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Nuclear medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Wael Jalloul
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Nuclear medicine, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Valentin Nastasa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Science, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Bogdan I Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine "Prof. Ostin C. Mungiu", "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Stelian S Maier
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
- Polymers Research Center, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Pinteala
- Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania.
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Skourti E, Volpe A, Lang C, Johnson P, Panagaki F, Fruhwirth GO. Spatiotemporal quantitative microRNA-155 imaging reports immune-mediated changes in a triple-negative breast cancer model. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180233. [PMID: 37359535 PMCID: PMC10285160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs and represent key players in physiology and disease. Aberrant microRNA expression is central to the development and progression of cancer, with various microRNAs proposed as potential cancer biomarkers and drug targets. There is a need to better understand dynamic microRNA expression changes as cancers progress and their tumor microenvironments evolve. Therefore, spatiotemporal and non-invasive in vivo microRNA quantification in tumor models would be highly beneficial. Methods We developed an in vivo microRNA detector platform in which the obtained signals are positively correlated to microRNA presence, and which permitted stable expression in cancer cells as needed for long-term experimentation in tumor biology. It exploits a radionuclide-fluorescence dual-reporter for quantitative in vivo imaging of a microRNA of choice by radionuclide tomography and fluorescence-based downstream ex vivo tissue analyses. We generated and characterized breast cancer cells stably expressing various microRNA detectors and validated them in vitro. Results We found the microRNA detector platform to report on microRNA presence in cells specifically and accurately, which was independently confirmed by real-time PCR and through microRNA modulation. Moreover, we established various breast tumor models in animals with different levels of residual immune systems and observed microRNA detector read-outs by imaging. Applying the detector platform to the progression of a triple-negative breast cancer model, we found that miR-155 upregulation in corresponding tumors was dependent on macrophage presence in tumors, revealing immune-mediated phenotypic changes in these tumors as they progressed. Conclusion While applied to immunooncology in this work, this multimodal in vivo microRNA detector platform will be useful whenever non-invasive quantification of spatiotemporal microRNA changes in living animals is of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Skourti
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Volpe
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Lang
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Preeth Johnson
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fani Panagaki
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Imaging Therapies and Cancer Group, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Han YH, Jeong HJ, Kang HG, Lim ST. Incidental accumulation of Technetium-99m pertechnetate in subacute cerebral infarction: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:8400-8405. [PMID: 36159510 PMCID: PMC9403665 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i23.8400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When interpreting nuclear medicine images, unexpected findings are sometimes encountered. Recognizing these findings and determining the mechanism of their occurrence could have a significant impact on early diagnosis of critical diseases and the appropriate management of patients.
CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room due to left hemiparesis, left hemifacial palsy, and mild dysarthria. After 2 wk of hospitalization, the patient complained of dry eyes and mouth. Thus, salivary scintigraphy was performed to evaluate the functional status of his salivary glands. Incidental accumulation in the right frontoparietal area was found on salivary scintigraphy. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery phase magnetic resonance (FLAIR phase MR) image showed diffuse high signal intensity in the same area. Anterior and posterior horns of the right lateral ventricle were obliterated and the midline was slightly shifted to the left side due to right frontoparietal swelling. On salivary scintigraphy, Tc-99m pertechnetate was incidentally accumulated in a subacute cerebral infarction lesion. Two years after the diagnosis of acute infarction, the second series of salivary scintigraphy showed no abnormal activity in the brain. FLAIR phase MR image also demonstrated markedly decreased high signal intensity in the previous infarction lesion without evidence of swelling indicating chronic cerebral infarction.
CONCLUSION This case highlights that Tc-99m pertechnetate could accumulate in a subacute cerebral infarction lesion. The mechanism of an unexpected uptake of Tc-99m pertechnetate in unusual sites should be evaluated and kept in mind for better interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jounbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hwan-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jounbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyun Goo Kang
- Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Seok Tae Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jounbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Jeonbuk, South Korea
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Lipomics: A Potential Carrier for the Intravenous Delivery of Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081651. [PMID: 36015277 PMCID: PMC9412689 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we propose the development of a novel carrier that does not need organic solvents for its preparation and with the potential for the intravenous delivery of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Named lipomics, this is a mixed colloid of micelles incorporated within a liposome. This system was designed through ternary diagrams and characterized by physicochemical techniques to determine the particle size, zeta potential, shape, morphology, and stability properties. The lipomics were subjected to electron microscopy (SEM, TEM, and STEM) to evaluate their physical size and morphology. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies were performed by radiolabeling the lipomics with Technetium-99m chelated with BMEDA to evaluate the in vivo biodistribution through techniques of molecular imaging (microSPECT/CT) in rats. Radiolabeling efficiency was used to compare the encapsulation efficiency of the hydrophilic and lipophilic molecules in lipomics and liposomes. According to the results, lipomics are potentially carriers of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs.
