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Hansen I, Abeck D, Kött J, Schneider SW, Abeck F. Das Potenzial der Telemedizin für die dermatologische Versorgung pädiatrischer Patienten in Deutschland. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:141-146. [PMID: 36808439 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14979_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hansen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | | - Julian Kött
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Finn Abeck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
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Hansen I, Abeck D, Kött J, Schneider SW, Abeck F. The potential of telemedicine for dermatological care of pediatric patients in Germany. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:141-145. [PMID: 36772923 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Skin diseases are a common reason for consultations in pediatric practice. The present study aims to characterize the dermatological requests of resident pediatric specialists using teledermatology in Germany. PATIENTS AND METHODS This analysis of consultation requests, submitted by pediatricians to a designated pediatric dermatologist via a telemedical consultation system (PädExpert) using the store-and-forward technology, was performed between February 2021 and December 2021. RESULTS The study analysis included 504 telemedical consultation requests. The mean age of the patients was 6.5 ± 5.0 years with 45.5% of the patients being female. Telemedicine was useful in providing a definite diagnosis in 88.3%. The diagnoses were most frequently assigned to the group of infectious skin diseases (28.8%). Referral to a dermatologist was recommended in 11.5%. The requests were answered on the same day in 63.8% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS The study data shows the great potential of teledermatology to improve access for children with skin diseases to specialized dermatological care. Another advantage is its function as a triage instrument. Since most cases could be managed by teledermatology only, it is possible to reduce the need for an in-person visit to the dermatologist, thus saving resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hansen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Julian Kött
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Finn Abeck
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Clarke EL, Reichenberg JS, Ahmed AM, Keeling B, Custer J, Rathouz PJ, Jambusaria-Pahlajani A. The utility of teledermatology in the evaluation of skin lesions. J Telemed Telecare 2021; 29:382-389. [PMID: 33461401 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20987423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past studies have shown mixed results about the accuracy of store-and-forward (SAF) teledermatology in the evaluation of skin lesions. The objective of this study is to determine the accuracy of SAF teledermatology in the diagnosis of skin lesions and biopsy decision compared to in-person clinical evaluation. METHODS Histories and photographs of skin lesions gathered at clinic visits were sent as SAF consults to teledermatologists, whose diagnoses and biopsy decisions were recorded and compared statistically to the clinic data.Results and Discussion: We enrolled 206 patients with 308 lesions in the study. The study population was composed of 50% males (n = 104), and most patients were white (n = 179, 87%) and not Hispanic/Latino (n = 167, 81%). There was good concordance for biopsy decision between the clinic dermatologist (CD) and teledermatologist (TD) (Cohen's kappa (κ) = 0.51), which did not significantly differ when melanocytic lesions were excluded (κ = 0.54). The sensitivity and specificity of teledermatology based on biopsy decision was 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. Overall concordance in first diagnosis between the CD and TD was good (κ = 0.60). While there was no difference between CD and TD in proportion of correct diagnoses compared to histopathology, two skin cancers presentations were missed by TD. Study limitations included sample size, enrolment bias and differing amounts of teledermatologist case experience. Teledermatology has good concordance in diagnosis and biopsy decision when compared to clinic dermatology. Teledermatology may be utilized in the evaluation of skin lesions to expand access to dermatologic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Clarke
- Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Jason S Reichenberg
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Ammar M Ahmed
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Brett Keeling
- Division of Dermatology, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - James Custer
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Paul J Rathouz
- Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, USA
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Chuchu N, Dinnes J, Takwoingi Y, Matin RN, Bayliss SE, Davenport C, Moreau JF, Bassett O, Godfrey K, O'Sullivan C, Walter FM, Motley R, Deeks JJ, Williams HC. Teledermatology for diagnosing skin cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD013193. [PMID: 30521686 PMCID: PMC6517019 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is essential to guide appropriate management and to improve morbidity and survival. Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are high-risk skin cancers which have the potential to metastasise and ultimately lead to death, whereas basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually localised with potential to infiltrate and damage surrounding tissue. Anxiety around missing early curable cases needs to be balanced against inappropriate referral and unnecessary excision of benign lesions. Teledermatology provides a way for generalist clinicians to access the opinion of a specialist dermatologist for skin lesions that they consider to be suspicious without referring the patients through the normal referral pathway. Teledermatology consultations can be 'store-and-forward' with electronic digital images of a lesion sent to a dermatologist for review at a later time, or can be live and interactive consultations using videoconferencing to connect the patient, referrer and dermatologist in real time. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of teledermatology for the detection of any skin cancer (melanoma, BCC or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC)) in adults, and to compare its accuracy with that of in-person diagnosis. SEARCH METHODS We undertook a comprehensive search of the following databases from inception up to August 2016: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CPCI, Zetoc, Science Citation Index, US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register, NIHR Clinical Research Network Portfolio Database and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We studied reference lists and published systematic review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies evaluating skin cancer diagnosis for teledermatology alone, or in comparison with face-to-face diagnosis by a specialist clinician, compared with a reference standard of histological confirmation or clinical follow-up and expert opinion. We also included studies evaluating the referral accuracy of teledermatology compared with a reference standard of face-to-face diagnosis by a specialist clinician. