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Yi W, Zhu H, Wu Y, Li Q, Lou W, Zhao H, Pan Z. The recombinant Erns and truncated E2-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to distinguishably test specific antibodies against classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Virol J 2022; 19:121. [PMID: 35869505 PMCID: PMC9308313 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01851-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Classical swine fever (CSF) virus is the causative agent of an economically important, highly contagious disease of pigs. CSFV is genetically and serologically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). BVDV infection in pigs can mimic CSF clinical signs, which cause difficulty in differentiation. Serological test for detection of virus specific antibodies is a valuable tool for diagnosis and surveillance of CSFV and BVDV infections in animals. The aim of this study was to develop the CSFV Erns and BVDV tE2 -based ELISAs to distinguishably test specific antibodies against CSFV and BVDV.
Methods
The CSFV Erns and truncated E2 (tE2, residues 690–865) of BVDV were expressed in E. coli and purified by Ni–NTA affinity chromatography, respectively. Employing Erns or tE2 protein as diagnostic antigen, indirect ELISAs were developed to distinguishably test specific antibodies against CSFV and BVDV. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISAs were evaluated using a panel of virus specific sera of pigs, immunized rabbits and immunized mice. A total 150 clinical serum samples from farm pigs were measured by the developed ELISAs and compared with virus neutralizing test (VNT).
Results
Indirect ELISA was established based on recombinant CSFV Erns or BVDV tE2 protein, respectively. No serological cross-reaction between antibodies against CSFV and BVDV was observed in sera of immunized rabbits, immunized mice or farm pigs by detections of the Erns and tE2 -based ELISAs. Compared to VNT, the CSFV Erns -based ELISA displayed a high sensitivity (93.3%), specificity (92.0%) and agreement rate (92.7%), and the sensitivity, specificity and agreement rate of BVDV tE2 -based ELISA was 92.3%, 95.2% and 94.7%, respectively.
Conclusion
The newly developed ELISAs are highly specific and sensitive and would be valuable tools for serological diagnosis for CSFV and BVDV infections.
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Xu Q, Guo J, Ma F, Liu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Niu X, Li X, Jiang M, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Li Q, Chai S, Wang R, Ma Q, Zhang E, Zhang G. A novel linear epitope at the C-terminal region of the classical swine fever virus E2 protein elicits neutralizing activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:837-846. [PMID: 34403672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus, which causes serious economic losses. The re-emergence of the disease in Japan in 2018 has increased awareness of CSFV. In this study, Balb/c mice were immunized with plant-derived E2 protein, and four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) 4B11, 7B3, 11A5 and 6F3 were generated. Two of these mAbs, 4B11 and 7B3, effectively blocked CSFV infection of PK-15 cells. Both mAbs recognized a novel linear epitope, 256CLIGNTTVKVHASDER271. The neutralizing ability of anti-CSFV serum decreased 63%, when pre-incubated with the linear peptide at 200 μg/mL. Structural analysis showed that this linear epitope is present at the border of Domain C and Domain D on the surface of the E2 protein. Alignment of amino acid sequences showed that the epitope was conserved in different subgroups of CSFV but not in other members of the Pestivirus genus. Consistently with the analysis above, this epitope distinguished antibodies against CSFV from those against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Our study provides an ideal candidate peptide for new vaccine design and differential diagnosis of CSFV. These findings will contribute to the control and eradication of classical swine fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fanshu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linke Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangxiang Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- College of public health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Li Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yunchao Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shujun Chai
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- College of veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institution of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Erqin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A& F University, Yangling 712100, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; International Associated Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou 450046, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonose, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Selection and Characterization of CSFV-Specific Single-Domain Antibodies and Their Application along with Immunomagnetic Nanobeads and Quantum Dots. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3201630. [PMID: 32090077 PMCID: PMC7013354 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3201630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Outbreak of classical swine fever (CSF) results in high mortality and thus causes severe economic losses in the swine industry. Single-domain antibody (sdAb) is the smallest antigen-binding molecule derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies and has the potential to be used as a molecular probe for detection of CSF virus (CSFV). In this study, two sdAb fragments against the E2 antigen of CSFV were obtained, expressed in vitro. The functional characteristics analysis indicated that the recombinant sdAbE2-1 and sdAbE2-2 have excellent binding activity, specificity, and high affinity with equilibrium constant value of 3.34 × 10−7 and 1.35 × 10−8 M to E2 protein. Then, sdAbE2s were conjugated with quantum dots (QD)/AF488 to synthesize two molecular probes for imaging CSFV distribution in cells. The sdAbE2-1 was also labeled with carboxyl-magnetic beads to construct immunomagnetic nanobeads (IMNBs) able to capture CSFV virions and recombinant E2 protein. QD/AF455-sdAbE2s probes colocalised with CSFV virions in swine testis cells, and IMNBs were used as a detection template and proved to bind specifically with CSFV virions and E2 protein. The selected sdAb fragments and sdAb-based molecular probes may be used for the rapid identification of CSFV during field outbreaks and for research on CSFV and host interactions.