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Pulmonary perfusion imaging and delayed imaging to measure pulmonary capillary permeability in pulmonary contusion. Nucl Med Commun 2022; 43:687-693. [PMID: 35437294 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Explore the application value of pulmonary perfusion imaging and delayed imaging for evaluating pulmonary capillary permeability. MATERIALS AND METHODS After establishing a rat model of pulmonary contusion, changes in the metabolic index of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (99mTC-MAA) in the lungs of model rats were evaluated for two consecutive days. 99mTC-MAA metabolic indices of rat lungs with pulmonary contusion of varying severity (mild, moderate, and severe) were correlated with lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) and Evans blue extravasation. Finally, the method was validated in patients with pulmonary contusion and one healthy volunteer. RESULTS The 99mTC-MAA metabolic index was 23.56% ± 2.44% in healthy control (HC) rat lung, 8.56% ± 3.42% immediately after lung contusion (d0), 8.35% ± 3.20% after 1 day (d1), and 17.45% ± 6.44% after 2 days (d2); indices at d0 and d1 were significantly higher than those at HC (P < 0.05). The metabolic index of 99mTC-MAA in lung had significant negative correlations with W/D (r = -0.8025; P = 0.0092) and Evans blue extravasation (r = -0.9356; P = 0.0002). Metabolic and oxygenation indices of 99mTC-MAA exhibited a significant positive linear correlation in patients with pulmonary contusion (r = 0.8925; P = 0.0416). CONCLUSION Pulmonary perfusion and delayed imaging of 99mTC-MAA have potential value for evaluating pulmonary capillary permeability.
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Schanaider A, Barboza T, Vasconcellos M, Gutfilen-Schlesinger G, de Souza SAL. Rat thyroid graft transplantation after cryopreservation with scintigraphic standardization for an experimental study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2022; 77:100065. [PMID: 35767899 PMCID: PMC9253157 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Budget cuts among other factors undermine the use of state-of-the-art equipment by many research groups. This doesn't mean that their scientific data are not reliable or top-notch. Resort to adaptations is a recurrent need in their reality. The aim of this study was to assess whether scintigraphy with 99mTcO4 is effective in evaluating the functionality of thyroid grafts after cryopreservation in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Control Group (CG), without surgical procedure, Hypothyroidism Group (HTG), submitted to total thyroidectomy, and Transplanted Group (TG), with total thyroidectomy and cryopreservation of the thyroid gland for 7 days followed by grafting of a thyroid lobe. A protocol using a gamma camera imaging was conducted fourteen weeks after transplantation, and the whole body 99mTc, focusing on the topic of heterotopic thyroid uptake was evaluated. RESULTS The images acquired had good quality with no noise and artifacts that could jeopardize its analysis. On the 14th day, HTG displayed no thyroid uptake, and the TG had a clear uptake of the thyroid graft in the topography of the biceps femoris muscle. Presented data also showed that both equipment spatial resolution and alignment (4.375 mm) did not interfere with the physiological uptake of 99mTc by the thyroid graft. CONCLUSION The viability and functionality of cryopreserved thyroid autotransplantation in rats who underwent total thyroidectomy were successfully accessed by the scintigraphy protocol developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Schanaider
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcel Vasconcellos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Cirúrgicas, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gutfilen-Schlesinger
- Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Synthesis and Biodistribution of 99mTc-Labeled PLGA Nanoparticles by Microfluidic Technique. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111769. [PMID: 34834184 PMCID: PMC8621482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of present study was to develop radiolabeled NPs to overcome the limitations of fluorescence with theranostic potential. Synthesis of PLGA-NPs loaded with technetium-99m was based on a Dean-Vortex-Bifurcation Mixer (DVBM) using an innovative microfluidic technique with high batch-to-batch reproducibility and tailored-made size of NPs. Eighteen different formulations were tested and characterized for particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, labeling efficiency, and in vitro stability. Overall, physical characterization by dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed an increase in particle size after radiolabeling probably due to the incorporation of the isotope into the PLGA-NPs shell. NPs of 60 nm (obtained by 5:1 PVA:PLGA ratio and 15 mL/min TFR with 99mTc included in PVA) had high labeling efficiency (94.20 ± 5.83%) and >80% stability after 24 h and showed optimal biodistribution in BALB/c mice. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of radiolabeling NPs with 99mTc using the microfluidics and provide best formulation for tumor targeting studies.