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted all data using a standardised data extraction and quality assessment form (based on QUADAS-2). We contacted authors of included studies where there were information related to the target condition of any skin cancer missing. Data permitting, we estimated summary sensitivities and specificities using the bivariate hierarchical model. Due to the scarcity of data, we undertook no covariate investigations for this review. For illustrative purposes, we plotted estimates of sensitivity and specificity on coupled forest plots for diagnostic threshold and target condition under consideration. MAIN RESULTS The review included 22 studies reporting diagnostic accuracy data for 4057 lesions and 879 malignant cases (16 studies) and referral accuracy data for reported data for 1449 lesions and 270 'positive' cases as determined by the reference standard face-to-face decision (six studies). Methodological quality was variable with poor reporting hindering assessment. The overall risk of bias was high or unclear for participant selection, reference standard, and participant flow and timing in at least half of all studies; the majority were at low risk of bias for the index test. The applicability of study findings were of high or unclear concern for most studies in all domains assessed due to the recruitment of participants from secondary care settings or specialist clinics rather than from primary or community-based settings in which teledermatology is more likely to be used and due to the acquisition of lesion images by dermatologists or in specialist imaging units rather than by primary care clinicians.Seven studies provided data for the primary target condition of any skin cancer (1588 lesions and 638 malignancies). For the correct diagnosis of lesions as malignant using photographic images, summary sensitivity was 94.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90.1% to 97.4%) and summary specificity was 84.3% (95% CI 48.5% to 96.8%) (from four studies). Individual study estimates using dermoscopic images or a combination of photographic and dermoscopic images generally suggested similarly high sensitivities with highly variable specificities. Limited comparative data suggested similar diagnostic accuracy between teledermatology assessment and in-person diagnosis by a dermatologist; however, data were too scarce to draw firm conclusions. For the detection of invasive melanoma or atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants both sensitivities and specificities were more variable. Sensitivities ranged from 59% (95% CI 42% to 74%) to 100% (95% CI 48% to 100%) and specificities from 30% (95% CI 22% to 40%) to 100% (95% CI 93% to 100%), with reported diagnostic thresholds including the correct diagnosis of melanoma, classification of lesions as 'atypical' or 'typical, and the decision to refer or to excise a lesion.Referral accuracy data comparing teledermatology against a face-to-face reference standard suggested good agreement for lesions considered to require some positive action by face-to-face assessment (sensitivities of over 90%). For lesions considered of less concern when assessed face-to-face (e.g. for lesions not recommended for excision or referral), agreement was more variable with teledermatology specificities ranging from 57% (95% CI 39% to 73%) to 100% (95% CI 86% to 100%), suggesting that remote assessment is more likely recommend excision, referral or follow-up compared to in-person decisions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Studies were generally small and heterogeneous and methodological quality was difficult to judge due to poor reporting. Bearing in mind concerns regarding the applicability of study participants and of lesion image acquisition in specialist settings, our results suggest that teledermatology can correctly identify the majority of malignant lesions. Using a more widely defined threshold to identify 'possibly' malignant cases or lesions that should be considered for excision is likely to appropriately triage those lesions requiring face-to-face assessment by a specialist. Despite the increasing use of teledermatology on an international level, the evidence base to support its ability to accurately diagnose lesions and to triage lesions from primary to secondary care is lacking and further prospective and pragmatic evaluation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Chuchu
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Rubeta N Matin
- Churchill HospitalDepartment of DermatologyOld RoadHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 7LE
| | - Susan E Bayliss
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Clare Davenport
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Jacqueline F Moreau
- University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterInternal MedicineDepartment of Medicine, Office of EducationUPMC Montefiore Hospital, N715PittsburghUSAPA, 15213
| | - Oliver Bassett
- Addenbrooke's HospitalPlastic SurgeryHills RoadCambridgeUKCB2 0QQ
| | - Kathie Godfrey
- The University of Nottinghamc/o Cochrane Skin GroupNottinghamUK
| | | | - Fiona M Walter
- University of CambridgePublic Health & Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, Worts CausewayCambridgeUKCB1 8RN
| | - Richard Motley
- University Hospital of WalesWelsh Institute of DermatologyHeath ParkCardiffUKCF14 4XW
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Hywel C Williams
- University of NottinghamCentre of Evidence Based DermatologyQueen's Medical CentreDerby RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2UH
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Augustin M, Wimmer J, Biedermann T, Blaga R, Dierks C, Djamei V, Elmer A, Elsner P, Enk A, Gass S, Henningsen M, Hofman-Wellenhof R, von Kiedrowski R, Kunz HD, Liebram C, Navarini A, Otten M, Reusch M, Schüller C, Zink A, Strömer K. Praxis der Teledermatologie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16 Suppl 5:6-57. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Augustin
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP); Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | - Johannes Wimmer
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP); Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Hautklinik Campus Biederstein; Technische Universität München, München
| | - Rolf Blaga
- Psoriasis Selbsthilfe Arbeitsgemeinschaft e. V.; Berlin
| | | | | | - Arno Elmer