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Kumar R, Kumar V, Kekungu P, Barman NN, Kumar S. Evaluation of surface glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus as immunogens and reagents for serological diagnosis of infections in pigs: a recombinant Newcastle disease virus approach. Arch Virol 2019; 164:3007-3017. [PMID: 31598846 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is an important viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. The structural proteins E2 and Erns of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which participate in the attachment of the virion to the host cell surface and its subsequent entry, are immunogenic. The E2 and Erns proteins are used for diagnosis and the development of vaccines against CSFV infection in swine. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been successfully used as a viral vector to express heterologous proteins. In the present study, the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV were expressed in cell culture as well as embryonated chicken eggs, using recombinant NDV (rNDV). Rescued rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins induced the production of CSFV-neutralizing antibodies upon intranasal vaccination of pigs. Serum samples from vaccinated animals were found to neutralize both homologous and heterologous CSFV strains. Furthermore, rNDV expressing the E2 and Erns proteins of CSFV was used to develop an indirect ELISA, which was used to measure the the antibody titers of randomly collected serum samples. The results suggested that the ELISA based on rNDV-expressed E2 and Erns proteins could be used to screen for CSFV infections. This study shows that rNDV-based expression of CSFV antigens is potentially applicable for development of vaccines and diagnostic tests for CSFV infection. This approach could be an economically favorable alternative to the existing vaccine and diagnostics for CSFV in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Vishnu Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Puro Kekungu
- ICAR Research Complex for North East Hill Region, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Nagendra N Barman
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, Assam, 781022, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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An improved indirect ELISA for specific detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus based on structurally designed E2 protein expressed in suspension mammalian cells. Arch Virol 2018; 163:1831-1839. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Guo X, Sang S, Guo J, Jian A, Duan Q, Ji J, Zhang Q, Zhang W. A magnetoelastic biosensor based on E2 glycoprotein for wireless detection of classical swine fever virus E2 antibody. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15626. [PMID: 29142249 PMCID: PMC5688166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A wireless magnetoelastic (ME) biosensor immobilized with E2 glycoprotein was first developed to detect classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 antibody. The detection principle is that a sandwich complex of CSFV E2 - rabbit anti-CSFV E2 antibody - alkaline phosphatase (AP) conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG formed on the ME sensor surface, with biocatalytic precipitation used to amplify the mass change of antigen-antibody specific binding reaction, induces a significant change in resonance frequency of the biosensor. Due to its magnetostrictive feature, the resonance vibrations and resonance frequency can be actuated and wirelessly monitored through magnetic fields. The experimental results show that resonance frequency shift increases with the augmentation of the CSFV E2 antibody concentration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and fluorescence microscopy analysis proved that the modification and detection process were successful. The biosensor shows a linear response to the logarithm of CSFV E2 antibody concentrations ranging from 5 ng/mL to 10 μg/mL, with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.466 ng/mL and the sensitivity of 56.2 Hz/μg·mL-1. The study provides a low-cost yet highly-sensitive and wireless method for selective detection of CSFV E2 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Shengbo Sang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China.
| | - Jinyu Guo
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Aoqun Jian
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Qianqian Duan
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Jianlong Ji
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
| | - Wendong Zhang
- MicroNano System Research Center, Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education & College of Information Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong, 030600, China
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Kumar R, Barman NN, Khatoon E, Kumar S. Development of single dilution immunoassay to detect E2 protein specific classical swine fever virus antibody. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 172:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Molecular characterization of E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus: adaptation and propagation in porcine kidney cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:441-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Zhou C, Zhou L, Chen YH. Immunization with high epitope density of M2e derived from 2009 pandemic H1N1 elicits protective immunity in mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:3463-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Wang J, Xu L, Tong P, Chen YH. Mucosal antibodies induced by tandem repeat of 2F5 epitope block transcytosis of HIV-1. Vaccine 2011; 29:8542-8. [PMID: 21939723 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Induction of mucosal antibodies to prevent HIV infection is an important strategy for the HIV-1 prophylaxis. Here we report an epitope-vaccine based antigen that was able to elicit mucosal antibodies capable of blocking HIV-1 transcytosis. Because the ELDKWA epitope of neutralizing antibody 2F5 plays a crucial role in transcytosis, a series of immunogens that contain tandem copies of ELDKWA were prepared. Mice were immunized with these immunogens intranasally, and received intraperitoneal+intranasal boosters. The immunogens that contained more ELDKWA epitopes elicited higher level of mucosal ELDKWA-epitope specific IgAs and systemic IgGs. Although the antisera from the immunized mice exhibited mild neutralizing potency to HIV-1 isolates HXB2 and JRFL, the affinity purified mucosal ELDKWA-epitope specific antibodies could block the transcytosis of cell-free CNE3 (a primary isolate of subtype CRF01_AE) in human tight epithelial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, People's Republic of China
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Hedlin PD, Cashman NR, Li L, Gupta J, Babiuk LA, Potter AA, Griebel P, Napper S. Design and delivery of a cryptic PrP(C) epitope for induction of PrP(Sc)-specific antibody responses. Vaccine 2009; 28:981-8. [PMID: 19925901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) depend on misfolding of a normal cellular protein (PrP(C)) to an infectious conformation (PrP(Sc)). Targeting PrP(Sc) may represent an effective strategy for immunotherapy while avoiding consequences associated with immune responses to self-proteins. A weakly immunogenic epitope of PrP(C) (YYR), which induces PrP(Sc)-specific antibodies, is used as a starting point for vaccine development. Through optimization of epitope, as well as formulation/delivery, we enhance immunogenicity while retaining PrP(Sc) specificity. In particular, QVYYRPVDQYSNQN, presented by a leukotoxin carrier protein, emerges as a strong vaccine candidate. A vaccine representing this construct induces consistent and sustained serum PrP(Sc)-specific IgG antibody responses following two vaccinations. Antigen specific antibodies are also present within cerebral spinal fluid and mucosal secretions. These characteristics provide a foundation for development of a TSE vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Hedlin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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