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Shimizu Y, Ando M, Iikuni S, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of a hydroxamamide-based bifunctional chelating agent to prepare technetium-99m-labeled bivalent ligand probes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18714. [PMID: 34548586 PMCID: PMC8455562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxamamide (Ham) is a thiol-free chelating agent that forms technetium-99m (99mTc)-complexes with a metal-to-ligand ratio of 1:2 under moderate reaction conditions. Therefore, Ham-based chelating agents will produce 99mTc-labeled compounds with a bivalent targeting scaffold. For their universal usage, we developed a novel Ham-based bifunctional chelating agent, “Ham-Mal”, with a maleimide group that can easily conjugate with a thiol group, for to preparing 99mTc-labeled bivalent ligand probes. Ham-Mal was synthesized by a four-step reaction, and then reacted with cysteine or c(RGDfC) to produce Ham-Cys or Ham-RGD. These precursors were reacted with 99mTcO4- for 10 min under room temperature to obtain 99mTc-(Ham-Cys)2 and 99mTc -(Ham-RGD)2. The cellular uptake level of 99mTc-(Ham-RGD)2 by U87MG (high Integrin ɑvβ3 expression) cells was significantly higher than that by PC3 (low Integrin ɑvβ3 expression) cells at 60 min after the incubation, and the uptake was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment for 15 min with excess c(RGDfK) peptide. In the in vivo study with U87MG/PC3 dual xenografted BALB/c-nu mice, the radioactivity of U87MG tumor tissue was significantly higher than that of PC3 tumor tissue at 360 min after the administration of 99mTc-(Ham-RGD)2. These results suggest Ham-Mal may have potential as a bifunctional chelating agent for 99mTc-labeled bivalent ligand probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shimizu
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Masato Ando
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shimpei Iikuni
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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Han YH, Jeong HJ, Kim EM, Boud F, Lim ST, Lee SY, Sohn MH. Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on the Biodistribution and Excretion of Technetium-99m Radiopharmaceuticals in Rat: A Potential Image Quality Enhancer. Yonsei Med J 2021; 62:555-562. [PMID: 34027643 PMCID: PMC8149933 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2021.62.6.555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the biodistribution and excretion of technetium-99m (Tc-99m)-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Tc-99m hydroxy-methylene-diphosphonate (HDP), Tc-99m pertechnetate, and Tc-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) were injected via the tail vein of rats. After 30 min, the control group was administered saline, and the UDCA group was given UDCA orally. Scintigraphy images were acquired after 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Radioactivity and rate of change were compared. Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG₃) imaging was also performed. RESULTS In image analysis of Tc-99m HDP, radioactivity of the buttock was lower in the UDCA group at 4 h. Rates of change in the buttock were significantly different at 3 h-30 min and 4 h-30 min, and buttock radioactivity in the UDCA group had decreased more. In analysis of Tc-99m pertechnetate, radioactivity of the buttock was higher in the control group. Rates of change in the thyroid gland and buttock were different at 1 h-30 min, 3 h-30 min, and 4 h-30 min, with radioactivity in the UDCA group decreasing more. In the analysis of Tc-99m DMSA, while the radioactivity of the kidneys in the control group showed little decrease at 1 h-30 min, that in the UDCA group increased. In the analysis of Tc-99m MAG₃ images, radioactivity and radioactivity/total body radioactivity (TBA) values for the kidneys were higher in the UDCA group at 2 min. At 5 and 10 min, radioactivity/TBA values for soft tissue in the UDCA group were lower than those in the control group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that administration of UDCA increases renal excretion and soft tissue clearance of radiopharmaceuticals. This investigation could contribute to the broadening of applications of UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Hee Han
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hwan Jeong Jeong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Fatima Boud
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Seok Tae Lim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung Hee Sohn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Dong H, Feng Y, Raguthu C, Liang X, Liu C, Zhang Z, Yao X. The protective effect of iodide intake adjustment and 1,25(OH) 2D 3 supplementation in rat offspring following excess iodide intake. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958295. [PMID: 35154633 PMCID: PMC8832296 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of iodide intake adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, on the thyroid gland of rat offspring. METHODS The offspring of female rats administered 100 times the normal dose of iodide (100 HI; 750 μg/d) during pregnancy and lactation were divided into four different treatment groups. They were either having their iodide intake adjusted from 100 HI to normal iodide intake (7.5 μg/day) or supplemented with 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3; 5 μg·kg-1·day-1], or both, for 4 weeks. Thyroid sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) uptake percentages were measured using single-photon emission computed tomography, while serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and vitamin D3 (VD3) were monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression of interleukin (IL)-17A, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-10 in the thyroid gland was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while the protein expression of thyroid-hormone-receptor α1 (TRα1) and thyroid-hormone-receptor β1 (TRβ1) in the thyroid gland was detected using Western blotting. Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunofluorescence staining were also used to assess thyroid follicular structure and lymphocytic infiltration in the thyroid glands. RESULTS The immunofluorescence staining showed CD4+ co-localized with TRβ1 or the vitamin D receptor in thyroid gland cells of rats that were continuously treated with 100 HI. Following iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, an increase in serum levels of FT3, free thyroxine, and VD3, protein expression of TRα1 and TRβ1 in the thyroid gland cells, and Na99mTcO4 thyroid uptake percentages was observed. The mRNA expression levels of IL-17A and IFN-γ, decreased, while the mRNA expression levels of IL-10 increased in the thyroid cells of each treatment group, except the group with continuous 100 HI intake. CONCLUSION Iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both may increase the serum levels of FT3, FT4, and VD3, as well as the protein expression levels of TRα1 and TRβ1, in thyroid cells. In addition, iodide adjustment, 1,25(OH)2D3 supplementation, or both, may potentially reverse the imbalance in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, IFN-γ, and IL-10) caused by 100 HI, which may be beneficial in improving Na99mTcO4 thyroid uptake percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanni Feng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ciri Raguthu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology,
Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zuncheng Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second
Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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14
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Man F, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Nuclear imaging of liposomal drug delivery systems: A critical review of radiolabelling methods and applications in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 143:134-160. [PMID: 31170428 PMCID: PMC6866902 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The integration of nuclear imaging with nanomedicine is a powerful tool for efficient development and clinical translation of liposomal drug delivery systems. Furthermore, it may allow highly efficient imaging-guided personalised treatments. In this article, we critically review methods available for radiolabelling liposomes. We discuss the influence that the radiolabelling methods can have on their biodistribution and highlight the often-overlooked possibility of misinterpretation of results due to decomposition in vivo. We stress the need for knowing the biodistribution/pharmacokinetics of both the radiolabelled liposomal components and free radionuclides in order to confidently evaluate the images, as they often share excretion pathways with intact liposomes (e.g. phospholipids, metallic radionuclides) and even show significant tumour uptake by themselves (e.g. some radionuclides). Finally, we describe preclinical and clinical studies using radiolabelled liposomes and discuss their impact in supporting liposomal drug development and clinical translation in several diseases, including personalised nanomedicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
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15
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Warnders FJ, Lub-de Hooge MN, de Vries EGE, Kosterink JGW. Influence of protein properties and protein modification on biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody derivatives, and non-Ig scaffolds. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1837-1873. [PMID: 29635825 DOI: 10.1002/med.21498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Newly developed protein drugs that target tumor-associated antigens are often modified in order to increase their therapeutic effect, tumor exposure, and safety profile. During the development of protein drugs, molecular imaging is increasingly used to provide additional information on their in vivo behavior. As a result, there are increasing numbers of studies that demonstrate the effect of protein modification on whole body distribution and tumor uptake of protein drugs. However, much still remains unclear about how to interpret obtained biodistribution data correctly. Consequently, there is a need for more insight in the correct way of interpreting preclinical and clinical imaging data. Summarizing the knowledge gained to date may facilitate this interpretation. This review therefore provides an overview of specific protein properties and modifications that can affect biodistribution and tumor uptake of anticancer antibodies, antibody fragments, and nonimmunoglobulin scaffolds. Protein properties that are discussed in this review are molecular size, target interaction, FcRn binding, and charge. Protein modifications that are discussed are radiolabeling, fluorescent labeling drug conjugation, glycosylation, humanization, albumin binding, and polyethylene glycolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank-Jan Warnders
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth G E de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos G W Kosterink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology & Economy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Vassaux G, Zwarthoed C, Signetti L, Guglielmi J, Compin C, Guigonis JM, Juhel T, Humbert O, Benisvy D, Pourcher T, Cambien B. Iodinated Contrast Agents Perturb Iodide Uptake by the Thyroid Independently of Free Iodide. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:121-126. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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17
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Zwarthoed C, Chatti K, Guglielmi J, Hichri M, Compin C, Darcourt J, Vassaux G, Benisvy D, Pourcher T, Cambien B. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for Preclinical Assessment of Thyroid Radioiodide Uptake Following Various Combinations of Preparative Measures. Thyroid 2016; 26:1614-1622. [PMID: 27349131 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroSPECT/CT imaging was used to quantitatively evaluate how iodide uptake in the mouse thyroid is influenced by (i) route of iodine administration; (ii) injection of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH); and (iii) low iodide diet (LID) in euthyroid and triiodothyronine (T3)-treated mice. METHODS Pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) and 123I thyroid uptake in euthyroid and T3-treated animals fed either a normal-iodine diet (NID) or an LID, treated or not with rhTSH, and radiotracer administered intravenously, subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or by gavage, were assessed using microSPECT/CT imaging. Western blotting was performed to measure sodium/iodide symporter expression levels in the thyroid. RESULTS Systemic administration of radioiodide resulted in a higher (2.35-fold in NID mice) accumulation of iodide in the thyroid than oral administration. Mice fed LID with systemic radioiodide administration showed a further two-fold increase in thyroid iodide uptake to yield a ∼5-fold increase in uptake compared to the standard NID/oral route. Although rhTSH injections stimulated thyroid activity in both euthyroid and T3-treated mice fed the NID, uptake levels for T3-treated mice remained low compared with those for the euthyroid mice. Combining LID and rhTSH in T3-treated mice resulted in a 2.8-fold higher uptake compared with NID/T3/rhTSH mice and helped restore thyroid activity to levels equivalent to those of euthyroid animals. CONCLUSIONS Systemic radioiodide administration results in higher thyroidal iodide levels than oral administration, particularly in LID-fed mice. These data highlight the importance of LID, both in euthyroid and T3-treated, rhTSH-injected mice. Extrapolated to human patients, and in the context of clinical guidelines for the preparation of differentiated thyroid cancer patients, our data indicate that LID can potentiate the efficacy of rhTSH treatment in T3-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Zwarthoed
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine Lacassagne , Nice, France
| | - Kaouthar Chatti
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Julien Guglielmi
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Maha Hichri
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Cathy Compin
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Jacques Darcourt