- Hochschule für Ökonomie und Management Berlin, Berlin
| | - Peter Elsner
- Klinik für Hautkrankheiten; Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena
| | - Alexander Enk
- Hautklinik; Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | | | - Maike Henningsen
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP); Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marina Otten
- Institut für Versorgungsforschung in der Dermatologie und bei Pflegeberufen (IVDP); Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg
| | | | | | - Alexander Zink
- Dermatologischen Universitätsklinik; Technischen Universität München, München
| | - Klaus Strömer
- Gemeinschaftspraxis für Dermatologie und Allergologie; Mönchengladbach
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Trettel A, Eissing L, Augustin M. Telemedicine in dermatology: findings and experiences worldwide - a systematic literature review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:215-224. [PMID: 28516492 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Telemedicine has become an important element of health care in many countries and profited from the technological progress of the last two decades. Due to the visual character of the dermatological specialty, teledermatology in particular participated in that development and is becoming a major tool in dermatological consultation. The objective of this article was to identify the use of teledermatology across the world based on published original articles. A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases for eligible publications (predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria) and a cross-validation search were conducted. Search results were reviewed systematically. The search resulted in 204 publications meeting the inclusion criteria for analysis. The highest number of published studies on teledermatology was performed in the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy and Austria. The majority of dermatological indications for telemedical consultations were not specified or included various kinds of skin diseases, followed by skin cancer and wounds. Research questions predominantly focused on concordance, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness to determine the value. Teledermatology proved to be a reliable consultation tool in the majority of studies. If specified, telemedicine was used in daily dermatological routine for patient management purposes, to consult patients in peripheral locations, or for medical support in nursing homes or home care settings. The application of teledermatology worldwide is highest in North American and European countries, while countries with poor geographical distribution of physicians seem to be under-represented in teledermatological use, as concluded from publication output. Regarding indications, comparison with classic consultation and area of application, most studies were of general nature. For precise determination of the value, systematic studies would be needed. However, teledermatology is already accepted as a valid tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trettel
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - L Eissing
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Klotz J, Muir L, Cameron C, Delaney L. Monitoring a Remote Phototherapy Unit via Telemedicine. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347540500900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: The delivery of effective phototherapy to patients with psoriasis living in areas devoid of dermatologists is difficult. Telemedicine has proven useful in the delivery of health care in such locations. Objective: This evidence-based study sought to investigate the use of telemedicine in the monitoring of phototherapy of psoriasis patients located in a Nova Scotia region with no dermatologist. Methods: Psoriatic patients were reviewed six months before and after protocols and monitoring were instituted. First, charts of 23 patient treated with phototherapy were reviewed from the Aberdeen Hospital in New Glasgow. Patients were either self-referred or referred by a family physician and occasionally a dermatologist. Treatments were not monitored by a specialist. Second, a group of 33 patients receiving treatment were supervised via telemedicine by a dermatologist 250 km away in Halifax. Results: During the study period, treatment time decreased from 140 to 37 days. In the monitored group, 40% more patients were clear of psoriasis at time of discharge. The number of patients with side effects decreased. The number of self-and family practice–referred patients dropped; the clinic became a referral center for dermatologists. Conclusion: Telemedicine provided an excellent way to monitor patients receiving phototherapy in an area without a dermatologist. Overall, patient care improved: More patients were treated effectively with better outcomes and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Klotz
- Division of Dermatology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 4195 Dickson Building, B3H 1V8, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Dalhousie University and the QEII Health and Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Linda Muir
- Nova Scotia Telehealth Network, Aberdeen Hospital, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Crystal Cameron
- Department of Physiotherapy, Aberdeen Hospital, New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laura Delaney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, Dalhousie University and the QEII Health and Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Byrom L, Lucas L, Sheedy V, Madison K, McIver L, Castrisos G, Alfonzo C, Chiu F, Muir J. Tele-Derm National: A decade of teledermatology in rural and remote Australia. Aust J Rural Health 2015; 24:193-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Byrom
- Dermatology Department; Mater Misericordiae Health Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lex Lucas
- Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Vicki Sheedy
- Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Kim Madison
- Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lachlan McIver
- Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - George Castrisos
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Christina Alfonzo
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Frank Chiu
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jim Muir
