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Yin J, Dai A, LeCureux J, Arango T, Kutzler MA, Yan J, Lewis MG, Khan A, Sardesai NY, Montefiore D, Ruprecht R, Weiner DB, Boyer JD. High antibody and cellular responses induced to HIV-1 clade C envelope following DNA vaccines delivered by electroporation. Vaccine 2011; 29:6763-70. [PMID: 21195801 PMCID: PMC10839813 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clade C is the predominant HIV-1 strain infecting people in sub-Saharan Africa, India, and China and there is a critical need for a vaccine targeted to these areas. In this study we tested a DNA based vaccine that encodes the SIVgag, SIVpol and HIV-1 envelope clade C. METHODS Rhesus macaques were immunized by electroporation with the DNA plasmid encoding optimized SIVgag, SIVpol and an HIV-1 env clade C with or without the adjuvant RANTES. Animals were monitored for immune responses and challenged following the final immunization with 25 animal infectious doses (AID) of SHIV-1157ipd3N4. RESULTS We found that the vaccine induced high levels of antigen specific IFN-γ producing effector cells and the capacity for CD4+ and CD8+ to proliferate upon antigen stimulation. Importantly, we found that the vaccine induced antibody titers as high as 1/4000. These antibodies were capable of neutralizing tier 1 HIV-1 viruses. Finally, when macaques were challenged with SHIV, viral loads were controlled in vaccinated groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that immunization with a simian/human immunodeficiency virus DNA-based vaccine delivered by electroporation can induce cellular and humoral immune responses that are able to control viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmei Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Anlan Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Jonathan LeCureux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Tatiana Arango
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Drexel University, College of Medicine, 245N 15 Street, Philadelphia PA, 19102
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | | | - Amir Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Blue Bell, PA 19422
| | | | | | - Ruth Ruprecht
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, 02115
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
| | - Jean D. Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia PA, 19104
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Belisle SE, Yin J, Shedlock DJ, Dai A, Yan J, Hirao L, Kutzler MA, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Lank SM, Karl JA, O'Connor DH, Khan A, Sardesai N, Chang J, Aicher L, Palermo RE, Weiner DB, Katze MG, Boyer J. Long-term programming of antigen-specific immunity from gene expression signatures in the PBMC of rhesus macaques immunized with an SIV DNA vaccine. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19681. [PMID: 21701683 PMCID: PMC3119060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While HIV-1-specific cellular immunity is thought to be critical for the suppression of viral replication, the correlates of protection have not yet been determined. Rhesus macaques (RM) are an important animal model for the study and development of vaccines against HIV/AIDS. Our laboratory has helped to develop and study DNA-based vaccines in which recent technological advances, including genetic optimization and in vivo electroporation (EP), have helped to dramatically boost their immunogenicity. In this study, RMs were immunized with a DNA vaccine including individual plasmids encoding SIV gag, env, and pol alone, or in combination with a molecular adjuvant, plasmid DNA expressing the chemokine ligand 5 (RANTES), followed by EP. Along with standard immunological assays, flow-based activation analysis without ex vivo restimulation and high-throughput gene expression analysis was performed. Strong cellular immunity was induced by vaccination which was supported by all assays including PBMC microarray analysis that identified the up-regulation of 563 gene sequences including those involved in interferon signaling. Furthermore, 699 gene sequences were differentially regulated in these groups at peak viremia following SIVmac251 challenge. We observed that the RANTES-adjuvanted animals were significantly better at suppressing viral replication during chronic infection and exhibited a distinct pattern of gene expression which included immune cell-trafficking and cell cycle genes. Furthermore, a greater percentage of vaccine-induced central memory CD8+ T-cells capable of an activated phenotype were detected in these animals as measured by activation analysis. Thus, co-immunization with the RANTES molecular adjuvant followed by EP led to the generation of cellular immunity that was transcriptionally distinct and had a greater protective efficacy than its DNA alone counterpart. Furthermore, activation analysis and high-throughput gene expression data may provide better insight into mechanisms of viral control than may be observed using standard immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Belisle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jiangmei Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Devon J. Shedlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anlan Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jian Yan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lauren Hirao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michele A. Kutzler
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mark G. Lewis
- Research Section, Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hanne Andersen
- Research Section, Bioqual, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Simon M. Lank
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Julie A. Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - David H. O'Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amir Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Niranjan Sardesai
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jean Chang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lauri Aicher
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Palermo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David B. Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Katze
