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Ahmed A, Shimizu T, Shimoda H, Hosoi E, Uda A, Hotta A, Watarai M, Maeda K, Takano A. Molecular and serological investigation of Francisella tularensis among wild animals in Yamaguchi prefecture. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:3397-3402. [PMID: 39066824 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is an intracellular gram-negative bacterium known as the causative agent of tularemia, which can be transmitted to humans by direct contact with wild animals or by tick bites. Although F. tularensis is highly pathogenic, its recent prevalence in Japan is underreported due to the small number of reported cases. To clarify the current situation of F. tularensis in wild animals, we conducted surveillance on various species of wild animals in Yamaguchi prefecture. In this study, we screened 809 samples collected from 90 Japanese black bears, 105 Japanese monkeys, 168 sika deer, 205 wild boars, and 84 bats. For seroprevalence analysis, we tested 177 serum samples from 75 black bears and 102 monkeys using the microagglutination test. The results showed that serums from five black bears exhibited slight agglutination. Western blot was performed as a confirmatory test on these five samples, but no positive signals were detected. Additionally, molecular surveillance was conducted using DNA extracted from 464 whole blood and 168 tissues, targeting the gene encoding 23 KDa hypothetical protein by real-time PCR and outer membrane protein A gene by conventional PCR. No positive samples of F. tularensis were detected by either real-time or conventional PCR. Although we did not detect any F. tularensis-positive samples through serological and molecular analyses, continuous surveillance studies are necessary since sporadic human cases have been reported in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman Ahmed
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Eiji Hosoi
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hotta
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahisa Watarai
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, 162-8640, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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Kubelkova K, Macela A. Francisella and Antibodies. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102136. [PMID: 34683457 PMCID: PMC8538966 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to intracellular pathogens depend largely upon the activation of T helper type 1-dependent mechanisms. The contribution of B cells to establishing protective immunity has long been underestimated. Francisella tularensis, including a number of subspecies, provides a suitable model for the study of immune responses against intracellular bacterial pathogens. We previously demonstrated that Francisella infects B cells and activates B-cell subtypes to produce a number of cytokines and express the activation markers. Recently, we documented the early production of natural antibodies as a consequence of Francisella infection in mice. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the innate and acquired humoral immune responses initiated by Francisella infection and their relationships with the immune defense systems.
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Žákovská A, Bártová E, Pittermannová P, Budíková M. Antibodies Related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis Detected in Serum and Heart Rinses of Wild Small Mammals in the Czech Republic. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040419. [PMID: 33916002 PMCID: PMC8066200 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild small mammals are the most common reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause zoonotic diseases. The aim of the study was to detect antibodies related to Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, and Francisella tularensis in wild small mammals from the Czech Republic. In total, sera or heart rinses of 211 wild small mammals (168 Apodemus flavicollis, 28 Myodes glareolus, 9 A. sylvaticus, and 6 Sorex araneus) were examined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies related to B.burgdorferi s.l., C. burnetii, and F. tularensis were detected in 15%, 19%, and 20% of animals, respectively. The prevalence of B. burgdorferi and F. tularensis statistically differed in localities and F. tularensis also differed in sex. Antibodies against 2-3 pathogens were found in 17% of animals with a higher prevalence in M. glareolus. This study brings new data about the prevalence of the above-mentioned pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Žákovská
- Department of Comparative Animal Physiology and General Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Bártová
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-562-633
| | - Pavlína Pittermannová
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackého tř. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Marie Budíková
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
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Jahan NA, Lindsey LL, Larsen PA. The Role of Peridomestic Rodents as Reservoirs for Zoonotic Foodborne Pathogens. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:133-148. [PMID: 33351736 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although rodents are well-known reservoirs and vectors for a number of zoonoses, the functional role that peridomestic rodents serve in the amplification and transmission of foodborne pathogens is likely underappreciated. Clear links have been identified between commensal rodents and outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout Europe and Asia; however, comparatively little research has been devoted to studying this relationship in the United States. In particular, regional studies focused on specific rodent species and their foodborne pathogen reservoir status across the diverse agricultural landscapes of the United States are lacking. We posit that both native and invasive species of rodents associated with food-production pipelines are likely sources of seasonal outbreaks of foodborne pathogens throughout the United States. In this study, we review the evidence that identifies peridomestic rodents as reservoirs for foodborne pathogens, and we call for novel research focused on the metagenomic communities residing at the rodent-agriculture interface. Such data will likely result in the identification of new reservoirs for foodborne pathogens and species-specific demographic traits that might underlie seasonal enteric disease outbreaks. Moreover, we anticipate that a One Health metagenomic research approach will result in the discovery of new strains of zoonotic pathogens circulating in peridomestic rodents. Data resulting from such research efforts would directly inform and improve upon biosecurity efforts, ultimately serving to protect our food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat A Jahan