- Dermatology Department; Mater Misericordiae Health Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- University of Queensland School of Medicine; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- South East Dermatology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Livingstone J, Solomon J. An assessment of the cost-effectiveness, safety of referral and patient satisfaction of a general practice teledermatology service. LONDON JOURNAL OF PRIMARY CARE 2015. [PMID: 26217401 DOI: 10.1080/17571472.2015.11493433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the cost-constrained NHS and in the quest for rapid diagnosis, teledermatology is a tool that can be used within general practice to aid in the diagnosis of benign-looking skin lesions and reduce referrals to secondary care. The setting for the study was a single general practice of 6500 patients in suburban Greater London. The aim of the study was to determine: (1) whether teledermatology in a single general practice is cost-effective, (2) whether the correct types of cases are being referred, and (3) if patients are satisfied with the service. METHODS Teledermatology was provided by a private provider. A trained member of staff took photographs in the practice. A consultant dermatologist carried out reporting. This is a retrospective analysis of case records over three years. The cases were adult patients (aged 18+) using teledermatology for the diagnosis and management of skin lesions thought to be benign by the general practitioner. Cost-effectiveness was calculated by considering savings made through reduced referral to secondary care, taking into account the cost of the service. To evaluate whether the correct cases were referred we reviewed whether the assessing dermatologist identified any previously undiagnosed skin cancer. Patient satisfaction assessment was performed using a standard questionnaire. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-eight patients had teledermatology. These were patients who would have been referred to secondary care for a routine appointment. Of these, 102 were subsequently referred to secondary care and 146 were managed within the practice. Teledermatology saved £12 460 over the 3-year period. Patients were followed for up to 51 months and no lesions were found to be malignant. Ninety-seven percent of patients rated themselves as satisfied/very satisfied and 93% found the procedure comfortable/very comfortable. The median wait for the photos to be taken was 7 days, and 1-2 weeks for results. CONCLUSIONS Teledermatology has been shown to be cost-effective, with referrals identified correctly when employed in this general practice setting. Satisfaction with the service was high.
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Parsi K, Chambers CJ, Armstrong AW. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a patient-centered care model for management of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 66:563-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Crowell ES, Givens GD, Jones GL, Brechtelsbauer PB, Yao J. Audiology telepractice in a clinical environment: a communication perspective. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2011; 120:441-7. [PMID: 21859052 DOI: 10.1177/000348941112000704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Access to adequate hearing health care is an obstacle that many individuals face worldwide. The prospect of providing audiology services via the Internet is an attractive and viable alternative to traditional face-to-face interaction between patients and audiologists, thus affording improved access to hearing health care for traditionally underserved populations. This article details our experience of using a web-based system with wireless audiometers and videoconferencing software to administer remote audiological assessments in an active medical practice. It discusses the technological infrastructure used and the pragmatic issues that arise when the Internet, Bluetooth wireless audiometers, and videoconferencing devices are converged into a clinical setting. Patients at a local office of otolaryngologists were recruited to participate in a study in which remote assessment results were compared to those collected from a traditional face-to-face assessment. Preliminary data demonstrated that the assessment results from the two sources were comparable. We conclude that remote hearing assessment over the Internet can be achieved through a distributed system synthesized with Internet, wireless communication, and videoconferencing technologies, supported by appropriate staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Crowell
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University Telemedicine Center, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA
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Estimating travel reduction associated with the use of telemedicine by patients and healthcare professionals: proposal for quantitative synthesis in a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2011; 11:185. [PMID: 21824388 PMCID: PMC3178488 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-11-185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major benefit offered by telemedicine is the avoidance of travel, by patients, their carers and health care professionals. Unfortunately, there is very little published information about the extent of avoided travel. We propose to undertake a systematic review of literature which reports credible data on the reductions in travel associated with the use of telemedicine. Method The conventional approach to quantitative synthesis of the results from multiple studies is to conduct a meta analysis. However, too much heterogeneity exists between available studies to allow a meaningful meta analysis of the avoided travel when telemedicine is used across all possible settings. We propose instead to consider all credible evidence on avoided travel through telemedicine by fitting a linear model which takes into account the relevant factors in the circumstances of the studies performed. We propose the use of stepwise multiple regression to identify which factors are significant. Discussion Our proposed approach is illustrated by the example of teledermatology. In a preliminary review of the literature we found 20 studies in which the percentage of avoided travel through telemedicine could be inferred (a total of 5199 patients). The mean percentage avoided travel reported in the 12 store-and-forward studies was 43%. In the 7 real-time studies and in a single study with a hybrid technique, 70% of the patients avoided travel. A simplified model based on the modality of telemedicine employed (i.e. real-time or store and forward) explained 29% of the variance. The use of store and forward teledermatology alone was associated with 43% of avoided travel. The increase in the proportion of patients who avoided travel (25%) when real-time telemedicine was employed was significant (P = 0.014). Service planners can use this information to weigh up the costs and benefits of the two approaches.
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Warshaw EM, Hillman YJ, Greer NL, Hagel EM, MacDonald R, Rutks IR, Wilt TJ. Teledermatology for diagnosis and management of skin conditions: A systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2011; 64:759-72. [PMID: 21036419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Warshaw
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55417, USA.
