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Visamol S, Palaga T, Saonanon P, Pruksakorn V, Hirankarn N, van Hagen PM, Dik WA, Virakul S. EZH2 as a major histone methyltransferase in PDGF-BB-activated orbital fibroblast in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7947. [PMID: 38575707 PMCID: PMC10994939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is an extra-thyroidal complication of Graves' disease which can lead to vision loss in severe cases. Currently, treatments of GO are not sufficiently effective, so novel therapeutic strategies are needed. As platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB induces several effector mechanisms in GO orbital fibroblasts including cytokine production and myofibroblast activation, this study aims to investigate the roles of histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) in PDGF-BB-activated GO orbital fibroblasts by screening with HKMTs inhibitors library. From the total of twelve selective HKMT inhibitors in the library, EZH2, G9a and DOT1L inhibitors, DZNeP, BIX01294 and Pinometostat, respectively, prevented PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and hyaluronan production by GO orbital fibroblasts. However, only EZH2 inhibitor, DZNeP, significantly blocked pro-inflammatory cytokine production. For the HKMTs expression in GO orbital fibroblasts, PDGF-BB significantly and time-dependently induced EZH2, G9a and DOT1L mRNA expression. To confirm the role of EZH2 in PDGF-BB-induced orbital fibroblast activation, EZH2 silencing experiments revealed suppression of PDGF-BB-induced collagen type I and α-SMA expression along with decreasing histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) level. In a more clinically relevant model than orbital fibroblast culture experiments, DZNeP treated GO orbital tissues significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production while slightly reduced ACTA2 mRNA expression. Our data is the first to demonstrate that among all HKMTs EZH2 dominantly involved in the expression of myofibroblast markers in PDGF-BB-activated orbital fibroblast from GO presumably via H3K27me3. Thus, EZH2 may represent a novel therapeutics target for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopita Visamol
- Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preamjit Saonanon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vannakorn Pruksakorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattiya Hirankarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune Mediated Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune Mediated Disease, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Immunology, and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sita Virakul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ren Z, Zhang H, Yu H, Zhu X, Lin J. Roles of four targets in the pathogenesis of graves' orbitopathy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19250. [PMID: 37810014 PMCID: PMC10558314 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune disease that involves complex immune systems. The mainstays of clinical management for this disease are surgery, targeted drugs therapy, and no-targeted drugs drug therapy. targeted drugs can improve therapeutic efficacy and enhance the quality of life for GO patients. However, as a second-line treatment for GO, targeted drugs such as tocilizumab and rituximab have very limited therapeutic effects and may be accompanied by side effects. The introduction of Teprotumumab, which targets IGF-IR, has made significant progress in the clinical management of GO. The pathophysiology of GO still remains uncertain as it involves a variety of immune cells and fibroblast interactions as well as immune responses to relevant disease targets of action. Therfore, learning more about immune response feedback pathways and potential targets of action will assist in the treatment of GO. In this discussion, we explore the pathogenesis of GO and relevant work, and highlight four potential targets for GO: Interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23 R), Leptin receptor (LepR), Orbital fibroblast activating factors, and Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of GO and the role of potential target signaling pathways is crucial for effective treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Shandong, China
- Fengjin Biomedical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Hailing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Shandong, China
| | - Haiwen Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiqiang Zhu
- Fengjin Biomedical Co., Ltd, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Shandong, China
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Guo Y, Song S, DU X, Tian L, Zhang M, Zhou H, Chen ZK, Chang S. Romidepsin (FK228) improves the survival of allogeneic skin grafts through downregulating the production of donor-specific antibody via suppressing the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:392-406. [PMID: 35557040 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) is one of the major causes of graft loss after transplantation. Recently, the regulation of B cell differentiation and the prevention of donor-specific antibody (DSA) production have gained increased attention in transplant research. Herein, we established a secondary allogeneic in vivo skin transplant model to study the effects of romidepsin (FK228) on DSA. The survival of grafted skins was monitored daily. The serum levels of DSA and the number of relevant immunocytes in the recipient spleens were evaluated by flow cytometry. Then, we isolated and purified B cells from B6 mouse spleens in vitro by magnetic bead sorting. The B cells were cultured with interleukin-4 (IL-4) and anti-clusters of differentiation 40 (CD40) antibody with or without FK228 treatment. The immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgM levels in the supernatant were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were conducted to determine the corresponding levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression in cultured cells and the recipient spleens. The results showed that FK228 significantly improved the survival of allogeneic skin grafts. Moreover, FK228 inhibited DSA production in the serum along with the suppression of histone deacetylase 1 (HADC1) and HDAC2 and the upregulation of the acetylation of histones H2A and H3. It also inhibited the differentiation of B cells to plasma cells, decreased the transcription of positive regulatory domain-containing 1 (Prdm1) and X-box-binding protein 1 (Xbp1), and decreased the expression of phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 α (p-IRE1α), XBP1, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1). In conclusion, FK228 could decrease the production of antibodies by B cells via inhibition of the IRE1α-XBP1 signaling pathway. Thus, FK228 is considered as a promising therapeutic agent for the clinical treatment of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Guo
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Siyu Song
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaoxiao DU
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhonghua Klaus Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng Chang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Wang Y, Ma XM, Wang X, Sun X, Wang LJ, Li XQ, Liu XY, Yu HS. Emerging Insights Into the Role of Epigenetics and Gut Microbiome in the Pathogenesis of Graves' Ophthalmopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:788535. [PMID: 35069441 PMCID: PMC8766297 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.788535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease that is often characterized by infiltration of orbital tissues and is considered as the most common extra-thyroid manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Although genetic susceptibility has been found to be critical for the phenotype of GO, the associated risk alleles in a single gene are generally insufficient to cause the disease. Accruing evidence has shown that epigenetic disorders can act as the potentially missing link between genetic risk and clinically significant disease development. Abnormal epigenetic modifications can lead to pro-inflammatory cascades and activation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) by promoting the various inflammatory response pathways and regulating the diverse signaling molecules that are involved in the fibrogenesis and adipogenesis, thereby leading to the significant expansion of orbital tissues, fibrosis and inflammation infiltration. Additionally, emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiome can possibly drive the pathogenesis of GO by influencing the secretion of Thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) and T-helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) imbalance. This paper describes the latest epigenetic research evidence and progress made in comprehending the mechanisms of GO development, such as DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Min Ma
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Ling-Jun Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin-Qi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Song Yu
- Department of Immunology, Special Key Laboratory of Ocular Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Song Yu,
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