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Laramie L Lindsey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter A Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Ahangari Cohan H, Jamshidian M, Rohani M, Moravedji M, Mostafavi E. Francisella tularensis survey among ranchers and livestock in western Iran. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 74:101598. [PMID: 33302236 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that transmitted to humans and domestic animals by wildlife, especially rodents. There are some evidences of the circulation of F. tularensis in rodents, livestock, human populations, and surface waters in western parts of Iran. In this study, we investigated the exposure of livestock and ranchers to F. tularensis in the endemic regions of western Iran. Blood samples were collected from 289 sheep, 103 cattle, and 51 ranchers in 2018. Animal sera were tested by standard tube agglutination method. The specific IgGs against F. tularensis were evaluated by ELISA in human sera. Moreover, the extracted DNAs from 50 sheep spleen samples were evaluated using TaqMan real-time PCR for the presence of ISFtu2 and FopA genes. All animal sera and spleen samples were negative for tularemia. Of the 51 human samples, two samples were seropositive and one sample showed a borderline status for tularemia. Serologic evidence of F. tularensis in the ranchers but negative results in the livestock indicates different transmission routes in human populations and domestic animals in western Iran. Therefore, drinking contaminated water, contact to wildlife or rodents and arthropod bite should be considered as probable routes in the suspicious areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Jamshidian
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Rohani
- Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran; National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Meysam Moravedji
- Department of clinical sciences, Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Kabudar-Ahang, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging infectious diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Witt N, Andreotti S, Busch A, Neubert K, Reinert K, Tomaso H, Meierhofer D. Rapid and Culture Free Identification of Francisella in Hare Carcasses by High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry Proteotyping. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:636. [PMID: 32457701 PMCID: PMC7225524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens that can be transmitted via food to humans have a high potential for large-scale emergencies, comprising severe effects on public health, critical infrastructures, and the economy. In this context, the development of laboratory methods to rapidly detect zoonotic bacteria in the food supply chain, including high-resolution mass spectrometry proteotyping are needed. In this work, an optimized sample preparation method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteome profiling was established for Francisella isolates, and a cluster analysis, as well as a phylogenetic tree, was generated to shed light on evolutionary relationships. Furthermore, this method was applied to tissues of infected hare carcasses from Germany. Even though the non-informative data outnumbered by a manifold the information of the zoonotic pathogen in the resulting proteome profiles, the standardized evaluation of MS data within an established automated analysis pipeline identified Francisella (F.) tularensis and, thus, could be, in principle, an applicable method to monitor food supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Witt
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.,Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandro Andreotti
- Bioinformatics Solution Center, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Kerstin Neubert
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Reinert
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Jena, Germany
| | - David Meierhofer
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Tularaemia is a zoonotic disease, in Europe caused by Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica. Many lagomorphs and a variety of small rodents are wildlife species prone to develop clinical disease, while predators and scavengers are relatively resistant and may serve as sentinels. Blood samples from 656 Swedish wild predators and scavengers were serologically investigated using slide agglutination and microagglutination. In the slide agglutination test, 34 seropositive animals were detected, and they were found among all species investigated: brown bear (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), wild boar (Sus scrofa), wolf (Canis lupus) and wolverine (Gulo gulo). Due to haemolysis the microagglutination test was more difficult to read at low titres, and only 12 animals were classified as seropositive. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica was detected by a polymerase chain reaction in lymphatic tissues of the head in one brown bear, one red fox and one wolf. The significance of this finding regarding possible latency of infection is not clear. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that all predator and scavenger species included in this study may serve as sentinels for tularaemia in Sweden. Their role as reservoirs is unclear.