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Pediatric teledermatology: Observations based on 429 consults. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:61-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2008] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Baumeister T, Weistenhöfer W, Drexler H, Kütting B. Prevention of work-related skin diseases: teledermatology as an alternative approach in occupational screenings. Contact Dermatitis 2009; 61:224-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2009.01606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Eminović N, de Keizer NF, Bindels PJE, Hasman A. Maturity of teledermatology evaluation research: a systematic literature review. Br J Dermatol 2007; 156:412-9. [PMID: 17300227 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in teledermatology in today's clinical practice, but the maturity of the evaluation research of this technology is still unclear. OBJECTIVES This systematic review describes the maturity of teledermatology evaluation research over time and explores what kind of teledermatology outcome measures have been evaluated. METHODS Systematic review of literature found in Medline database (1966 up to April 2006). A telemedicine evaluation strategy consisting of four consecutive research phases (parallel to drug and diagnostics evaluation research) extended with a fifth postimplementation phase was used to classify all included studies by two independent reviewers. In addition, main characteristics (store-and-forward or real-time, study design, outcome measures) were registered. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-five papers were systematically selected from Medline, and 244 papers were excluded. For two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), multiple papers in phase III were found. After correcting for this, 99 studies remained included (11 phase I, 72 phase II, two phase III, six phase IV, eight postimplementation phase). The number of phase II studies is the largest and still growing, while other phases are much less represented. Diagnostic accuracy was the most often used outcome measure and was found in phase I, II and IV. Store-and-forward teledermatology has been evaluated more since 2001, but most phase IV studies (RCTs, including cost aspects) are on real-time teledermatology. CONCLUSIONS Most teledermatology evaluation studies are classified as feasibility studies (phase II). The number of phase III and IV studies remains low through the years. Compared with other specialties in telemedicine (i.e. telesurgery, telepaediatrics), teledermatology seems to be a mature application. However, more evaluation studies with a focus on clinical outcomes such as preventable referrals or time to recovery are needed to prove that teledermatology indeed is a promising and cost-saving technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Eminović
- Department of Medical Informatics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Rheuban KS. The role of telemedicine in fostering health-care innovations to address problems of access, specialty shortages and changing patient care needs. J Telemed Telecare 2007; 12 Suppl 2:S45-50. [PMID: 16989674 DOI: 10.1258/135763306778393171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The integration of advanced technologies into health-care services promises to aid society in its transition to a coordinated, systems approach which is focused on disease prevention, enhanced wellness, chronic disease management, decision support, quality and patient safety. By incorporating such technologies, clinicians will be able to manage the growing volumes of medical information, research and decision support analytical tools. The deployment of advanced technologies will minimize the barriers of distance and geography to enhance access and facilitate the delivery of integrated health care. This will support and enhance the goals of the US federal Healthy People 2010 initiative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Rheuban
- University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The delivery of effective phototherapy to patients with psoriasis living in areas devoid of dermatologists is difficult. Telemedicine has proven useful in the delivery of health care in such locations. OBJECTIVE This evidence-based study sought to investigate the use of telemedicine in the monitoring of phototherapy of psoriasis patients located in a Nova Scotia region with no dermatologist. METHODS Psoriatic patients were reviewed six months before and after protocols and monitoring were instituted. First, charts of 23 patient treated with phototherapy were reviewed from the Aberdeen Hospital in New Glasgow. Patients were either self-referred or referred by a family physician and occasionally a dermatologist. Treatments were not monitored by a specialist. Second, a group of 33 patients receiving treatment were supervised via telemedicine by a dermatologist 250 km away in Halifax. RESULTS During the study period, treatment time decreased from 140 to 37 days. In the monitored group, 40% more patients were clear of psoriasis at time of discharge. The number of patients with side effects decreased. The number of self-and family practice-referred patients dropped; the clinic became a referral center for dermatologists. CONCLUSION Telemedicine provided an excellent way to monitor patients receiving phototherapy in an area without a dermatologist. Overall, patient care improved: More patients were treated effectively with better outcomes and fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Klotz
- Division of Dermatology, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, 4195 Dickson Building, B3H 1V8, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Abstract
With varying degrees of enthusiasm, researchers and decision-makers support the use of telemedicine. Forms of telemedicine are appearing in health-care delivery, and are often integral to transforming health-care information technology. Despite this, the appropriate role of telemedicine in the delivery process remains ambiguous, at least partly because of its uncertain impact on costs. Cost savings and benefits are often suggested by the logic of its impact on health care and by the promise of technology, but definitive information on the costs and benefits remain elusive. The objectives of this paper are to review the state of telemedicine cost research, to examine major issues affecting the yield from this research, and finally to recommend strategies for improving future research. As this paper demonstrates, the productivity of telemedicine cost studies suffers from an under-utilization of appropriate program evaluation and economic methods. This review of telemedicine cost literature will appraise telemedicine cost studies and their findings within a broad analytic framework. Telemedicine cost studies will be assessed on their methods of statistical inference, use of critical economic concepts, and contextual definition for the determination of costs and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Reardon
- TG Reardon & Associates, LLC, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
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20
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Alverson DC, Shannon S, Sullivan E, Prill A, Effertz G, Helitzer D, Beffort S, Preston A. Telehealth in the Trenches: Reporting Back from the Frontlines in Rural America. Telemed J E Health 2004. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2004.10.s-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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21