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine Lacassagne , Nice, France
| | - Georges Vassaux
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Danielle Benisvy
- 3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Centre Antoine Lacassagne , Nice, France
| | - Thierry Pourcher
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
| | - Béatrice Cambien
- 1 Laboratory of Transporters, Imaging, Radiotherapy in Oncology, Unité Mixte de Recherche E4320, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies , CEA, Nice, France
- 2 Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis , Nice, France
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Kano D, Nakagami Y, Kurihara H, Hosokawa S, Zenda S, Kusumoto M, Fujii H, Kaneta T, Saito S, Uesawa Y, Kagaya H. Development of a double-stranded siRNA labelling method by using 99mTc and single photon emission computed tomography imaging. J Drug Target 2016; 25:172-178. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2016.1223675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kano
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakagami
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kurihara
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadamoto Zenda
- Division of Functional Imaging, Research Centre for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kusumoto
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Fujii
- Division of Functional Imaging, Research Centre for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneta
- Department of Radiology, Yokohama City University, School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Centre Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uesawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Kagaya
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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van der Have F, Ivashchenko O, Goorden MC, Ramakers RM, Beekman FJ. High-resolution clustered pinhole 131Iodine SPECT imaging in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:506-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee H, Kim JH, Kang YK, Moon JH, So Y, Lee WW. Quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for technetium pertechnetate thyroid uptake measurement. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4170. [PMID: 27399139 PMCID: PMC5058868 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Technetium pertechnetate (TcO4) is a radioactive tracer used to assess thyroid function by thyroid uptake system (TUS). However, the TUS often fails to deliver accurate measurements of the percent of thyroid uptake (%thyroid uptake) of TcO4. Here, we investigated the usefulness of quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) after injection of TcO4 in detecting thyroid function abnormalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed data from 50 patients (male:female = 15:35; age, 46.2 ± 16.3 years; 17 Graves disease, 13 thyroiditis, and 20 euthyroid). All patients underwent TcO4 quantitative SPECT/CT (185 MBq = 5 mCi), which yielded %thyroid uptake and standardized uptake value (SUV). Twenty-one (10 Graves disease and 11 thyroiditis) of the 50 patients also underwent conventional %thyroid uptake measurements using a TUS. RESULTS Quantitative SPECT/CT parameters (%thyroid uptake, SUVmean, and SUVmax) were the highest in Graves disease, second highest in euthyroid, and lowest in thyroiditis (P < 0.0001, Kruskal-Wallis test). TUS significantly overestimated the %thyroid uptake compared with SPECT/CT (P < 0.0001, paired t test) because other TcO4 sources in addition to thyroid, such as salivary glands and saliva, contributed to the %thyroid uptake result by TUS, whereas %thyroid uptake, SUVmean and SUVmax from the SPECT/CT were associated with the functional status of thyroid. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative SPECT/CT is more accurate than conventional TUS for measuring TcO4 %thyroid uptake. Quantitative measurements using SPECT/CT may facilitate more accurate assessment of thyroid tracer uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjong Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
- World Class University, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon
| | - Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yeon-koo Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jae Hoon Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Young So
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center
| | - Won Woo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Haller S, Ametamey SM, Schibli R, Müller C. Investigation of the chick embryo as a potential alternative to the mouse for evaluation of radiopharmaceuticals. Nucl Med Biol 2014; 42:226-33. [PMID: 25533725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The chick embryo is an emerging in vivo model in several areas of pre-clinical research including radiopharmaceutical sciences. Herein, it was evaluated as a potential test system for assessing the biodistribution and in vivo stability of radiopharmaceuticals. For this purpose, a number of radiopharmaceuticals labeled with (18)F, (125)I, (99m)Tc, and (177)Lu were investigated in the chick embryo and compared with the data obtained in mice. METHODS Chick embryos were cultivated ex ovo for 17-19 days before application of the radiopharmaceutical directly into the peritoneum or intravenously using a vein of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). At a defined time point after application of radioactivity, the embryos were euthanized by shock-freezing using liquid nitrogen. Afterwards they were separated from residual egg components for post mortem imaging purposes using positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). RESULTS SPECT images revealed uptake of [(99m)Tc]pertechnetate and [(125)I]iodide in the thyroid of chick embryos and mice, whereas [(177)Lu]lutetium, [(18)F]fluoride and [(99m)Tc]-methylene diphosphonate ([(99m)Tc]-MDP) were accumulated in the bones. [(99m)Tc]-dimercaptosuccinic acid ((99m)Tc-DMSA) and the somatostatin analog [(177)Lu]-DOTATOC, as well as the folic acid derivative [(177)Lu]-DOTA-folate showed accumulation in the renal tissue whereas [(99m)Tc]-mebrofenin accumulated in the gall bladder and intestine of both species. In vivo dehalogenation of [(18)F]fallypride and of the folic acid derivative [(125)I]iodo-tyrosine-folate was observed in both species. In contrast, the 3'-aza-2'-[(18)F]fluorofolic acid ([(18)F]-AzaFol) was stable in the chick embryo as well as in the mouse. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the same tissue distribution profile and in vivo stability of radiopharmaceuticals in the chick embryo and the mouse. This observation is promising with regard to a potential use of the chick embryo as an inexpensive and simple test model for preclinical screening of novel radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Haller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Müller