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Suzuki J, Hashino M, Matsumoto S, Takano A, Kawabata H, Takada N, Andoh M, Oikawa Y, Kajita H, Uda A, Watanabe K, Shimizu T, Watarai M. Detection of Francisella tularensis and analysis of bacterial growth in ticks in Japan. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:240-6. [PMID: 27432517 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Francisella tularensis is distributed in the Northern hemisphere and it is the bacterial agent responsible for tularaemia, a zoonotic disease. We collected 4 527 samples of DNA from ticks in Japan, which were then analysed by real-time PCR and nested PCR. Francisella DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 2·15% (45/2 093) of Ixodes ovatus, 0·66% (14/2 107) of I. persulcatus, 8·22% (6/73) of I. monospinosus and 0·72% (1/138) of Haemaphysalis flava specimens. Finally, Francisella DNA was detected by nested PCR in 42 and five samples I. ovatus and I. persulcatus, respectively, which were positive according to real-time PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence from I. ovatus and I. persulcatus were clustered with F. tularensis type B strains distributed in Eurasia. Microinjected live F. tularensis persisted in ticks, whereas heat-killed F. tularensis decreased. Microinjected F. tularensis hlyD mutant decreased in ticks significantly compared to parent strain, thereby suggesting that HlyD in F. tularensis contributes to the adaptation or survive of bacterial infection in ticks. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY Francisella tularensis has been detected in ticks, suggesting that it is a tick-borne pathogen. However, F. tularensis has not been detected in ticks in Japan since 1991. In this study, we performed a large-scale analysis of DNA isolated from ticks in Japan and detected F. tularensis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR. We found that F. tularensis could survive in ticks based on an experimental tick-infection model. We also identified a bacterial factor that contributes to survival in ticks. Our results suggest that ticks are candidate vectors that mediate F. tularensis infection in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Suzuki
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M Hashino
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - S Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - A Takano
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - H Kawabata
- Laboratory of Systemic Infection, Department of Bacteriology-I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Takada
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Fukui, Japan
| | - M Andoh
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Y Oikawa
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - H Kajita
- Meat Inspection Center of Iwate Prefecture, Iwate, Japan
| | - A Uda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - T Shimizu
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - M Watarai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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Lai XH, Zhao LF, Chen XM, Ren Y. Rapid Identification and Characterization of Francisella by Molecular Biology and Other Techniques. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:64-77. [PMID: 27335619 PMCID: PMC4899538 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the causative pathogen of tularemia and a
Tier 1 bioterror agent on the CDC list. Considering the fact that some
subpopulation of the F. tularensis strains is more virulent, more
significantly associated with mortality, and therefore poses more threat to
humans, rapid identification and characterization of this subpopulation strains
is of invaluable importance. This review summarizes the up-to-date developments
of assays for mainly detecting and characterizing F. tularensis and a
touch of caveats of some of the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-He Lai
- Institute of Inflammation & Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Long-Fei Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions of Henan, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, Henan, 476000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Institute of Inflammation & Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China ; Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Institute of Inflammation & Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Hotta A, Tanabayashi K, Fujita O, Shindo J, Park CH, Kudo N, Hatai H, Oyamada T, Yamamoto Y, Takano A, Kawabata H, Sharma N, Uda A, Yamada A, Morikawa S. Survey of Francisella tularensis in Wild Animals in Japan in Areas Where Tularemia is Endemic. Jpn J Infect Dis 2015; 69:431-4. [PMID: 26567837 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Samples taken from 428 wild animals and 126 ticks, collected from a tularemia-endemic area in Japan between 2005 and 2013, were analyzed for the presence of Francisella tularensis. F. tularensis was isolated from a Japanese hare carcass whereas the samples from live animals and ticks were negative for F. tularensis by real-time PCR. Our results suggest that F. tularensis is still present in Japan although its prevalence is considerably low even in areas where tularemia is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoyo Hotta
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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