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Wildi SM, Kim CY, Glenn TF, Mackey HA, Viator GE, Wallace MB, Hawes RH. Tele-endoscopy: a way to provide diagnostic quality for remote populations. Gastrointest Endosc 2004; 59:38-43. [PMID: 14722545 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(03)02529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flexible endoscopy plays an important role in digestive health. However, access to endoscopy is limited in many rural areas throughout the world. Training non-physician personal to perform diagnostic endoscopy and to transmit images to a central hospital, where experienced endoscopists can review the procedures, may improve digestive health for patients in remote areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic quality and accuracy of upper-GI tele-endoscopy. METHODS Fifty patients scheduled for EGD underwent upper-GI tele-endoscopy. The procedures were observed simultaneously by the endoscopist and a gastroenterologist observing from a remote station connected by 4 integrated services digital network telephone lines. The interpretation of the findings by both were compared and concordance for diagnosis of major and minor lesions was analyzed. RESULTS Tele-endoscopic image quality was adequate to support diagnosis of abnormal lesions by the remote observer. Technical issues included worsening image quality caused by mild pixelation during rapid endoscope movement and rare loss of the telephone lines. The endoscopist identified 47 different major and 44 minor findings in the 50 patients. The observer missed one major lesion (columnar-lined esophagus) because of suspected inflammation and described 10 non-existing major lesions (sensitivity 98%: 95% CI[89%, 99%], specificity 80%: 95% CI[66%, 90%]). Some of the differences were because of interobserver variability. CONCLUSIONS Upper-GI tele-endoscopy by using telephone lines has good diagnostic quality and is highly sensitive with regard to major findings. The misinterpretation of certain findings (esophageal ring, gastric erosions) may be caused by interobserver variability. The data strongly suggest that endoscopist and observer see similar endoscopic views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan M Wildi
- Digestive Disease Center, Medical University of South Carolina, and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, 29425, USA
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22
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Aoki N, Dunn K, Johnson-Throop KA, Turley JP. Outcomes and Methods in Telemedicine Evaluation. Telemed J E Health 2003; 9:393-401. [PMID: 14980098 DOI: 10.1089/153056203772744734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred and four articles, published from 1966 to 2000, were reviewed to investigate telemedicine evaluation studies in terms of methods and outcomes. A total of 112 evaluations were reported in these 104 articles. Two types of evaluations were evaluated: clinical and nonclinical. Within the clinical evaluations, three were on clinical effectiveness, 26 on patient satisfaction, 49 on diagnostic accuracy, and nine on cost. In the non-clinical evaluations, 15 articles discussed technical issues relating to digital images, such as bandwidth, resolution, and color, and 10 articles assessed management issues concerning efficiency of care, such as avoiding unnecessary patient transfer, or saving time. Of the 112 evaluations, 72 were descriptive in nature. The main methods used in the remaining 40 articles used quantitative methods. Nineteen articles employed statistical techniques, such as receiver operating characteristics curve (three evaluations) and kappa values (seven evaluations). Only one article utilized a qualitative approach to describe a telemedicine system. Currently, there are a number of good reports on diagnostic accuracy, satisfaction, and technological evaluation. However, clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness are important parameters, and they have received limited attention. Since telemedicine evaluations tend to explore various outcomes, it may be appropriate to evaluate from a multidisciplinary perspective, and to utilize various methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Aoki
- School of Health Information Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Teledermatology is in essence an application of clinical telemedicine that deals with the practice of dermatology via the latest communication and information technology. As with other telemedicine applications, the goal is to provide the highest quality of dermatologic care more efficiently by moving patient information rather than the patient. Teledermatopathology, on the other hand, is a nonclinical telemedicine application specifically relating to diagnosis of cutaneous histologic specimens. There are numerous articles evaluating diagnostic concordance of teledermatology. However, because of a lack of a "true" gold standard, most published studies have compared diagnostic capabilities of teledermatology to our traditional face-to-face evaluations. Although the diagnostic correlation varies from study to study, most experts agree that Store and Forward and real-time video teleconferencing teledermatology is as clinically effective as a face-to-face consultation, which is less than 100% accurate. Teledermatopathology is showing similar potential, but because of the limitations on sampling error and the high cost of the alternative, robotic remote telepathology units, its acceptance into our daily practice has been delayed. This article focuses mainly on Store and Forward Teledermatology given its significant advantage and reviews the literature on teledermatology and teledermatopathology's diagnostic concordance and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hon S Pak
- Department of Dermatology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, USA
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24
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Hicks LL, Boles KE, Hudson ST, Madsen RW, Kling B, Tracy J, Mitchell JA, Webb W. Using telemedicine to avoid transfer of rural emergency department patients. J Rural Health 2002; 17:220-8. [PMID: 11765886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2001.tb00959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Access to emergency treatment in rural areas can often mean the difference between life and death. Telemedicine technologies have the potential of providing earlier diagnosis and intervention, of saving lives and of avoiding unnecessary transfers from rural hospital emergency departments to urban hospitals. This study examined the hypothetical impact of telemedicine services on patients served by the emergency departments of two rural Missouri hospitals and the potential financial impact on the affected hospitals. Of the 246 patients transferred to the hub hospital from the two facilities during 1996, 161 medical records (65.4 percent) were analyzed. Using a conservative approach, only 12 of these cases were identified as potentially avoidable transfers with the use of telemedicine. Of these 12, 5 were admitted to the hub hospital after transfer. In addition to this conservative estimate of avoidable transfers based on current availability of resources in the rural hospitals, two more aggressive scenarios were developed, based on an assumption of increased service availability in the rural hospitals. Economic multipliers were used to estimate the financial impacts on communities in each scenario. This evaluation study demonstrates the potential value of telemedicine use in rural emergency departments to patients, rural hospitals and rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Hicks
- University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine, 65211, USA.
