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Zhang J, Huang XJ, Tang WM, Chu Z, Hu Q, Liu J, Ding H, Han X, Zhang Z, Jiang YJ, Geng W, Xia W, Xu J, Shang H. Rapid Clinical Progression and Its Correlates Among Acute HIV Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in China: Findings From a 5-Year Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712802. [PMID: 34367176 PMCID: PMC8339583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the “treat all” era, there are few data on the nature of HIV clinical progression in middle-income countries. The aim of the current study was to prospectively analyze the clinical progression of HIV and its indicators among men in China with acute HIV who have sex with men. Methods From 2009–2014 a total of 400 men with acute HIV infection (AHI) were identified among 7,893 men who have sex with men via periodic pooled nucleic acid amplification testing, and they were assigned to an AHI prospective cohort in Beijing and Shenyang, China. Rapid progression was defined as two consecutive CD4+ T cell counts < 350/µL within 3–24 months post-infection. Kaplan−Meier and Cox-regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of rapid progression. Results Among 400 men with AHI 46.5% were rapid progressors, 35.1% reached rapid progressor status by 12 months post-infection, and 63.9% reached rapid progressor status by 24 months. Rapid progression was associated with herpes simplex-2 virus coinfection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.3], depression (aHR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.6), baseline CD4+ T cell count < 500/μL (aHR 3.5, 95% CI 2.4–5.1), higher baseline HIV viral load (aHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.3), acute symptoms lasting ≥ 2 weeks (aHR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1–2.2), higher body mass index (aHR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9–1.0), higher HIV viral load (aHR 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.1), set point viral load at 3 months (aHR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5), each 100-cell/μL decrease in CD4+ T cell count at 3 months (aHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.9–2.5), and baseline routine blood tests including white blood cell count < 5.32, hemoglobin ≥ 151, mean corpuscular hemoglobin ≥ 30.5, hemoglobin concentration ≥ 342, mean platelet count ≥ 342, lymphocytes ≥ 1.98, and mixed cell count ≥ 0.4 (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Almost half of the patients underwent rapid clinical progression within 2 years after HIV infection. A treat-all policy is necessary and should be strengthened globally. Rapid progression was correlated with herpes simplex-2 virus coinfection, depression, low CD4+ T cell counts, and high set point viral load in acute infection stage. Rapid progression can be identified via simple indicators such as body mass index and routine blood test parameters in low and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Huang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ming Tang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Zhenxing Chu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Jun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Geng
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Xu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Xie L, Su B, Mou D, Wang L, Liu T, Wang X, Zhang B, Zhao L, Hu L, Ning H, Zhang Y, Deng K, Liu L, Lu X, Zhang T, Xu J, Li C, Wu H, Deng H, Chen H. CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells in a Patient with HIV and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1240-1247. [PMID: 31509667 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1817426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The safety of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based genome editing in the context of human gene therapy is largely unknown. CCR5 is a reasonable but not absolutely protective target for a cure of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, because CCR5-null blood cells are largely resistant to HIV-1 entry. We transplanted CRISPR-edited CCR5-ablated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) into a patient with HIV-1 infection and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The acute lymphoblastic leukemia was in complete remission with full donor chimerism, and donor cells carrying the ablated CCR5 persisted for more than 19 months without gene editing-related adverse events. The percentage of CD4+ cells with CCR5 ablation increased by a small degree during a period of antiretroviral-therapy interruption. Although we achieved successful transplantation and long-term engraftment of CRISPR-edited HSPCs, the percentage of CCR5 disruption in lymphocytes was only approximately 5%, which indicates the need for further research into this approach. (Funded by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03164135.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Jun Wang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Yulin Liu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Liangfu Xie
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Bin Su
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Danlei Mou
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Longteng Wang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Tingting Liu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Xiaobao Wang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Bin Zhang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Long Zhao
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Liangding Hu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Hongmei Ning
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Kai Deng
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Tong Zhang
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Jun Xu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Cheng Li
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Hao Wu
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
| | - Hu Chen
- From the Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (L. Xu, J.W., T.L., B.Z., L.H., H.N., Y.Z., H.C.) and the Cell and Gene Therapy Center (B.Z., L.Z., L.H., H.C.), 307 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, the Fifth Medical Center of the People's Liberation Army General Hospital, the Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, and the Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (Y.L., L. Xie, X.W., J.X., H.D.), and the School of Life Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Center for Bioinformatics (L.W., C.L.), Peking University, and the Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV-AIDS Research (B.S., D.M., L.L., X.L., T.Z., H.W.), Beijing, and the Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou (K.D.) - all in China
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