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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Lakshmanan A, Scarberry D, Shen DH, Jhiang SM. Modulation of sodium iodide symporter in thyroid cancer. Discov Oncol 2014; 5:363-73. [PMID: 25234361 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-014-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine (RAI) is a key therapeutic modality for thyroid cancer. Loss of RAI uptake in thyroid cancer inversely correlates with patient's survival. In this review, we focus on the challenges encountered in delivering sufficient doses of I-131 to eradicate metastatic lesions without increasing the risk of unwanted side effects. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) mediates iodide influx, and NIS expression and function can be selectively enhanced in thyroid cells by thyroid-stimulating hormone. We summarize our current knowledge of NIS modulation in normal and cancer thyroid cells, and we propose that several reagents evaluated in clinical trials for other diseases can be used to restore or further increase RAI accumulation in thyroid cancer. Once validated in preclinical mouse models and clinical trials, these reagents, mostly small-molecule inhibitors, can be readily translated into clinical practice. We review available genetically engineered mouse models of thyroid cancer in terms of their tumor development and progression as well as their thyroid function. These mice will not only provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying the loss of RAI uptake in thyroid tumors but will also serve as preclinical animal models to evaluate the efficacy of candidate reagents to selectively increase RAI uptake in thyroid cancers. Taken together, we anticipate that the optimal use of RAI in the clinical management of thyroid cancer is yet to come in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Lakshmanan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, 1645 Neil Avenue, 304 Hamilton Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Fruhwirth GO, Diocou S, Blower PJ, Ng T, Mullen G. A whole-body dual-modality radionuclide optical strategy for preclinical imaging of metastasis and heterogeneous treatment response in different microenvironments. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:686-94. [PMID: 24604910 PMCID: PMC6205625 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Imaging spontaneous cancer cell metastasis or heterogeneous tumor responses to drug treatment in vivo is difficult to achieve. The goal was to develop a new highly sensitive and reliable preclinical longitudinal in vivo imaging model for this purpose, thereby facilitating discovery and validation of anticancer therapies or molecular imaging agents. METHODS The strategy is based on breast cancer cells stably expressing the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS) fused to a red fluorescent protein, thereby permitting radionuclide and fluorescence imaging. Using whole-body nano-SPECT/CT with (99m)TcO4(-), we followed primary tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis in the presence or absence of etoposide treatment. NIS imaging was used to classify organs as small as individual lymph nodes (LNs) to be positive or negative for metastasis, and results were confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Etoposide treatment efficacy was proven by ex vivo anticaspase 3 staining and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS In this preclinical model, we found that the NIS imaging strategy outperformed state-of-the-art (18)F-FDG imaging in its ability to detect small tumors (18.5-fold-better tumor-to-blood ratio) and metastases (LN, 3.6-fold) because of improved contrast in organs close to metastatic sites (12- and 8.5-fold-lower standardized uptake value in the heart and kidney, respectively). We applied the model to assess the treatment response to the neoadjuvant etoposide and found a consistent and reliable improvement in spontaneous metastasis detection. Importantly, we also found that tumor cells in different microenvironments responded in a heterogeneous manner to etoposide treatment, which could be determined only by the NIS-based strategy and not by (18)F-FDG imaging. CONCLUSION We developed a new strategy for preclinical longitudinal in vivo cancer cell tracking with greater sensitivity and reliability than (18)F-FDG PET and applied it to track spontaneous and distant metastasis in the presence or absence of genotoxic stress therapy. Importantly, the model provides sufficient sensitivity and dynamic range to permit the reliable assessment of heterogeneous treatment responses in various microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert O. Fruhwirth
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- The Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, KCL, London SE1 1UL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Seckou Diocou
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Philip J. Blower
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
| | - Tony Ng
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, King's College London (KCL) & UCL
- The Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, KCL, London SE1 1UL
| | - Greg Mullen
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St.Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH
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Bianco AC, Anderson G, Forrest D, Galton VA, Gereben B, Kim BW, Kopp PA, Liao XH, Obregon MJ, Peeters RP, Refetoff S, Sharlin DS, Simonides WS, Weiss RE, Williams GR. American Thyroid Association Guide to investigating thyroid hormone economy and action in rodent and cell models. Thyroid 2014; 24:88-168. [PMID: 24001133 PMCID: PMC3887458 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2013.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in-depth understanding of the fundamental principles that regulate thyroid hormone homeostasis is critical for the development of new diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients with thyroid disease. SUMMARY Important clinical practices in use today for the treatment of patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or thyroid cancer are the result of laboratory discoveries made by scientists investigating the most basic aspects of thyroid structure and molecular biology. In this document, a panel of experts commissioned by the American Thyroid Association makes a series of recommendations related to the study of thyroid hormone economy and action. These recommendations are intended to promote standardization of study design, which should in turn increase the comparability and reproducibility of experimental findings. CONCLUSIONS It is expected that adherence to these recommendations by investigators in the field will facilitate progress towards a better understanding of the thyroid gland and thyroid hormone dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C. Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Grant Anderson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Valerie Anne Galton
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Balázs Gereben
- Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Brian W. Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Peter A. Kopp
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, and Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiao Hui Liao
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Maria Jesus Obregon
- Institute of Biomedical Investigation (IIB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robin P. Peeters