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25
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Williams T, May C, Esmail A, Ellis N, Griffiths C, Stewart E, Fitzgerald D, Morgan M, Mould M, Pickup L, Kelly S. Patient satisfaction with store-and-forward teledermatology. J Telemed Telecare 2002; 7 Suppl 1:45-6. [PMID: 11576488 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x010070s118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We assessed patient satisfaction with a nurse-led store-and-forward teledermatology service in Manchester. A teledermatology nurse obtained the patient's history, took digital photographs of the patient's skin lesion and then sent the information to a hospital dermatologist, who responded with management advice the following week. Of 141 patients who attended their teledermatology appointment, 123 (50 male, 73 female) completed the study questionnaire (87%). The average age of respondents was 42 years (SD 17, range 18-90 years). Ninety-three per cent reported that they were happy with the teleconsultation while 86% reported that it was more convenient than going to the outpatient clinic. Forty per cent agreed that they would feel more comfortable seeing the dermatologist in person while only 58% were comfortable with not speaking to the dermatologist about their skin condition. The absence of interaction with the dermatologist and the delay in receiving management advice may have contributed to the somewhat low satisfaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Williams
- School of Primary Care, University of Manchester, Rusholme, UK.
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26
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Williams TL, Esmail A, May CR, Griffiths CE, Shaw NT, Fitzgerald D, Stewart E, Mould M, Morgan M, Pickup L, Kelly S. Patient satisfaction with teledermatology is related to perceived quality of life. Br J Dermatol 2001; 145:911-7. [PMID: 11899144 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of good data about patient satisfaction with teledermatology and about its potential interaction with quality-of-life factors. OBJECTIVES To assess the association between perceived skin-related quality of life and patient satisfaction with a nurse-led teledermatology service. METHODS In a mobile nurse-led teledermatology clinic located in four inner city general practices in Manchester, the teledermatology service used digital cameras to capture and store images of skin conditions for remote diagnosis by dermatologists. One hundred and twenty-three adult patients, non-urgent dermatology referrals from primary care, completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and a 15-item patient satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS In common with other studies of patient satisfaction, subjects reported highly favourable views of 'hotel' aspects of the service (93%) and found it 'convenient' (86%). However, 40% of patients would have preferred to have had a conventional face-to-face consultation with a dermatologist, and 17% felt unable to speak freely about their condition. Patient satisfaction with the service was related to quality of life. Patients reporting lower quality of life as measured by the DLQI were more likely to prefer a face-to-face encounter with a dermatologist (r = 0.216, P < 0.05), and to evince anxiety about being photographed (r = 0.223, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patient acceptance and satisfaction with telemedicine services is complicated by patients' subjective health status. Telehealthcare providers need to recognize that patients with poor quality of life may want and benefit from face-to-face interaction with expert clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Williams
- School of Primary Care, University of Manchester, Rusholme Health Centre, UK
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27
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28
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Abstract
Teledermatology holds great potential for revolutionizing the delivery of dermatology services, providing equitable service to remote areas and allowing primary care physicians to refer patients to dermatology centres of excellence at a distance. However, before its routine application as a service tool, its reliability, accuracy and cost-effectiveness need to be verified by rigorous evaluation. Teledermatology can be applied in one of two ways: it may be conducted in real-time, utilizing videoconferencing equipment, or by store-and-forward methods, when transmitted digital images or photographs are submitted with a clinical history. While there is a considerable range of reported accuracy and reliability, evidence suggests that teledermatology will become increasingly utilized and incorporated into more conventional dermatology service delivery systems. Studies to date have generally found that real-time dermatology is likely to allow greater clinical information to be obtained from the patient. This may result in fewer patients requiring conventional consultations, but it is generally more time-consuming and costly to the health service provider. It is often favoured by the patient because of the instantaneous nature of the diagnosis and management regimen for the condition, and it has educational value to the primary care physician. Store-and-forward systems of teledermatology often give high levels of diagnostic accuracy, and are cheaper and more convenient for the health care provider, but lack the immediacy of patient contact with the dermatologist, and involve a delay in obtaining the diagnosis and advice on management. It is increasingly likely that teledermatology will prove to be a significant tool in the provision of dermatology services in the future. These services will probably be provided by store-and-forward digital image systems, with real-time videoconferencing being used for case conferences and education. However, much more research is needed into the outcomes and limitations of such a service and its effect on waiting lists, as well as possible cost benefits for patients, primary health care professionals and dermatology departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Eedy
- Department of Dermatology, Craigavon Area Hospital Group Trust, 68 Lurgan Road, Portadown BT63 5QQ, UK.