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jean Boyer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yamanaka H, Hoyt T, Yang X, Bowen R, Golden S, Crist K, Becker T, Maddaloni M, Pascual DW. A parenteral DNA vaccine protects against pneumonic plague. Vaccine 2010; 28:3219-30. [PMID: 20197132 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine, lymphotactin (LTN), was tested as a molecular adjuvant using bicistronic DNA vaccines encoding the protective Yersinia capsular (F1) antigen and virulence antigen (V-Ag) as a F1-V fusion protein. The LTN-encoding F1-V or V-Ag vaccines were given by the intranasal (i.n.) or intramuscular (i.m.) routes, and although serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies (Abs) were induced, F1-Ag boosts were required for robust anti-F1-Ag Abs. Optimal efficacy against pneumonic plague was obtained in mice i.m.-, not i.n.-immunized with these DNA vaccines. These vaccines stimulated elevated Ag-specific Ab-forming cells and mixed Th cell responses, with Th17 cells markedly enhanced by i.m. immunization. These results show that LTN can be used as a molecular adjuvant to enhance protective immunity against plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoki Yamanaka
- Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Ma K, Xu W, Shao X, Hu L, Xu H, Yuan Z, Zheng X, Xiong S. Coimmunization with RANTES plasmid polarized Th1 immune response against hepatitis B virus envelope via recruitment of dendritic cells. Antiviral Res 2007; 76:140-9. [PMID: 17655942 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2007] [Revised: 06/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Induction of T help cell type 1 (Th1) response seems to be a prerequisite of HBV clearance. DNA vaccines have shown its potential to elicit Th1-biased immune response. However, its immunogenicity needs to be improved. Regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) is an inflammatory chemokine that promotes the accumulation and activation of CD4+, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), which would favor antiviral immunity. In this study, the efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS2 plus S protein was enhanced through co-injection of a plasmid encoding RANTES in a BALB/c model. Co-injection of RANTES gene resulted in a moderate increase in the HBV specific humoral and cellular immune responses and a significant increase following an HBsAg booster vaccination compared to DNA encoding HBsAg alone. This enhancement was due to an enrichment of DCs in the draining lymph node and an up-regulation of DCs maturation by RANTES. More importantly, RANTES polarized the specific immunity towards a dominant Th1 profile and even converted an established Th2 response to a Th1 phenotype. Our study suggested the feasibility of using a plasmid-encoded RANTES as a modulatory Th1 adjuvant in genetic vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Institute for ImmunoBiology and Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, 138, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Shimizu Y, Inaba K, Kaneyasu K, Ibuki K, Himeno A, Okoba M, Goto Y, Hayami M, Miura T, Haga T. A genetically engineered live-attenuated simian-human immunodeficiency virus that co-expresses the RANTES gene improves the magnitude of cellular immunity in rhesus macaques. Virology 2006; 361:68-79. [PMID: 17157892 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 10/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Regulated-on-activation-normal-T-cell-expressed-and-secreted (RANTES), a CC-chemokine, enhances antigen-specific T helper (Th) type-1 responses against HIV-1. To evaluate the adjuvant effects of RANTES against HIV vaccine candidate in SHIV-macaque models, we genetically engineered a live-attenuated SHIV to express the RANTES gene (SHIV-RANTES) and characterized the virus's properties in vivo. After the vaccination, the plasma viral loads were same in the SHIV-RANTES-inoculated monkeys and the parental nef-deleted SHIV (SHIV-NI)-inoculated monkeys. SHIV-RANTES provided some immunity in monkeys by remarkably increasing the antigen-specific CD4+ Th cell-proliferative response and by inducing an antigen-specific IFN-gamma ELISpot response. The magnitude of the immunity in SHIV-RANTES-immunized animals, however, failed to afford greater protection against a heterologous pathogenic SHIV (SHIV-C2/1) challenge compared to control SHIV-NI-immunized animals. SHIV-RANTES immunized monkeys, elicited robust cellular CD4+ Th responses and IFN-gamma ELISpot responses after SHIV-C2/1 challenge. These findings suggest that the chemokine RANTES can augment vaccine-elicited, HIV-specific CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Shimizu Y, Okoba M, Yamazaki N, Goto Y, Miura T, Hayami M, Hoshino H, Haga T. Construction and in vitro characterization of a chimeric simian and human immunodeficiency virus with the RANTES gene. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:105-13. [PMID: 16203167 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 05/31/2005] [Accepted: 06/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) containing the env gene of HIV-1 infects macaque monkeys and provides basic information that is useful for the development of HIV-1 vaccines. Regulated-on-activation-normal-T-cell-expressed-and-secreted (RANTES), a CC-chemokine, enhances antigen-specific T helper type-1 responses against HIV-1. With the final goal of testing the adjuvant effects of RANTES in SHIV-macaque models, we constructed a SHIV having the RANTES gene (SHIV-RANTES) and characterized its properties in vitro. SHIV-RANTES replicated both in human and monkey T cell lines. Along with SHIV-RANTES replication, RANTES was detected in the supernatant of human and monkey cell cultures, at maximal levels of 98.5 and 4.1 ng/ml, respectively. A flow cytometric analysis showed that the expressed RANTES down-modulated CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) on PM1 cells, which was restored by adding anti-RANTES antibody. UV-irradiated culture supernatants from the SHIV-RANTES-infected cells suppressed replication of CCR5-tropic HIV-1 BaL in PM-1 cells. Differentiating real-time RT-PCR showed that pre-infection of SHIV-RANTES in C8166 cells expressing CCR5 suppressed the replication of HIV-1 BaL. Biological activity of the expressed RANTES and the inserted RANTES gene in SHIV-RANTES remained stable after 10 passages. These results suggest that SHIV-RANTES is worth testing in macaque models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Shimizu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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