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Refetoff
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David S. Sharlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota
| | - Warner S. Simonides
- Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy E. Weiss
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Graham R. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Choi JS, Park IS, Kim SK, Lim JY, Kim YM. Morphometric and functional changes of salivary gland dysfunction after radioactive iodine ablation in a murine model. Thyroid 2013; 23:1445-51. [PMID: 23607283 PMCID: PMC3822387 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ablation of the thyroid tissue using radioactive iodine (RAI) after the surgical removal of well-differentiated thyroid cancer can induce radiation-related salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. However, in vivo changes of SGs after RAI administration in appropriate animal models are not well described in the literature. This study was undertaken to document morphometric and functional changes during the 12 months after RAI administration in a murine model of RAI-induced SG dysfunction. METHODS Four-week-old female C57BL/6 mice (n = 60) were divided into an RAI-treated group (n = 30) that received RAI orally (0.01 mCi/g body weight) and an unexposed control group (n = 30). Mice in both groups were divided into five subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and euthanized at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months post-RAI administration. Salivary flow rates and salivary lag times were measured at 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months after RAI administration. Morphological and histological examinations and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assays were performed. In addition, changes in salivary (99m)Tc pertechnetate uptake and excretion were observed by single-photon emission computed tomography. RESULTS In RAI-treated mice, the SGs were significantly lighter than those of unexposed controls at all study time points. Lag times to salivation in the RAI-treated group were greater than in the unexposed controls, but mean salivary flow rates were lower. Histologic examinations of SGs in the RAI group showed pale cytoplasm, atypical ductal configuration, septal widening, cytoplasmic vacuolization with pleomorphism, lymphocyte infiltration, and increased fibrosis. Furthermore, more apoptotic cells were observed in acini and ducts in the RAI group. In addition, patterns of (99m)Tc pertechnetate uptake and excretion in the RAI group were quite different from those observed in controls at 1 and 12 months post-RAI. CONCLUSION Various histological alterations were observed in mice exposed to RAI, that is, an increase in apoptotic acini and ductal cells and functional SG deterioration. The murine model of RAI-induced SG dysfunction used in the present study appears to be applicable to preclinical research on RAI-induced sialadenitis in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Suh Park
- Department of Pathology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Ki Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Low-Activity 124I-PET/Low-Dose CT Versus 99mTc-Pertechnetate Planar Scintigraphy or 99mTc-Pertechnetate Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography of the Thyroid. Clin Nucl Med 2013; 38:770-7. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0b013e3182a20d26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Analysis of age-related changes in the functional morphologies of salivary glands in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1635-42. [PMID: 24112729 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Salivary glands in the elderly commonly exhibit salivary dysfunction resulting dry mouth, poor oral hygiene, and dental caries. However, in vivo changes of salivary glands during aging have not been well documented in the literature. This study was undertaken to determine age-related morphometric and functional changes of salivary glands using an aging mouse model. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups, group A (10 weeks old; n=10), group B (30 weeks old; n=10), and group C (90 weeks old; n=10). Body weights, salivary gland weights, salivary flow rates, and salivary lag times were measured and compared. Histomorphometric examinations and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were performed. In addition, changes in salivary uptake and excretion were observed by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). RESULTS Body and gland weights increased with age. Gland weight was significantly higher in group B than in groups A and C. Salivary lag time was significantly greater in group C than in groups A and B, and salivary flow rate was significantly greater in group B than in groups A and C. Histologic evaluations exhibited acinar cell atrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolization, lymphocyte infiltration, small mucin component and more periductal fibrosis in salivary glands of group C. TUNEL assays revealed that apoptotic salivary epithelial cells were significantly more numerous in group C than in groups A and B. (99m)Tc-pertechnetate excretion rate was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B in SPECT. CONCLUSION Various morphometric and histopathological changes were observed in the salivary glands of aging mouse as well as relevant functional alterations, such as, decreased saliva production and excretion. Increased number of apoptotic salivary epithelial cells may contribute to the observed functional deterioration.
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Hartung N. Parameter non-identifiability of the Gyllenberg-Webb ODE model. J Math Biol 2013; 68:41-55. [PMID: 23989912 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-013-0724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An ODE model introduced by Gyllenberg and Webb (Growth Develop Aging 53:25-33, 1989) describes tumour growth in terms of the dynamics between proliferating and quiescent cell states. The passage from one state to another and vice versa is modelled by two functions r0 and ri depending on the total tumour size. As these functions do not represent any observable quantities, they have to be identified from the observations. In this paper we show that there is an infinite number of pairs (r0, ri) corresponding to the same solution of the ODE system and the functions (r0, ri) will be classified in terms of this equivalence. Surprisingly, the technique used for this classification permits a uniqueness proof of the solution of the ODE model in a non-Lipschitz case. The reasoning can be widened to a more general setting including an extension of the Gyllenberg-Webb model with a nonlinear birth rate. The relevance of this result is discussed in a preclinical application scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Hartung
- Aix-Marseille Université, CMI 39 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13453 , Marseille cedex 13, France,