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29
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Abstract
The resurgence of telemedicine can be attributed to its potential for addressing intransigent problems in health care, including limited accessibility, cost inflation, and uneven quality. After discussing definitions and the genesis of telemedicine, this review focuses on conceptual issues and an assessment of past research. The scope and methodological rigor necessary for sustained development and policy making have been limited in this area of research, owing to the nature of extant telemedicine projects and the lack of a comprehensive research strategy that specifies the objectives of telemedicine research regarding accessibility, cost, and quality. Research strategies and a framework for analysis are discussed. Without a commitment to the types of research objectives, framework, and strategy presented here, the considerable promise of telemedicine, as an innovative system of care, may not be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Bashshur
- Telemedicine Program, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor 48109-0826, USA.
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Krupinski E, Webster P, Dolliver M, Weinstein RS, Lopez AM. Efficiency analysis of a multi-specialty telemedicine service. TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN TELEMEDICINE ASSOCIATION 2000; 5:265-71. [PMID: 10908440 DOI: 10.1089/107830299312014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this project was to assess case turn-around times for store-and-forward and real-time video consultations in the Arizona Telemedicine Program. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five components contributing to total case turn-around time were analyzed. Each parameter was submitted to statistical analysis and compared for store-and-forward and real-time sessions. RESULTS Turn-around for real-time are longer than for store-and-forward sessions. Real-time sessions take longer, from when the consulting clinician is contacted to the time the case is reviewed. This is compounded by the fact that real-time sessions sometimes need to be rescheduled. For both types of consults, the time to deliver the final report is the longest segment of the total turn-around time. CONCLUSION Several factors contribute to case turn-around times. By identifying and analyzing each contributing factor, it is possible to revise consult protocols to improve efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Krupinski
- Arizona Telemedicine Program, University of Arizona and Department of Radiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Krupinski EA, LeSueur B, Ellsworth L, Levine N, Hansen R, Silvis N, Sarantopoulos P, Hite P, Wurzel J, Weinstein RS, Lopez AM. Diagnostic accuracy and image quality using a digital camera for teledermatology. TELEMEDICINE JOURNAL : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN TELEMEDICINE ASSOCIATION 2000; 5:257-63. [PMID: 10908439 DOI: 10.1089/107830299312005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of digital photography for dermatologic diagnoses and compare it with in-person diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients referred for specialty consultations (n = 308) were recruited from a university dermatology clinic. Patients were examined in-person by one of three board-certified dermatologists who provided clinical diagnoses. Digital photos were obtained on all patients and were evaluated as computer images by a panel of dermatologists. RESULTS There was 83% concordance between in-person versus digital photo diagnoses. Intradermatologist concordance averaged 84%, and interdermatologist concordance averaged 81%. Decision confidence was rated as "very definite" to "definite" 62% of the time. Concordance with biopsy results was achieved in 76% of the cases. Image sharpness and color quality were rated "good" to "excellent" 83% and 93% of the time, respectively. CONCLUSION Digital photography for store-and-forward teledermatology produces high-quality images and diagnostic concordance rates that compare favorably with in-person clinical diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Krupinski
- Telemedicine Program, University of Arizona, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Håkansson S, Gavelin C. What do we really know about the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine? J Telemed Telecare 2000; 6 Suppl 1:S133-6. [PMID: 10793998 DOI: 10.1258/1357633001934438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Telemedicine is still in its infancy, but undergoing rapid development. It is very difficult to evaluate telemedicine. We performed a literature survey (Medline). During the period 1990-8, over 1500 articles on telemedicine were published. Of these, 246 mentioned economic aspects in the abstract (16%). We selected 29 studies although few had demonstrated cost-effectiveness. Benefits for the patients in the form of reduced travel and waiting time must often be weighed against increased provider costs. Up to now, telemedicine in general has not had any significant effect on medical practice, or the structure and organization of health-care. In order to utilize the potential of telemedicine, its integration with traditional health-care is very important. There are country-specific variations in the health systems that make it difficult to generalize the results from one country to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Håkansson
- Swedish Institute for Health Services Development (Spri), Stockholm, Sweden.
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