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Guan Y, Li J, Sun B, Xu K, Zhang Y, Ben H, Feng Y, Liu M, Wang S, Gao Y, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Chen D, Wang Y. HBx-induced upregulation of MAP1S drives hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and migration via MAP1S/Smad/TGF-β1 loop. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 281:136327. [PMID: 39374711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has a significantly higher risk of recurrence. However, the exact mechanism by which HBV prompts HCC recurrence remains largely unknown. In this study liver microarray test revealed significant upregulation of microtubule associated protein 1S (MAP1S) in metastatic HCC compared to control. MAP1S knockdown suppressed growth of HCCLM3 cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) upregulates MAP1S, which enhances microtubule (MT) acetylation by promoting the degradation of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), and facilitates the nuclear translocation of Smad complex, and thereby enhancing downstream TGF-β signaling. Smad complex, in turn, increases MAP1S, establishing a feedback loop of MAP1S/Smad/TGF-β1. Finally, survival analysis of 150 HBV-associated HCC patients demonstrated both increased MAP1S and decreased HDAC6 were significantly associated with shorter relapse-free survival. Collectively, this study reveals a unique mechanism whereby HBx-induced upregulation of MAP1S drives HBV-related HCC proliferation and migration through the MAP1S/Smad/TGF-β1 feedback loop. TEASER: MAP1S is a key link between HBV infection and a higher risk of metastatic recurrence of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyue Guan
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Clinical Center for Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Intervention Therapy Center of Tumor and Liver Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Kaikun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Clinical Center for Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Intervention Therapy Center of Tumor and Liver Diseases, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Haijing Ben
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yingmei Feng
- Department of Science and Development, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Mengcheng Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuxue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Clinical Center for Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Artificial Liver Center, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Le-Trilling VTK, Trilling M. Ub to no good: How cytomegaloviruses exploit the ubiquitin proteasome system. Virus Res 2020; 281:197938. [PMID: 32198076 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous member of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily, causing life-threatening diseases in individuals with impaired, immature, or senescent immunity. Accordingly, HIV-infected AIDS patients, transplant recipients, and congenitally infected neonates frequently suffer from symptomatic episodes of HCMV replication. Like all viruses, HCMV has a split relationship with the host proteome. Efficient virus replication can only be achieved if proteins involved in intrinsic, innate, and adaptive immune responses are sufficiently antagonized. Simultaneously, the abundance and function of proteins involved in the synthesis of chemical building blocks required for virus production, such as nucleotides, amino acids, and fatty acids, must be preserved or even enriched. The ubiquitin (Ub) proteasome system (UPS) constitutes one of the most relevant protein decay systems of eukaryotic cells. In addition to the regulation of the turn-over and abundance of thousands of proteins, the UPS also generates the majority of peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to allow surveillance by T lymphocytes. Cytomegaloviruses exploit the UPS to regulate the abundance of viral proteins and to manipulate the host proteome in favour of viral replication and immune evasion. After summarizing the current knowledge of CMV-mediated misuse of the UPS, we discuss the evolution of viral proteins utilizing the UPS for the degradation of defined target proteins. We propose two alternative routes of adapter protein development and their mechanistic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko Trilling
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Wang X, Meul T, Meiners S. Exploring the proteasome system: A novel concept of proteasome inhibition and regulation. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107526. [PMID: 32173559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The proteasome is a well-identified therapeutic target for cancer treatment. It acts as the main protein degradation system in the cell and degrades key mediators of cell growth, survival and function. The term "proteasome" embraces a whole family of distinct complexes, which share a common proteolytic core, the 20S proteasome, but differ by their attached proteasome activators. Each of these proteasome complexes plays specific roles in the control of cellular function. In addition, distinct proteasome interacting proteins regulate proteasome activity in subcellular compartments and in response to cellular signals. Proteasome activators and regulators may thus serve as building blocks to fine-tune proteasome function in the cell according to cellular needs. Inhibitors of the proteasome, e.g. the FDA approved drugs Velcade™, Kyprolis™, Ninlaro™, inactivate the catalytic 20S core and effectively block protein degradation of all proteasome complexes in the cell resulting in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Efficacy of these inhibitors, however, is hampered by their pronounced cytotoxic side-effects as well as by the emerging development of resistance to catalytic proteasome inhibitors. Targeted inhibition of distinct buiding blocks of the proteasome system, i.e. proteasome activators or regulators, represents an alternative strategy to overcome these limitations. In this review, we stress the importance of the diversity of the proteasome complexes constituting an entire proteasome system. Our building block concept provides a rationale for the defined targeting of distinct proteasome super-complexes in disease. We thereby aim to stimulate the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond broad catalytic proteasome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Meul
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) and Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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MG132-mediated inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway ameliorates cancer cachexia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2013; 139:1105-15. [PMID: 23535871 PMCID: PMC7087863 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-013-1412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 in cancer cachexia and to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying. Methods We established an experimental cancer cachexia model by subcutaneously implanting colon 26 cells into the armpits of BALB/c mice. Following administration of MG132 at various time points, body weight, food intake, gastrocnemius muscle weight, spontaneous activity and survival of tumor-bearing mice were examined along with tumor growth. Moreover, cachectic markers including glucose, triglyceride, albumin and total proteins as well as levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue were measured. Finally, mRNA and protein levels of p65, IκBα, and ubiquitin E3 ligases MuRF1 and MAFbx in gastrocnemius muscle were assessed. Results MG132 treatment significantly alleviated cancer cachexia as demonstrated by attenuated weight loss, altered carbohydrate metabolism and muscle atrophy and increased spontaneous activity and survival time of tumor-bearing mice. MG132 reduced tumor growth and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue. NF-κB, MuRF1 and MAFbx were also inhibited by MG132. Unexpectedly, MG132 was more efficient when administrated during the early stages of cachexia. MG132 had no effect on food intake of tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that MG132-induced inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway in cancer cachexia decreased the activity of NF-κB and the degradation of IκBα, and reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum and gastrocnemius tissue, accompanied by downregulation of MuRF1 and MAFbx. These data suggest that MG132 is a potential therapeutic and preventive agent for cancer cachexia.
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