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Alric C, Miladi I, Kryza D, Taleb J, Lux F, Bazzi R, Billotey C, Janier M, Perriat P, Roux S, Tillement O. The biodistribution of gold nanoparticles designed for renal clearance. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5930-5939. [PMID: 23702968 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their tunable optical properties and their high absorption cross-section of X- and γ-ray, gold nanostructures appear as promising agents for remotely controlled therapy. Since the efficiency of cancer therapy is not limited to the eradication of the tumour but rests also on the sparing of healthy tissue, a biodistribution study is required in order to determine whether the behaviour of the nanoparticles after intravenous injection is safe (no accumulation in healthy tissue, no uptake by phagocytic cell-rich organs (liver, spleen) and renal clearance). The biodistribution of Au@DTDTPA nanoparticles which are composed of a gold core and a DTDTPA (dithiolated polyaminocarboxylate) shell can be established by X-ray imaging (owing to the X-ray absorption of the gold core) and by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) since the DTDTPA shell was designed for the immobilization of paramagnetic gadolinium ions. However scintigraphy appears better suited for a biodistribution study owing to a great sensitivity. The successful immobilization of radioelements ((99m)Tc, (111)In) in the DTDTPA shell, instead of gadolinium ions, renders possible the follow up of Au@DTDTPA by scintigraphy which showed that Au@DTDTPA nanoparticles exhibit a safe behaviour after intravenous injection to healthy rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Alric
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents, UMR 5620 CNRS - UCBL, Université de Lyon, 22 Avenue Gaston Berger, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Brandt MP, Kloos RT, Shen DH, Zhang X, Liu YY, Jhiang SM. Micro-single-photon emission computed tomography image acquisition and quantification of sodium-iodide symporter-mediated radionuclide accumulation in mouse thyroid and salivary glands. Thyroid 2012; 22:617-24. [PMID: 22540327 PMCID: PMC3358108 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2011.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Micro-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) provides a noninvasive way to evaluate the effects of genetic and/or pharmacological modulation on sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated radionuclide accumulation in mouse thyroid and salivary glands. However, parameters affecting image acquisition and analysis of mouse thyroids and salivary glands have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of region-of-interest (ROI) selection, collimation, scan time, and imaging orbit on image acquisition and quantification of thyroidal and salivary radionuclide accumulation in mice. METHODS The effects of data window minima and maxima on thyroidal and salivary ROI selection using a visual boundary method were examined in SPECT images acquired from mice injected with (123)I NaI. The effects of collimation, scan time, and imaging orbit on counting linearity and signal intensity were investigated using phantoms filled with various activities of (123)I NaI or Tc-99m pertechnetate. Spatial resolution of target organs in whole-animal images was compared between circular orbit with parallel-hole collimation and spiral orbit with five-pinhole collimation. Lastly, the inter-experimental variability of the same mouse scanned multiple times was compared with the intra-experimental variability among different mice scanned at the same time. RESULTS Thyroid ROI was separated from salivary glands by empirically increasing the data window maxima. Counting linearity within the range of 0.5-14.2 μCi was validated by phantom imaging using single- or multiple-pinhole collimators with circular or spiral imaging orbit. Scanning time could be shortened to 15 minutes per mouse without compromising counting linearity despite proportionally decreased signal intensity. Whole-animal imaging using a spiral orbit with five-pinhole collimators achieved a high spatial resolution and counting linearity. Finally, the extent of inter-experimental variability of NIS-mediated radionuclide accumulation in the thyroid and salivary glands by SPECT imaging in the same mouse was less than the magnitude of variability among the littermates. CONCLUSIONS The impacts of multiple variables and experimental designs on micro-SPECT imaging and quantification of radionuclide accumulation in mouse thyroid and salivary glands can be minimized. This platform will serve as an invaluable tool to screen for pharmacologic reagents that differentially modulate thyroidal and salivary radioiodine accumulation in preclinical mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Brandt
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Richard T. Kloos
- The Ohio State University Thyroid Cancer Unit, Divisions of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel H. Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yu-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sissy M. Jhiang
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- The Ohio State University Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Liu YY, Brandt MP, Shen DH, Kloos RT, Zhang X, Jhiang SM. Single photon emission computed tomography imaging for temporal dynamics of thyroidal and salivary radionuclide accumulation in 17-allyamino-17-demothoxygeldanamycin-treated thyroid cancer mouse model. Endocr Relat Cancer 2011; 18:27-37. [PMID: 20943721 PMCID: PMC3902865 DOI: 10.1677/erc-10-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective iodide uptake and prolonged iodine retention in the thyroid is the basis for targeted radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer patients; however, salivary gland dysfunction is the most frequent nonthyroidal complications. In this study, we have used noninvasive single photon emission computed tomography functional imaging to quantify the temporal dynamics of thyroidal and salivary radioiodine accumulation in mice. At 60 min post radionuclide injection, radionuclide accumulation in the salivary gland was generally higher than that in thyroid due to much larger volume of the salivary gland. However, radionuclide accumulation per anatomic unit in the salivary gland was lower than that in thyroid and was comparable among mice of different age and gender. Differently, radionuclide accumulation per anatomic unit in thyroid varied greatly among mice. The extent of thyroidal radioiodine accumulation stimulated by a single dose of exogenous bovine TSH (bTSH) in triiodothyronine (T₃)-supplemented mice was much less than that in mice received neither bTSH nor T₃ (nontreated mice), suggesting that the duration of elevated serum TSH level is important to maximize thyroidal radioiodine accumulation. Furthermore, the extent and duration of radioiodine accumulation stimulated by bTSH was less in the thyroids of the thyroid-targeted RET/PTC1 (thyroglobulin (Tg)-PTC1) mice bearing thyroid tumors compared with the thyroids in wild-type (WT) mice. Finally, the effect of 17-allyamino-17-demothoxygeldanamycin on increasing thyroidal, but not salivary, radioiodine accumulation was validated in both WT mice and Tg-PTC1 preclinical thyroid cancer mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Liu
- The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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