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Hu Y, Zhou D, Chen J, Shan P. Eosinophil/Monocyte Ratio Combined With Serum Thyroid Hormone for Distinguishing Graves' Disease and Subacute Thyroiditis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:264. [PMID: 32457697 PMCID: PMC7225255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyrotoxicosis is commonly classified into several entities according to different etiologies. Identifying the causes of thyroid dysfunction is critical for the subsequent selection of treatment. The free triiodothyronine to free thyroxine ratio (fT3/fT4) is widely used but is still a controversial diagnostic measurement. Methods: A total of 290 patients including 141 healthy control subjects, 86 patients with untreated Graves' disease (GD,) and 63 patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) were enrolled in the study. The main aim was to evaluate the diagnostic value of different indexes from serum testing including fT3, fT4, eosinophils (Eo) and monocytes (Mo). The diagnostic performance of multiple indexes was evaluated separately using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: Sensitivities and specificities of fT4/fT3, Mo/Eo ratios and Mo/Eo ratio + fT4/fT3 for diagnosing GD were 80.23 and 88.89, 82.56 and 60.32, and 74.4 and 87.3 with cut-off values of ≤ 2.841, ≤ 8.813 and >0.644, respectively. An equation of combined indicators including Mo, Eo, fT3, and fT4 data was developed to calculate a probability value and among all indexes studied the indicator combination formula gave the best diagnostic value, reaching sensitivity and specificity of 89.53 and 90.48%, respectively, with an optimum cut-off value at 0.561 for GD diagnosis. Conclusion: Compared to regular indexes (fT4/fT3 and Mo/Eo), a newly developed indicator combination formula provided a higher prediction probability and may serve as a simple, cost-effective tool for differentiating GD from SAT patients, especially in undeveloped regions of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Diyi Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Diyi Zhou
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sigmarsdottir AA, Olafsson IH, Kjartansson Ó, Bjarnason R. Thyrotoxicosis in a 13-year-old girl following pituitary adenectomy for Cushing's disease. Clin Case Rep 2017; 5:1341-1343. [PMID: 28781855 PMCID: PMC5538062 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to report a case of thyrotoxicosis following pituitary adenectomy for Cushing′s disease, the only pediatric case to our knowledge. No thyroid antibodies were detected, and the thyrotoxicosis was successfully treated for 3 months with no relapse after 5 years of follow‐up. The cause of thyrotoxicosis remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ólafur Kjartansson
- Department of Radiology Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Ragnar Bjarnason
- Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital Iceland Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
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Yang JW, How J. Lugol's solution-induced painless thyroiditis. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2017; 2017:EDM170034. [PMID: 28620500 PMCID: PMC5467656 DOI: 10.1530/edm-17-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lugol’s solution is usually employed for a limited period for thyroidectomy preparation in patients with Graves’ disease and for the control of severe thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm. We describe a rare case of Lugol’s solution-induced painless thyroiditis. In November 2014, a 59-year-old woman was prescribed Lugol’s solution four drops per day for the alleviation of menopausal symptoms. She was referred to our clinic in June 2015 for fatigue, hair loss, and a 20-lb weight loss without thyroid pain or discomfort. Physical examination revealed a normal thyroid gland. On 7 May 2015, laboratory tests revealed a suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.01 U/L with elevated free T4 3.31 ng/dL (42.54 pmol/L). Repeat testing on 25 May 2015 showed spontaneous normalization of the free thyroid hormone levels with persistently low TSH 0.10 U/L. Following these results, a family physician prescribed methimazole 10 mg PO TID and very soon after, the TSH concentration rose to >100 U/L along with subnormal free T4 and T3 levels. Methimazole was promptly discontinued, namely within 18 days of its initiation. Over the course of the next few months, the patient spontaneously achieved clinical and biochemical euthyroidism. To our knowledge, this is a unique case of painless thyroiditis induced by Lugol’s solution, which has not been reported before. Lugol’s solution is a short-term medication given for the preparation of thyroidectomy in patients with Graves’ disease and for the control of severe thyrotoxicosis. Iodine excess can cause both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Rarely, Lugol’s solution can cause acute painless thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wei Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QuebecCanada
| | - Jacques How
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QuebecCanada
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Sabbadin C, Donà G, Bordin L, Iacobone M, Camozzi V, Mian C, Armanini D. Transient hypercortisolism and symptomatic hyperthyroidism associated to primary hyperparathyroidism in an elderly patient: case report and literature review. BMC Endocr Disord 2015; 15:4. [PMID: 25631825 PMCID: PMC4417273 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-15-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is often found on routine blood tests, at a relatively asymptomatic stage. However many studies suggest different systemic effects related to PHPT, which could be enhanced by an abnormal cortisol release due to chronic stress of hyperparathyroidism. Being PHPT frequently found in the 6(th) to 7(th) decade of life, a careful and multifaceted approach should be taken. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case of an elderly patient with symptomatic PHPT and incidental pulmonary embolism. He was treated with hydration, zoledronic acid, cinacalcet and high-dose unfractionated heparin. Parathyroid surgery was successfully performed, but patient's conditions suddenly worsened because of a transient thyrotoxicosis, probably induced by a previous exposure to iodine load and/or thyroid surgical manipulation. A short-term treatment with beta-blockers was introduced for symptomatic relief. The patient also presented a transient hypercortisolism with elevated ACTH, likely due to stress related not only to aging and hospitalization but also to PHPT, resolved only four months after parathyroid surgery. CONCLUSION Chronic hyperparathyroidism has been linked with increased all-cause mortality. A functional chronic hypercortisolism could be established, enhancing PHPT related disorders. Only parathyroid surgery has been demonstrated to cure PHPT and complications related, showing similar outcome between older and younger patients. However, the management of post-operative period should be more careful in fragile patients. In particular, the early diagnosis and treatment of a transient post-operative thyrotoxicosis could improve recovery. Due to the increase in prevalence and the evidence of many related complications even in asymptomatic PHPT, expert opinion-based guidelines for surgical treatment of PHPT should be developed especially for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sabbadin
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Padua, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Donà
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Luciana Bordin
- Department of Molecular Medicine-Biological Chemistry, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Minimally Invasive Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Padua, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Caterina Mian
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Padua, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Decio Armanini
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Padua, Via Ospedale 105, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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Dunne P, Kaimal N, MacDonald J, Syed AA. Iodinated contrast-induced thyrotoxicosis. CMAJ 2012; 185:144-7. [PMID: 23148056 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.120734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dunne
- Departments of Cardiology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust and University Teaching Hospital, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
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Renko K, Hoefig CS, Hiller F, Schomburg L, Köhrle J. Identification of iopanoic acid as substrate of type 1 deiodinase by a novel nonradioactive iodide-release assay. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2506-13. [PMID: 22434082 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic 5'- and 5-deiodination are key reactions for local and systemic activation and inactivation of iodothyronines and thyronamines. Expression of the three deiodinase (DIO) isoenzymes is regulated by a number of parameters, including thyroid status, genotype, micronutrient availability, and disease-related signaling. In addition, DIO are potential targets of pharmacological as well as environmentally derived substances, which might affect their enzymatic activity (endocrine disruptors). With the classical DIO activity assay, testing depends on the availability of radioactively labeled substrates (e.g. (125)I-rT(3)) to monitor the release of radioactive iodide. Recently, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was described as an alternative method apparently resolving this limitation. However, it has a high demand in technical equipment and analytical routine and is limited in sample number by considerable measuring time. We therefore combined the classical deiodination assay with an easily accessible photometric method taking advantage of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction for measuring iodide release. In brief, iodine works as a catalyst within this redox reaction between Ce(4+) and As(3+) leading to an acceleration of destaining. Furthermore, the protocol was adapted to minimize handling effort and time consumption. Because this method is not dependent on radioactivity, it expands the substrate spectrum of the classical method. Suitability of this assay was tested with tissue samples from animal experiments (hepatic Dio1 activity in hypo- and hyperthyroid mice) and established DIO inhibitors. As a new but not unexpected finding, the alleged inhibitor iopanoic acid turned out to be a DIO substrate. This finding was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and its potential clinical impact requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostja Renko
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Hyperthyroidism describes the sustained increase in thyroid hormone biosynthesis and secretion by a thyroid gland with increased metabolism. Although the use of radioiodine scanning serves as a useful surrogate that may help characterize the cause of thyrotoxicosis, it only indirectly addresses the underlying physiologic mechanism driving the increase in serum thyroid hormones. In this article, thyrotoxic states are divided into increased or decreased thyroid metabolic function. In addition to the diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of the various causes of hyperthyroidism, a section on functional imaging and appropriate laboratory testing is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart C Seigel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Subacute, silent, and postpartum thyroiditis are temporary forms of thyroid dysfunction caused by thyroid gland inflammation. They classically present with a triphasic course: a brief period of thyrotoxicosis due to release of preformed thyroid hormone that lasts for 1 to 3 months, followed by a more prolonged hypothyroid phase lasting up to 6 months, and eventual return to a euthyroid state. However, the types and degree of thyroid dysfunction are variable in these disorders, and individual patients may present with mild or more severe cases of thyrotoxicosis alone, hypothyroidism alone, or both types of thyroid dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Samuels
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Daniels GH. The American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists guidelines for hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: an appraisal. Endocr Pract 2011; 17:325-33. [PMID: 21700559 DOI: 10.4158/ep11120.ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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